Objective To study the influence of general anesthesia and epidural anesthesia on postoperative short-term cognitive function in the elderly patients undergoing orthopedics surgery.Methods 120 patients with hip joint displacement or internal fixation after femur fracture and American Society of Anesthesiology Ⅰ and Ⅱ were randomly divided into general anesthesia and epidural anesthesia groups(n=60 for each group).Artery blood pressure(ABP)and heart rate were recorded before operation,pre-operation after anesthesia,during 30 min operation,during main operation and at operation end.Cognitive function was detected by mini-mental state(MMS)before induction of anesthesia and 6 h,12 h,24 h and 72 h after anesthesia.Results There were no differences in ABP and heart rate during operation between the two groups(P＞0.05).The scores of MMS in general anesthesia group at 6 h(26.5±0.5),12 h(25.4±0.7)and 24 h(27.4±0.3)were decreased as compared with pre-induction of anesthesia(29.5 ± 0.3)(P＜ 0.05),while no difference was found at 72 h(29.3±0.3).The scores of MMS in epidural anesthesia group at 6 h(26.6±0.4)and 12 h(25.6±0.8)were lower(P＜0.05),while had no difference at 24 h(29.1±0.4)and 72 h (29.5±0.4)(P＞0.05)as compared with pre-induction of anesthesia(29.4±0.4).At 24 h after anesthesia,the MMS scores were higher in epidural anesthesia group(29.1±0.4)than in general anesthesia group(27.4±0.3)(P＜0.01).Conclusions General anesthesia may contribute to more obvious influences on cognitive function than epidural anaesthesias within 12h after operation in the elderly patients undergoing orthopedics surgery.

Biomedical Research ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; Humans

Aim To investigate the effect of baicalin on cell proliferation and cell migration in human skin SCC A431 cell line. Methods The A431 cells were incu-
bated with 50 mg·L-1 baicalin. The protein level of cofilin-1 was assayed by Western blot. Cofilin-1 specific siRNA fragment was designed , synthesized and trans-
fected into A431 cells. The proliferative activity and migration ability of cells were assessed by CCK8 assay and scratch wound healing assay separately. ResultsWestern blot results showed that baicalin treatment in-hibited the cofilin-1 protein expression to 49.3% com-pared with the control group. Single baicalin treatment and cofilin-1 silencing could drease the A431 cell growth and migration. And cofilin-1 silencing signifi-
cantly enhanced the efficacy of baicalin. Conclusions Baicalin could significantly inhibit the tumor cell's growth and migration in the A431 cell line. And cofi-lin-1 might become the potential target gene to enhance the effect of anticancer drugs.

Objective:To study the influence of pomegranate tannins on the endogenous metabolites in the urine of normal rats by metabonomics method. Methods:The rats were divided into two groups, the blank control group and tannins group. The rats in tan-nins group were orally administered 78. 5 mg·ml-1 pomegranate tannins for 4 weeks. The urine samples were collected and used in the metabonomics study. The urine data were collected by HPLC-MS and comparatively analyzed using PCA and PLS-DA method in SIM-CA-P software. Results:The score points of tannins group displayed obvious distance compared with those of the blank control group, and the changes were the most obvious on the 22nd administration day. Conclusion:Endogenous metabolites in rat urine are obviously influenced by pomegranate tannins, and the research provides the basis for the further study of pomegranate tannins.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of astragaloside Ⅳ against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced photodamage to human HaCaT keratinocytes,and to investigate its mechanisms.Methods Culturedimmortalized human HaCaT keratinocytes were divided into four groups:blank control group receiving untreated,UVB group irradiated with 50 mJ/cm2 UVB,astragaloside Ⅳ group treated with astragaloside Ⅳ,UVB + astragalosideⅣ group treated with astragaloside Ⅳ for 24 hours before and after 50 mJ/cm2 of UVB radiation.The concentration ofastragaloside Ⅳ ranged from 10 to 200 mg/L in cell proliferation assay,and according to the results of proliferationassay,20 mg/L was determined as the optimal concentration in the other assays.At 24 hours after UVB radiation,cellcounting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was performed to evaluate cellular proliferative activity,flow cytometry to determineintracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels,and Western blot to measure the expression levels of p53,p38,matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and high mobility group Al (HMGA-1) protein in HaCaT cells.ResultsCompared with the control group,astragaloside Ⅳ at 10 and 20 mg/L had no inhibitory effect (F =1.32,P ＞ 0.05),while astragaloside Ⅳ at 50,100 and 200 mg/L showed significantly inhibitory effect (F =20.20,P ＜ 0.05),on theproliferation of HaCaT cells.In addition,cellular proliferative activity in the UVB group was significantly lower thanthat in the control group (F =99.00,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the UVB group,cellular proliferative activityincreased to different degrees in HaCaT cells treated with both UVB and astragaloside Ⅳ of 10-200 mg/L (F =19.08,P ＜ 0.01),with the strongest increase observed in those treated with UVB and astragaloside Ⅳ of 20 mg/L.Further experiments revealed reduced intracellular ROS levels in the UVB + astragaloside Ⅳ (20 mg/L) groupcompared with the UVB group (t =21.12,P ＜ 0.01).Western blot assay showed that the expression levels of p53,p38,MMP-9 and HMGA-1 protein were significantly higher in the UVB group than in the control group (all P ＜0.01),but significantly lower in the UVB + astragaloside Ⅳ (20 mg/L) group than in the UVB group (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Astragaloside Ⅳ can effectively protect keratinocytes from UVB-induced photodamage.

Objective To explore the experience and causes of self-neglect of elderly diabetic patients in community,so as to provide references for community nursing workers to identify and intervene the self-neglect behavior of elderly diabetic patients.Methods An interpretative phenomenological method was used to collect data from elderly diabetic patients registered in 3 community health service centers in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province through semi-structured interviews.Van Manen's method was used to analyze qualitative data.Results The experience and reasons of self-neglect of elderly diabetic patients in community were summarized into 4 themes and 10 sub-themes,including neglecting personal health(low sense of self-worth,high level of self-esteem,being afraid of compromising the family),neglecting blood glucose management(weak health awareness,difficulty in blood glucose management),inadequate self-care capacity(poor financial situation,insufficient personal time,diminished mobility)and inadequate perceived support(low social support,insufficient emotional support).Conclusion The experience and reasons of self-neglect of elderly diabetic patients in community are diversified.Community health services and nursing workers should pay attention to the performance of self-neglect behavior of elderly diabetic patients and actively explore effective prevention and intervention measures.

Objective To analyse the literatures characteristics about the new recruited nurses accepting standardized training and to compare the differences between the Standardized Training Program of New Nurses,so as to provide suggestions for nursing managers.Methods The literatures were recruited by putting the "new nurses,new recruited nurses,junior nurses" and "standardized training,training" as the key words in CNKI,WANFANG to retrieve relevant literatures from January 2011 to December 2015 and were analysed by the content analysis method and bibliometrics method.Results A total of 126 literatures were included, in which core periodicals, qualitative reasearches, tertiary hospitals accounted for 18.25%,13.49%, 74.6%, respectively. The content characteristics Results are below:the training content is incomplete;the rates of reaching basic theory knowledge training standard,27 items of clinical nursing operations training standard, special theory knowledge and operations training standard are 39.68%,0,45.24% respectively;the lecture and practice course achieved 100% compliance rate;the percent of group discussion,clinical ward round,simulation were 13.49%,23.02%,19.84% respectively;the case nursing was 9 for compliance rate;the examination index was short for standardized patient and case nursing; the graduation examination acquired 100% compliance rate;the percent of process evaluations was 21.43%. The training time was messy and the training requirements were lack of integrity.Conclusions There are some differences between the current training situations and the Guideline of New Nurses Being Trained. The training content,the training Methods ,the training time,the indexes of checking should be unified according to Guideline,to promote the homogenizing outcome.

PURPOSE: The role of systemic sensitization in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains elusive. This study sought to characterize the pattern of cytokines in polyp tissues from atopic and nonatopic patients with CRSwNP. METHODS: Atopic and nonatopic polyp and normal tissues were collected from 70 CRSwNP patients and 26 control subjects, respectively. The distribution of inflammatory cells (eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells, etc.) were examined using immunohistochemistry, the mRNA levels of the transcription factors GATA-3, T-bet, RORc, and FOXP3 were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The levels of inflammatory mediators (IFN-gamma, IL-5, IL-17A, etc.) in tissue homogenates were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, the levels of inflammatory mediators in the supernatant of anti-IgE stimulated polyp tissues were measured using ELISA. RESULTS: Atopic CRSwNP patients were characterized by increased eosinophil accumulation, enhanced eosinophilic inflammation (elevated IL-5, ECP, and total IgE), and significantly increased GATA-3 mRNA levels (P<0.05), whereas both atopic and non-atopic CRSwNP patients showed decreased FOXP3 mRNA expression (P<0.05). After addition of anti-IgE stimulation, atopic CRSwNP patients produced more IL-5, IL-2, IL-10, IL-17A, and PGD2 in the supernatant of stimulated polyp tissues than nonatopic CRSwNP patients did. CONCLUSIONS: Atopic and nonatopic CRSwNP patients may possess the patterns of inflammatory response in polyp tissues.
China* ; Cytokines ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-17 ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-5 ; Mast Cells ; Nasal Polyps* ; Neutrophils ; Polyps ; Prostaglandin D2 ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Transcription Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of bear bile.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by repeated column HP20 macroporous adsorption resin, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and silica gel as packing materials. The structures were identified on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analysis and by comparison of their spectral data reported.

RESULTNine compounds were identified as 4',7-dihydroxyisoflavone (1), 4',7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyisoflavone (2), 4',6,7-trihydroxyisoflavone (3), 4'-methoxy-7-hydroxyisoflavone (4), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (5), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (6), ursodeoxycholic acid (7), chenodeoxycholic acid (8), cholesterol (9).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-4 were separated from bear bile for the first time.

Ras-associated domain family 1A (RASSF1A) genes are members of the RASSF family, which bind to Ras in a guanosine triphosphate(GTP)-dependent manner and then induce Ras-mediated apoptosis. The protein encoded by the RASSF1A gene is similar to the Ras effector protein, which can interact with DNA repair protein XPA, and can also inhibit the accumulation of cyclin D1, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest. The deletion or abnormal expression of RASSF1A gene is related to the pathogenesis of various malignant tumors, indicating that it has tumor suppressor function. RASSF1A gene methylation has been found in at least 37 tumors, and RASSF1A gene may be the most frequently described methylated gene in human cancers. In this paper, the abnormal methylation of RASSF1A gene in different malignant tumors was introduced, and the research progress of its related effects and mechanisms in malignant tumors of the respiratory system, digestive system, genitourinary system, and nervous system in recent years was reviewed, with a view to malignant tumors early diagnosis, individual molecular targeted therapy and prognostic evaluation provide important guidance.