Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in children.Methods A retrospective review was performed and a total of 69 cases of children epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis were collected and classified into ordinary and fulminant epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis from 1999 to 2011.Disease prevalent season,age,clinical characteristics,laboratory examination,treatment,prognosis and risk factors were analyzed.Results The mean age(33 male and 36 female) was (6.85 ±5.12)years old,ranging from 56 days to 15 years old.A total of 60 cases began on January to May; 6 cases began on June to October; 3 cases began on November to December.All of the 42 cases of ordinary epidemic meningitis were recovered; 7 cases of fulminant epidemic meningitis(n =27) were dead.All of the patients had fever; 64 cases(92.75％) had Petechiae petechial skin; 36 cases(52.17％) had headache; 49 cases(71.01％) vomited; 65 cases(94.2％) had positive neck resistance; 15 cases(21.74％) had convulsion; 35 cases(50.72％) had drowsiness or coma; 32 cases (46.38％) had positive pathological signs and 24 cases (34.78％) had low blood pressure or shock.Blood tests revealed that 63.77％ of the patients leukocytes raised and 8.70％ of the patients reduced; 42.03％ of the patients platelet reduced; 55.07％ of the patients had electrolyte disturbance and 89.86％ of the patients had coagulation disorders,among which 46.38％ fibrinogen reduced.The rash printed piece and cerebrospinal fluid smear tests found that Gram-negative bacteria positive rate were 12.5％ and 19.35％ respectively; the positive rate in bacterial culture of cerebrospinal fluid and blood culture were 12.90％ and 7.25％ respectively.Drug sensitive test showed that penicillin and ceftriaxone were sensitive to bacteria.The differences of age,leukocyte and platelet counts,fibrinogen and altered mental status between ordinary and fluminant epidemic meningitis were significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The prevalent season is from January to May and the prevalent age is less than 5 years for children with epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis.Ceftriaxone or penicillin should be the preferred choice;age,lower leukocyte and platelet counts,lower fibrinogen and altered mental status should be used to predict the severity of the disease.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effects of Distal-Jet appliance on the distalization of maxillary molar.Methods:12 Class Ⅱ malocclusion patients(at the average age of 12.3 years) with mesially moved maxillary molar were treated by Distal-Jet appliance. Cephalometic radiographs and dental models were taken and analyzed before and after molar distalization.Results:The treatment time was (4.3?2.8) months. After treatment following effects were achieved:①The maxillary molar was distalized by (3.6?0.75) mm per side with crown tilting distally by ( 3.5 ?3)?. ②The first premolar was moved mesially by (2.1?1.7) mm (tilting movement). Anterior overjet was increased by (1.47?1.76) mm. ③In the vertical dimension,the maxillary molar was extruded slightly by (0.39? 0.46 ) mm, the first premolar was extruded by (0.43?0.61) mm. ④The width between the central point of first maxillary molar was increased by ( 2.8 ?1.1) mm.Conclusions:The Distal-Jet appliance can distalize maxillary molars effectively. However,it may result in distaly tilting of molars and mesial movement of premolars.

Human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (hTRAIL) might be developed as a novel anti-tumor drug due to its selective cytotoxicity in tumor cells. The predicted Macaca mulatta TRAIL (mmTRAIL) is highly homologous to hTRAIL in nucleotide acid as well as amino acid sequence, suggesting that mmTRAIL might induce apoptosis of human cancer cells. However, the cytotoxicity of mmTRAIL in human cancer cells has not been investigated. In this paper, it is reported that the gene encoding mmTRAIL has been cloned by using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in our laboratory. Subsequently, an expression plasmid was constructed by inserting mmTRAIL gene into pQE30 plasmid. After induction by addition of Isopropyl β-D-1-Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), mmTRAIL was expressed. MmTRAIL was recovered from supernatant of sonicated bacteria by Ni-NTA agarose affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE and gel filtration chromatography demonstrated that mmTRAIL forms trimer in solution. In vitro assays indicated that mmTRAIL was cytotoxic to human COLO205 tumor cells but not to normal cells at low concentration of nanomole. In addition, antitumor effect of mmTRAIL was evaluated in mice bearing human COLO205 tumor xenografts. Intratumorally injected mmTRAIL significantly inhibited growth of tumor grafts. These results suggested that mmTRAIL was valuable as candidate drug for cancer-targeted therapy.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cloning, Molecular ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Macaca mulatta ; Mice ; Plasmids ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; genetics ; metabolism ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Objective To investigate the current status about nursing undergraduate students' knowledge,attitude and practice (KAP)regarding nosocomial infection.Methods The self-administered questionnaires were employed to survey 108 undergraduate nursing students on the basis of a simple random sampling method.Results In the knowledge dimension,the nursing students earned 78.3％ of accuracy rate when responding to the questionnaires.The students also demonstrated positive attitudes towards nosocomial infection and occupational safety,particularly the female students.In terms of practice,the students performed relatively poor as 36.1％ of the students were unclear about the classification of medical garbage and 22.2％ of the students used their non-clean hands to touch their eye-glasses.Conclusions The undergraduate nursing students have demonstrated adequate knowledge and proper attitude towards nosocomial infection and occupational safety,however,some behaviors need to be changed.Nursing schools and hospitals should be aware of these findings and provide more training programs regarding nosocomial infection and occupational safety so that they can help students formulate good habits to prevent and control nosocomial infection.

Objective To explore the seed protein extraction method for Amomum villosum Lour., so as to lay the foundation for the study of differential proteomics of Amomum villosum Lour. during seed dormancy and germination. Methods We used the four kinds of commonly-used protein extraction methods for the experiment, including Tris-HCl extraction method, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) /acetone precipitation method, direct lysis buffer method and improved Tris-saturated phenol method. The obtained proteins were quantified, and then were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) . Results The protein yield was the highest when using direct lysis buffer method, which was mainly composed of small molecule protein. The protein yield was the lowest using Tris/HCl method, characterized by the diffused stripes in SDS-PAGE spectra. The protein yield was moderate using TCA/acetone method and improved Tris-saturated phenol method, and the obtained protein by the TCA/acetone method had less stripes in SDS-PAGE spectra than that by Tris-saturated phenol method, and was characterized by macromolecular protein. Conclusion The combination of direct lysis buffer extraction method and improved Tris-saturated phenol method may provide reference for seed protein extraction method of two-dimensional electrophoresis for Amomum villosum Lour..

Objective To analyse the clinical manifestations of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP) with 23SrRNA A2063G gene mutation,and improve the ability of diagnosis and treatment of patient infected with MPP.Methods MP-DNA was detected by fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR in sputum specimens from 36 children with MPP,then we detected the drug resistance gene mutation sites by nest-PCR and DNA sequencing,on this basis we classified into two groups of macrolide-resistant MP and macrolide-sensitive MP,and compared the clinical manifestations,laboratory findings,chest imagings and treatment between two groups.Results Of these 36 cases of MPP,24 cases had macrolide-resistant gene mutation with an A2063G transition in domain V of the 23SrRNA,12 cases had no macrolide-resistant gene mutation.Compared to macrolide-sensitive MP group,macrolide-resistant MP group had longer hospitalization duration,longer total cough period,longer total febrile period,longer fever duration after macrolide therapy,longer course of disease,and had higher white blood cells counts and CRP.In the macrolide-resistant MP group,the temperature subsided within 5 days after macrolide treatment alone of 12 cases,3 cases needed switch to fluoroquinolones therapy,10 cases combined with glucocorticoids and 6 cases combined with intravenous immunoglobulin,all 24 patients had good outcomes.While in macrolide-sensitive MP group,the temperature susided between 12 hours to 3 days after macrolide treatment of 8 cases.Conclusions Compared to patients infected by macrolide-sensitive MP,those mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia patients with 23SrRNA A2063G gene mutation have longer hospitalization duration,longer total cough period,longer total febrile period,longer fever duration after macrolide therapy,longer course of disease,and have higher white blood cells counts and CRP.Some macrolide-resistant MPP patients have good response to macrolide antibiotics treatment,while the severe cases need combined with glucocorticoids and immunoglobulin,or should change antibiotics.

The neuropeptide orexins, including orexin A and orexin B, are located exclusively in hypothalamus OX1R and OX2R are receptors of orexin. OX1R is selective to orexin A while OX2R is not. The distributions of orexin neurons in human brain are the same as those of rats. Orexin was closely related with sleep and awakening behavior besides regulating the feeding behavior. Orexin-containing terminals are also found in areas modulating sleep and awakening such as the locus ceruleus, tuberomammillary nucleus, dorsal raphe, and the basal forebrain. In those areas, there are also lots of OX1R and OX2R and their precursors. Orexin neurons are extremely active during rapid wave sleep and awakening. If hypothalamus in some areas is destroyed and orexin neurons are reduced, sleep-awakening dysfunction will appear (for instance: narcolepsy).

Objective To determine whether or not 810 nm low power Ga-Al-As laser treatment can stimulate the regeneration of damaged optic nerves by measuring the expression of growth associated protein 43 ( GAP-43 )and flash-visual evoked potential (F-VEP). Methods Eighty-eight Wistar rats weighing (180-220) g were randomly divided into a laser therapy group with 40 rats,an injury group with 32 rats,and a normal control group with 16 rats.Each group was subdivided into 1st,3rd,6th and 9th week subgroups.A standardized crushing of the optic nerve was applied to make the model.After this,the laser therapy group was treated for 3 minutes daily at 60 mW applied transcutaneously to a 5 mm diameter spot on the injured optic nerve.The injury and normal control groups received the same treatment with no laser output.The expression of GAP-43 was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR after 1,3,6 and 9 weeks of treatment.F-VEP was measured pre-injury,immediately after injury and 1,3,6 and 9 weeks post injury. Results After the optic nerve was injured,obvious changes in F-VEP were detected,including significantly prolonged latencies of N1,P1 and N2 waves.The latency increased immediately after the optic nerve injured,and then recovered,but after 1 and 3 weeks the latency was still prolonged.There was significant recovery from the 3rd to the 9th week.In the laser therapy group,the peak latencies of the N1,P1 and N2 waves were also prolonged,but the changes were less than those in the injury group.Expression of GAP-43 was hardly detectable in normal retinas and optic nerves.GAP-43 had its highest expression level at 1 week post-injury,and then decreased.At the 1st,3rd and 6th week post-injury,the expression of GAP-43 in the laser therapy group was significantly higher than in the injury group.GAP-43 mRNA content in the retina showed the same tendency as GAP-43 protein. Conclusion A 810 nm low power Ga-Al-As laser can promote neural repair and axonal regeneration after optic nerve injury.

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible pathogenesis of EB virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 in inducing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsThe mRNA expression levels of LMP1 and apoptosis-related genes bcl-2,bax in SLE patients and healthy controls were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The serum BAFF levels of SLE patients and normal healthy controls were detected by ELISA.2 test was used for positive rate analysis,2-△△Ct method was used for comparing the gene expression level,and Student-Newman-Kqeuls method was used for pair-wise comparison between the means.Results① The positive rate of LMP1 expression in 67 SLE cases was 25％,which was significantly higher than the 11％ in 65 healthy controls (P＜0.05).② The 2-△Ct value of bcl-2 mRNA expression level of SLE patients was 0.0257,1.41 times to that (0.0183) of healthy controls and the difference was statistically significant.③ The 2-△Ct value of bcl-2 mRNA expression level of LMP1 positive SLE patients was 0.0427,1.98 times to that of LMP1 negative SLE patients (0.0217),the difference was statistically significant.④ The serum BAFF levels of LMP1 positive SLE patients,LMP1 negative SLE patients,LMP1 positive healthy controls and LMP 1 negative healthy controls were ( 106± 15 ),(82± 19),( 68±19),(64±17) μg/L,respectively.There were significant differences between serum BAFF levels of LMPl-positive SLE patients and other groups(P＜0.0l ).There were significant difference between serum BAFF levels of LMP1-negative SLE patients and the control groups (P＜0.01).ConclusionEBV may induce and/or promote SLE by LMP1 through apoptosis-related genes bcl-2 expression and induction of B lymphocytes that produce BAFF,all these mechanisms can prolong the infected auto-reactive B lymphocytes survival.

Aim To investigate the changes of serum metabolism after the treatment of DOA and DOO on myocardial ischemia reperfusion ( MI/R ) injury in rats, and to explore the pathogenesis of MI/R injury and drug action mechanism. Method The serum samples of Sham group, Model group, DOA group and DOO group of rats were acquired, gas phase time of flight mass spectrometry ( GC-TOF-MS) was applied to analyze the metabolic profiles of the samples. After da-ta preprocessing, they were processed into SIMCA 14. 1 software for multivariate statistical analysis. Results By principal components analysis ( PCA ) , partial least squares analysis ( PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares analysis ( OPLS-DA ) , the Model group and Sham group were obviously separated, the drug in-tervention group and Model group were separated and close to Sham group. The therapeutic effect of DOO and DOA on MI/R injury in rats was proved. The ex-perimental results identified 13 endogenous biomark-ers, which were related to the glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathway. Con-clusion DOA and DOO may protect the MI/R injured rats by regulating the glucose metabolism, lipid metab-olism and amino acid metabolism pathway.