No abstract available.
Lung* ; Microbubbles*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Microbubbles*

No abstract available.
Genetic Therapy* ; Microbubbles* ; Ultrasonography*

Contrast echocardiography is an important technique that .,/ can be used to examine the cardiac cavity, vascular tructure, intracardiac shunt, and myocardial microcirculation. uses gasfilled microbubbles and various imaging techiques. The properties of microbubbles and their interaction Ath ultrasound are important in ultrasoundenhanced conast imaging. This article will describe microbubbie physics id new ultrasound techniques that are necessary to under--and the basics of contrast echocardiography. The utility of )ntrast echocardiography in various clinical scenarios will be so described.
Echocardiography* ; Microbubbles ; Microcirculation ; Myocardium ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Microbubbles* ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn*

Correlation between nonlinear subharmonic scattering of ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles and ambient pressure is expected to be used for local brain tissue pressure monitoring. Although high-frequency ultrasound has achieved high-resolution imaging of intracranial microvessels, the research on high-frequency subharmonic scattering characteristics of microbubbles is insufficient at present, which restricts the research progress of estimating local brain tissue pressure based on high-frequency subharmonic scattering of microbubbles. Therefore, under the excitation of 10 MHz high-frequency ultrasound, the effects of different acoustic pressures and ambient pressures on the high-frequency subharmonic scattering characteristics of three different ultrasound contrast agents including SonoVue, Sonazoid and Huashengxian were investigated in this in vitro study. Results showed that the subharmonic scattering amplitudes of the three microbubbles increased with the increase of ambient pressure at the peak negative acoustic pressures of 696, 766 and 817 kPa, and there was a favorable linear correlation between subharmonic amplitude and ambient pressure. Under the above three acoustic pressures, the highest correlation coefficient of SonoVue was 0.948 ( P = 0.03), the highest sensitivity of pressure measurement was 0.248 dB/mm Hg and the minimum root mean square error (RMSE) was 2.64 mm Hg. Sonazoid's highest correlation coefficient was 0.982 ( P < 0.01), the highest sensitivity of pressure measurement was 0.052 dB/mm Hg and the minimum RMSE was 1.51 mm Hg. The highest correlation coefficient of Huashengxian was 0.969 ( P = 0.02), the highest sensitivity of pressure measurement was 0.098 dB/mm Hg and the minimum RMSE was 2.00 mm Hg. The above in vitro experimental results indicate that by selecting ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles and optimizing acoustic pressure, the correlation between high-frequency subharmonic scattering of microbubbles and ambient pressure can be improved, the sensitivity of pressure measurement can be upgraded, and the measurement error can be reduced to meet the clinical demand for local brain tissue pressure measurement, which provided an important experimental basis for subsequent research in vivo.
Contrast Media ; Microbubbles ; Ultrasonography/methods*

Recent advancements in ultrasound and microbubble (USMB) mediated drug delivery technology has shown that this approach can improve spatially confined delivery of drugs and genes to target tissues while reducing systemic dose and toxicity. The mechanism behind enhanced delivery of therapeutics is sonoporation, the formation of openings in the vasculature, induced by ultrasound-triggered oscillations and destruction of microbubbles. In this review, progress and challenges of USMB mediated drug delivery are summarized, with special focus on cancer therapy.
Drug Delivery Systems ; Genetic Therapy ; Microbubbles ; Ultrasonography

With focused ultrasound (FUS) and microbubbles, BBB can be transiently disrupted with a localized and non-invasive approach. BBB disruption induced by FUS has made progressions to move forward on delivery of therapeutic agents into a brain in a specific area of brain for better treatment of neurological diseases. In addition to be used as an improvement of drug delivery, BBB disruption has been found to induce biological effects such as a clearance of protein aggregation which cause Alzheimer's disease, regulation of proteins which facilitate drug uptake, and modulation of neuronal function and neurogenesis. In this review, we discuss overview about the principles of BBB opening with FUS and milestones in these biological effects of FUS-induced BBB disruption.
Alzheimer Disease ; Brain ; Microbubbles ; Neurogenesis ; Neurons ; Ultrasonography*

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) using microbubble ultrasonography contrast agent can show the vascular structure and unique contrast enhancement patterns of focal liver lesions, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CEUS shows three phases, similar to a vascular pattern on computer tomography (CT), and typical arterial enhancement and portal or late phase washout in HCC. CEUS can show real-time images without nephrotoxicity or radiation hazard and can be used as guidance for loco-regional treatment and estimation of treatment response of HCC. In addition, some data recently revealed the usefulness of CEUS in the early estimation of response to anti-cancer pharmacological (i.e., sorafenib) therapy in advanced HCC. Although CEUS has limitations in clinical practice and more investigation is needed for its validation, it is recommended as a main diagnostic modality in a few major clinical practice guidelines for HCC. Thus, greater understanding of CEUS is necessary to extend its application in real practice for diagnosis and management of diseases.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis ; Liver ; Microbubbles ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: With the recent advent of surfactant replacement therapy, there is an increasing need for a rapid and reliable test to predict respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) immediately before or at birth. There are many investigations and methods for the detection of RDS in prenatal or postnatal period. The stable microbubble rating test (SMR-test) developed by pattle et al. is rapid and simple test performed on amniotic fluid and gastric aspirates which reflects the adequacy of pulmonary surfactant with higher diagnostic accuracy. To determine the relation of the SMR and surfactant derivatives [Surfacten : phospholipid (PL), Exosurf : dipalmitoyl-phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) concentration in vitro, author performed SMR test according to 15 groups of surfactant derivatives concentration by using modified Pattle's method. METHODS: Surfacten & Exosurf were diluted each concentration (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100microgram/ml) by dilutional fluid. We enveloped test tube by paraffin paper for protection of evaporation. When we performed SMR test, we shaked test tube vigorously by Vlotex shaker. We performed SMR test according to 15 groups of Surfactant concentration by using modified Pattle's method. RESULTS: 1) The number of SMR according to 15 groups of surfactant derivatives concentration were 2, 1/mm2 in 4.2microgram/ml of PL and 3.1microgram/ml of DPPC, 279, 1104/mm2 in 83.3microgram/ml of PL and 61.8microgram/ml DPPC. 2) The regression curve of SMR and surfactant derivatives concentration showed statistically significant relation (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: The SMR test was a good method in estimation of surfactant concentration in vitro and also in diagnosis of RDS recognized as a surfactant deficiency.
Amniotic Fluid ; Choline ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Microbubbles* ; Paraffin ; Parturition ; Pulmonary Surfactants