Objective: To investigate the chemo-sensitivity enhancing effect and its major active mechanism of Shengmai Injection (SMI). Methods: MTT assay was used to determine the chemo-sensitivity enhancing activity of SMI combined with various current- used chemotherapeutic drugs. Flow cytometry was conducted to determine the effect of Epirubicin combined with SMI on the cell cycle distribution and apoptotic cell death, and the mRNA expression level of MDR-1 gene was determined by RT-PCR. Results: SMI (30 μL/mL) combined with gemcitabine, cisplatin, paclitaxel, and Epirubicin exihibited the potent antiproliferative effects on human lung carcinoma A549, gastric carcinoma SGC-7901, breast carcinoma MCF-7, and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cell lines, respectively. SMI showed the most significant enhancing effects on HepG-2 cells in combination with Epirubicin, and the sensitivity of HepG-2 to Epirubicin was increased by 16 fold. Whereas SMI (30 μL/mL) alone did not affect the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of HepG-2 cells, it enhanced the cellular responses when combined with Epirubincin together with a down-regulated mRNA level of MDR-1 gene. Conclusion: SMI combined with the different chemotherapeutic drugs could enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells significantly via down-regulating the mRNA expression level of MDR-1 and the expression of P-glucoprotein with the excretion of drugs.

How to make a surgeon? It's not an easy question to answer for some of the graduates with doctor degree (Ph.D.).Because the lack of systemic training and stringent qualification exams in the filed of surgery in our country,Ph.D.need to improve their clinical ability and also shift their roles when they are entering the world of surgery.In this article,the author would like to discuss the way to help Ph.D.in accelerating their changing process from a Ph.D.to a capable confident surgeon based on the author's personal experience.Ph.D.are suggested to improve themselves in the following ways:study like a humble student,learn how to improve oneself through observation,practice diligently on basic technique skills,be brave in surgical practicing,read and write as much as you can,and last but not least cultivate your professionalism.

After a description of subject service by revealing Nature/Science contents and pushing Information Bulletin of Nature/Science-special issue of medical and life sciences in Library of Nantong University, its utilization was inves-tigated with questionnaire, and some novel ideas were put forward for deepening subject service in libraries.

Objective To explore the early characteristics,risk factors and correct diagnosis procedure of acute pulmonary embolism.Methods The onset,axillary examination and susceptibility of 52 cases of acute pulmonary embolism between Jan 2004 and Dec 2005 were analyzed.Results The early manifestation of acute pulmonary embolism was difficulty in breathing,chest pain,hemota and fatigue.Only 11.5%patients presented all the obove symptomes at the same time.D-dimer＞500μg/L was 100%.Blood gas analysis showed hypoximia in 94.2%,typical SⅠQⅢTⅢin 13.6% on electrocardiograph,pulmonary artery hypertension in 82.5%on ultrasonography,dilated right in 38.5%of all the subjects.The diagnosis rate was 82.7%at the first diagnosis.Lower limb deep vein embolism,chronic cardiac,kidney disease,malignant tumor and periooperation patients were the risk factors.Conclusion Acute pulmonary embolism is specific-free of clincial manifestation,patients with history of vertigo but excluding difficulty in breathing,chest pain,hemato should go proper examination.

Airway remodeling is the result of chronic inflammation, which including airway wall thickening, matrix and collagen deposition, epithelial hyperplasia and fibrosis, smooth proliferation and hypertrophy,fibroblast proliferation, and mucus glands and goblet cell proliferation, micrangium generation and other pathological changes. Airway smooth muscle change is known as the reason of airway hyper - responsiveness and asthma aggravating. There are many factors which can induce airway smooth muscle hypertrophy and proliferation, such as inflammation, cytokines,extracellular matrix and genetic factors. In addition, recent researches reveal the airway smooth muscle is also an important source of inflammation. In this paper the latest opinion of the role of asthma airway smooth muscle in the airway remodeling were elaborated,and inhale hormone earlier was suggested.

The damage of airway epithelial cell in asthma including epithelial cells differentiated into goblet cell, mucous cells metaplasia, which lead to the extracellular matrix increasing, airway walls fibrosis and mucus high secretion. There are many cytokines, growth factors, signal transduction pathways and gene regulating this process.Neuroendocrine cell plays a very important role in the immune adjustment.The repairing process of airway epithelial cells after damaged is a complicated process and affected by many factors.

The approach of photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy for tumor has received more and more attention. But its mechanism is not entirely clear, fortunately, with a lot of basic research and new photosensitizers continuing to emerge, so that the efficacy of this approach is enhanced increasingly. Photo-dynamic combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of hollow organ cancer has achieved good clinical results, but in real organ cancer treatment still requires further research.

Objective To deep understand and explore the real exerience and view of man nurses about nurse profession. Methods 8 nurses from 3 municipal hospitals were interviewed by semi-structured fo-cus interview. Then the data underwent analysis and finishing and the theme was concluded. Rusults The different feelings, conceptions,demands and suggestions from man nurses for nurse profession were got through the procedure of TrianguHation. Conclusions Nursing work needs the attending of man nurses, people should give extensive support on both spirit and government policy, change their concept in order to attract more men to join the nursing staff and adapt to nurse profession better.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and its complications in patients with avaseular necrosis of femoral head (AVNFH) by modified free vascularized fibular grafting. Methods 50 patients(75 hips) with AVNFH ，the disease was caused by trauma in 20 cases(30 hips)，use of steroids in 15cases (23 hips)，consumption of alcohol in 11 cases (16 hips) and especially condition in 4eases (6 hips).Of 75 hips，27 were classified as stage Ⅱ;38 as stageⅢ，10 as stageⅣaccording to Steinberg system; the Harris hip scores were 78.5，65.4 and 57.4 before treatment respectively. Results The duration of the fibular osteotomy was 10 to 35 min( 18 min on average).The duration of the total operation was 80 to 130 min(95 min on average).After operation，Harris hip scores in most cases were improved. According to postoperative X-ray，60 hips ( 80.0% ) were improved to different extents and 13 hips ( 17.3% ) had no significant changes. Deterioration occurred in 2 hips(2.7% ).ConclusionThe modified free vascularized fibular grafting is an effective methods for the treatment in patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head