Objective To observe the occurrence of myocardial apoptosis and discussing the mechanism of the effects of glucocorticoid on myocardial apoptosis in septic rats in order to provide the rationale for clinical strategy.Methods A total of 60 Wistar rats weighing 230-280 g were randomly (random number) divided into control group and experimental group (n =30 in each group).Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was performed in rats to induce sepsis,and Cefoperazone Sodium/Sulbactam Sodium (200 mg/kg) was injected into caudal vein 4 hours after CLP,twice a day.In addition,glucocorticoid was given to rats of experimental group.After rats sacrificed,their left ventricular myocardia were rapidly taken out and myocardial apoptosis rate was measured and the level of Bcl-2 was assayed at 6 h,24 h,and 72 h after CLP.Measured data were analyzed with independent-samples t-test and One-Way ANOVA.Results The rates of myocardial apoptosis in experimental group were obviously lower than those in control groups respectively (F=9.11,t=5.681,P＜0.01) (6ht=11.416,P＜0.01; 24ht=6.217,P＜0.01; 72 h t =3.76,P ＜0.01).The rates of myocardial apoptosis in 24 h in control and 72 h control groups were distinctively higher than those in 6 h control group,respectively (F =13.254,sig =0.000,P ＜0.01 ; sig =0.004,P ＜ 0.01).The rates ofmyocardial apoptosis in group 24 h control were higher than those in 72 h control group (sig =0.039,P ＜ 0.05).The rates of myocardial apoptosis make no difference among experimental group (F =2.488,6/24 h sig =0.132,P ＞ 0.05 ; 24/72 h sig =0.549,P ＞ 0.05 ; 6/72 h sig =0.053,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The rate of myocardial apoptosis is peaked at 24 h in sepsis rat,and the rate of myocardial apoptosis can be obviously decreased by administration of glucocorticoid.

Objective To explore the role of BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) in the early assessment of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE).MethodsEighty-six patients hospitalized in Beijing Friendship Hospital from November 2005 to June 2010 diagnosed as acute PE were studied retrospectively.The differences of BNP and other indicators and the relationship of BNP and right ventricular and right atrial pressure gradient value ( RV-RA PG) were compared between two groups divided by whether right ventricular dysfunction exists or not.imilarly,the differences of BNP and other indictors were compared between the two groups divided by complications exists or not.ResultsIn the right ventricular dysfunction group and control group,BNP was ( 1356.8 ±675.4) pg/ml and ( 103.8 ±51.4) pg/ml,respectively,and the differences are significant.BNP and RV-RA PG had a significant correlation (γ =0.824,P ＜0.01 ) by Linear correlation analysis.BNP had a reliable diagnostic power for right ventricular dysfunction ( AUC 0.907).In the group with complications and none -complication group,BNP value was ( 1356.8 ±675.4)pg/mlvs.(103.8 ±51.4) pg/ml,and pH value was (7.372 ±3.7) vs.(7.446 ±3.5),and the differences were all significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions BNP has important significance in early predicting the occurring,severity and prognosis of congestive heart failure caused by acute pulmonary embolism; pH of the early arterial blood gas has positive significance for early diagnose and treatment and predicting the severity and prognosis of patients suffering acute pulmonary embolism.

AIM: To explore the patterns of the usage of traditional Chinese medicines in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (OP) so as to give full play of their superiority, in view of the drawbacks of the severe toxic side-effect,the doubtful long-term therapeutic effect and the expensive drug cost in the western study of therapy of OP.METHODS: To study the patterns of the use of traditional Chinese medicines in prevention and treatment of OP, correlative data between 1979 and 2002 were collected, and statistical analysis was performed on 208 prescriptions (totaling 1 522 counts of herbs) of confirmed efficacy,which were prescribed by experts and renowned Chinese medical practitioners. Special attention was placed on the 127 herbs that were prescribed most frequently. Their uses and collocations were analyzed with the aim to reveal their medical regularities.RESULTS: [1] In treating OP, the principle should be using drugs that were able to nourish liver and kidney, cultivating blood and essence, and strengthening sinews and bones as the mainstay, and supplementing them with drugs that were able to activate blood and remove blood stasis, dredge collaterals to relieve pain, and dispel wind and eliminate dampness. More than 10 classes of drugs had been used, including tonics, drugs that activated blood and removed blood stasis, drugs that cleared excess heat, drugs that cleared excess wind and dampness, drugs that regulated flow of qi,drugs that eliminated dampness through diuresis, drugs for indigestion, and drugs that soothed liver and stopped endopathic wind. The tonics and drugs activating blood and removing blood stasis were used most frequently, accounting for 69.71% and 15.67% respectively. Among the tonics, the most frequently used (＞ 50 in 422 counts) were Herba Epimedii, Cortex Eucommiae, Radix Astrag ali and Fructus Psoraleae. Among drugs of activating blood and removing blood stasis, prepared rhizome of RadixRehmanniae, Radix Angelicae sinensis and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae were used most frequently. [2] It was showed that the property of herbs used to treat OP was mainly warming, and a small number of them calming character. Flavour of the drugs was chiefly sweet and pungent, and a small number of them had bitter and salty flavours; Channel tropism of the drugs was classified under liver primarily, and a small number of them classified under heart, spleen and lung. The main functions of the most frequently used 16 herbs were chiefly tonifying liver and kidney, strengthening sinews and bone, activating blood and alleviating pain. There were many literatures reporting Herba Epimedii, Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Astragali, Cortex Eucommia, and Fructus Psoraleae about their applications in the treatment of OP. Through clinical trials and animal studies, it was proved that these herbs had steroid-like actions, and antibacterial, anti-inflammatory,pain-killing, smooth-muscles relaxing, anti-platelet aggregation, vasodilation, enhancing immune system actions, etc. [3] Treatments were on the basis of rectifying deficiency as the primary, and rectifying excess as the secondary. Totally 45 kinds of yang tonic, accounting for 40.04% were selected firstly. This category of all the herbs was classified under the channel tropism of kidney. Of 18 kinds of yin tonic, accounting for 32.73%, amounted to 403 herb counts (38.24% of the total employment of tonic). This kind of drugs was classified under the kidney and liver channel tropism. Ten kinds of qi tonics, accounting for 18.18%, amounted to 189 herb counts(17.93% of the total employment of tonic). This kind of drugs was classified under the spleen channel tropism. Six kinds of blood tonics, accounting for1.09%, amounted to 40 herb counts (3.79% of the total employment of tonic). Therapy should be supplemented with herbs that enrich blood.CONCLUSION: Treatment of OP should place prime emphasis on replenishing deficiency, and supplementing it with removal of blood stasis. It is also advocated that replenishing deficiency of kidney is beneficial to producing essence and nourishing liver; replenishing deficiency of bone is beneficial to invigorating the spleen and activating blood and so on. Yang tonic is selected firstly, then yin tonic, qi tonic and blood tonic.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of troponin I and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide detection in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods The troponin I and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)were detected in 89 AMI patients(AMI group)and in 102 non-AMI patients(non-AMI group).Results The troponin I and NT-proBNP levels in AMI group were significant higher than those in non-AMI group,and the difference was statistically sig-nificant(P <0.05).Meanwhile,the combined detection of troponin I and NT-proBNP could increase the sensitivity and specificity of AMI′s early diagnosis to 88.8% and 93.1%.Conclusion Early and rapid detection of troponin I and NT-proBNP could significant-ly improve the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in sensitivity and specificity.

To investigate the chemical constituents of A. barbadensis, aqueous extract of the plant was subjected to preparative medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC). The chemical structures were mainly determined by spectroscopic evidences (UV, IR, HR-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, 1H-1H COSY and HMBC) and chemical methods. A new O, O, O-triglucosylated naphthalene derivative, together with two known 6-phenyl-2-pyrone derivatives and four 5-methylchromones, were isolated and identified as 1-((3-((4- O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-xylopyranosyloxymethyl)-1-hydroxy-8-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)naphthalene-2-y])-ethanone (1), 10-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl aloenin (2), aloenin B (3), aloesin (4), 8-C-glucosyl-(R)-aloesol (5), 8-C-glucosyl-7-O-methyl-(S)-aloesol (6), and isoaloeresin D (7). Compound 1 is a novel naphthalene derivative and named as aloveroside B, compounds 2-3 are isolated from this Aloe species for the first time.

0.05]. At 20, 30 and 40 days concentration of endostatin[(212.80?85.91) ?g/L,(293.63?62.53) ?g/L, (271.57?32.45) ?g/L, respectively] were higher than that of the control group (P

Transporters are traditionally considered to transport small molecules rather than large-sized nanoparticles due to their small pores. In this study, we demonstrate that the upregulated intestinal transporter (PCFT), which reaches a maximum of 12.3-fold expression in the intestinal epithelial cells of diabetic rats, mediates the uptake of the folic acid-grafted nanoparticles (FNP). Specifically, the upregulated PCFT could exert its function to mediate the endocytosis of FNP and efficiently stimulate the traverse of FNP across enterocytes by the lysosome-evading pathway, Golgi-targeting pathway and basolateral exocytosis, featuring a high oral insulin bioavailability of 14.4% in the diabetic rats. Conversely, in cells with relatively low PCFT expression, the positive surface charge contributes to the cellular uptake of FNP, and FNP are mainly degraded in the lysosomes. Overall, we emphasize that the upregulated intestinal transporters could direct the uptake of ligand-modified nanoparticles by mediating the endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of ligand-modified nanoparticles via the transporter-mediated pathway. This study may also theoretically provide insightful guidelines for the rational design of transporter-targeted nanoparticles to achieve efficient drug delivery in diverse diseases.