In dialysis cases complicated with ischemic heart disease, there are many problems, such as poor preoperative general condition, calcified aorta, water-electrolyte control, and the necessity for other simultaneous operations. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) was considered very useful in coping with these problems. OPCAB, employed in five cases, was compared with conventional coronary artery bypass grafting with extracorporeal circulation (ECC group, 9 cases). Regarding preoperative coexisting diseases, collagen diseases, porcelain aorta, cerebral infarction, and others were recognized in the OPCAB group in 3 of 5 cases. Emergency operations were performed in 5 of 9 cases in the ECC group, and in 2 of 5 cases in the OPCAB group. The bypass number (3.2 vs. 2.0) and complete revascularization rate (7 of 9 vs. 2 of 5), tended to be higher in the ECC group. The OPCAP group was significantly superior in blood transfusion (6.7 vs. 3.0u), postoperative CK-MB (63 vs. 33u), and the postoperative usual hemodialysis commencing time (4.2 vs. 1.0 day). Concerning use of postoperative IABP (3 of 9 vs. 0 of 5), and postoperative ventilator weaning time (2.7 vs. 1.0 day), a good tendency was shown in the OPCAB group. Although a high mortality rate (2 of 5) was recognized in OPCAB group compared with ECC group (1 of 9), those were urgent cases who had a very poor preoperative condition, and both cases suffered non-cardiac deaths. Excluding special cases, such as an unstable hemodynamic state requiring assisted circulation, and poor coronary run off, OPCAB seems useful for the treatment of coronary artery disease in dialysis patients.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) was evaluated by noninvasive examination in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients. A simultaneous operation or a 2-staged operation was performed depending on the seriousness of the condition when both diseases were combined. A total of 36 patients underwent elective repair of AAA between 1996 and 2001. Coronary angiography (CAG) was performed only in patients with suspected CAD by dipyridamole myocardial scintigraphy. Significant CAD was found in 8 patients. Simultaneous operation was performed in 4 patients, and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) was performed in all cases of simultaneous operation. In 4 patients receiving 2-staged operations, 1 standard coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 1 OPCAB and 2 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties (PTCA) were performed prior to AAA surgery. Twenty-eight patients underwent only AAA operation. Though there were no incidents of perioperative myocardial infarction or cardiac related deaths in this group, 2 patients died due to other causes (hemorrhage and duodenal perforation). In the 8 patients associated with CAD, 1 patient died of MNMS after simultaneous operation. The other 7 patients revived their social function soon of the discharge. Dipyridamole cardiac scintigraphy was considered to be an effective examination for evaluation of CAD in AAA patients. There was no need to perform CAG in all AAA patients. The policy of choosing simultaneous operation or 2-staged operation according to the seriousness of the 2 diseases seemed to be appropriate.

Objective: The practices pertaining to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) in Japan have been rapidly changing owing to the clinical development of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, the increasing availability of companion diagnostics, and the broadened insurance coverage of HBOC management from April 2020. A questionnaire of gynecologic oncologists was conducted to understand the current status and to promote the widespread standardization of future HBOC management. Methods: A Google Form questionnaire was administered to the members of the Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology. The survey consisted of 25 questions in 4 categories: respondent demographics, HBOC management experience, insurance coverage of HBOC management, and educational opportunities related to HBOC. Results: A total of 666 valid responses were received. Regarding the prevalence of HBOC practice, the majority of physicians responded in the negative and required human resources, information sharing and educational opportunities, and expanded insurance coverage to adopt and improve HBOC practice. Most physicians were not satisfied with the educational opportunities provided so far, and further expansion was desired. They remarked on the psychological burdens of many HBOC managements. Physicians reported these burdens could be alleviated by securing sufficient time to engage in HBOC management, creating easy-to-understand explanatory material for patients, collaboration with specialists in genetic medicine, and educational opportunities. Conclusion Gynecologic oncologists in Japan are struggling to deal with psychological burdens in HBOC practice. To promote the clinical practice of HBOC management, there is an urgent need to strengthen human resources and improve educational opportunities, and expand insurance coverage for HBOC management.