ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Chinese medicinal application at Yongquan (KI1) on hot flush and sweating brought by using GnRH-ain patients with endometriosis.MethodTotally 120 patients diagnosed with endometriosis of stageⅢ~Ⅳ were randomized into a treatment group and a control group. The control group started to receive GnRH-a(Goserelinum) at 3.6 mg/28 d since post-operational day 3, 4 times in total; the treatment group started to receive GnRH-a(Goserelinum) at 3.6 mg/28 d since post-operational day 3, 4 times in total; at the night of taking GnRH-a, the treatment group was also given Chinese medicinal application at Yongquan, a month as a treatment course, successively for 4 courses.ResultThe side effects of using GnRH-a, including hot flush and sweating, were significantly less in the treatment group than that in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Medicinal application at Yongquan can significantly reduce the side effects including hot flush and sweating brought by using GnRH-ain patients with endometriosis.

Objective To evaluate the CT manifestation of pancreatic carcinoma proved by patholoical results. Methods The patients were supine. Both plain and three-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan were performed. 100 ml of Ominipaque was injected at a rate of 2～4ml/s, with 5~10 mm slice thickness and interval. Results CT scanning clearly showed the direct signs or indirect signs of pancreatic carcinomal, which include: pancreatic mass, obstructive dilatation of the bile duct and pancreatic duct, the visualization of the abnormal large peripancreatic vessels, lymph node metastasis, etc. Conclusion Plain CT scanning shows clearly manifestation of pancreatic carcinomal and the surrounding tissue, and three-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan can clearly display the tiny changes of pancreatic parenchyma. Therefore it is valuable for diagnosis of pancreatic carcinomal.

The article discusses the problems and challenges that will be met in the pathology teaching pratice in English for international students as well as the way to solve the problems.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum interleukin 8(IL-8) level in children with thyroid disfunction and its clinical significance in children with autoimmune thyroid disease(AITD).Method Serum IL-8 of 30 children with hyperthyroidism,16 children with hypotyroidism and 20 health children were detected by double antibody enzyme linked immunossorbent assay(ELISA).Results Serum IL-8 levels in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism children were significantly higher than that in controls(P0.05).With the remission of the diseases, IL-8 levels decreased; there was a significant difference between serum IL-8 levels in patients before and after therapy (P

Objective To evaluate the root canal deviations in vitro teeth curved root with TF and Protaper instru-ments by cone beam computer tomography( CBCT) . Methods 40 teeth in vitro in the standard collection were ran-domly assigned to two groups, prepared with the crown-down method, the TF group ready to 0. 06/#25; the Pro-taper group ready to F2 . CBCT scans were taken to measure the mesial and distal thicknesses of the tube wall in vitro teeth before and after preparation. The root canal deviation and the rate of shaft center were measured with ref-erence to the formula proposed by Gambill. Results The TF group need less time in preparation and has more effi-ciency(P<0. 05) than the Protaper group; both TF and Protaper devices appeared deformation after 5 root canal preparations in average, no instruments broken. Comparing the offset of the internal and external wall of root canal in 3, 5, 7 mm from the apex, the root canal deviation prepared by the TF group was less than the Protaper group, and its rate of axis center was greater than the Protaper group, closer to 1. Conclusion TF can maintain original root canal morphology in preparing curved root canal, also has higher efficiency;under the noninvasive condition, the root canal forming ability of preparation instruments can be evaluated by CBCT.

Objective To construct tissue engineered cartilage with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and allogeneic bone matrix gelatin (BMG). Methods Bone marrow was aspirated and MSCs were separated by consecutive 0.70(70%)(V/V) Percoll gradient centrifugation and fibronectin adhesion. In experimental group, rhTGF-?1 and rhIGF-Ⅰ were applied into DMEM to induce proliferation and chondrogenic transformation, while in control group only DMEM was used. Colony forming efficiency (CFE) of MSCs was calculated, procollagen ?1(Ⅱ)mRNA expression in cells was detected by RT-PCR, hexuronic acid in culture medium was measured by carbazole-sulfuric acid method. Allogeneic bone matrix gelatin (BMG) was prepared by successive defatting and decalcification, observed by scanning electronic microscope. Chondrocyte progenitor cells induced from MSCs were seeded into BMG to construct tissue engineered cartilage. Culture masses were sectioned and stained by Masson's trichrome. Results CFE was 21/106 in experimental group, significantly higher than that of control group, which was 3/106 (u=3.878, P

Background Deficiency of neurotrophic factor is associated with the damage of optic nerve in glaucoma.Reaserches showed that ectopically applied neurotrophic factor has a transient neuroprotective effect in glaucoma model,and the viral expression of adeno-associated neurotrophie factor may provide long-term supplementation of neurotrophic factor and neuroprotection in tissues.Objective The present study Was to investigate the neuroproteetive effect of adeno-associated viral(AAV)-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)on retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)in DBA/2J mice with experimental glaucoma. Methods 10 clean DBA/2J mice were administered intravitreal injection with 1 microliter of AAV-BDNF-GFP in the left eyes at the age of 6 months,and the right eyes were injected with the same volume of saline solution as control.Intraocular pressure (IOP)was measured with Tonolab in the mice every month.Retinas were obtained after 3 months for the investigation of GFP expression in RGCs using fluorescence microscopy.Immunohistochemistry Was performed by applying TUJ1 and Cy3 antibodies to identify surviving RGCs. Results The IOP of DBA/2J mice were 11.90 mmHg and 11.40 mmHg in the right eyes and left eyes,respectively,at 4 months.The IOP of DBA/2J mice began to rise at 5 months and reached its peak in 8 month-old mice.There was no statistically significant difference in IOPs between the right eyes and the left eyes from 4 month-through 9 month-old mice(t=-1.78-0.61,P=0.11-0.90).Three months after intrlavitreal injection of AAV-BDNF-GFP,GFP was positively expressed in RGCs of retinas with the expression rate of 46.33%±8.08%.The over-expression of BDNF led to more RGCs survival than the control eyes (3168.13±1319.33/mm2 vs 2024.81±796.38/mm2,t=2.75,P=0.02). Conclusion These data suggest that BDNF can exert a protective effect in DBA/2J glaucoma mice.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of the free-hand cervical pedicle screw fixation in treatment of the upper cervical fracture and instability.Methods A retrospective review was performed on 15 patients with upper cervical fracture and instability treated with cervical pedicle screw fixation and fusion from September 2006 to January 2009.There were 11 males and 4 females,at average age of 41.2 years(range,18-60 years).Of all,there were five patients with atlas fracture and dislocation(including three simple anterior arch fractures and two Jefferson fractures),three with axis fracture and dislocation,one with dens fractures plus nonunion,two with C2,3 fracture and dislocation and four with atlantoaxial instability without fracture.The main clinical complaints included local neck pain and/or tetraplegia.Halo traction was recommended to restore the cervical sequence preoperatively in all patients.All 15 patients were treated by cervical pedicle screw-rods internal fixation and bone graft fusion.During the operation,the point and angle of the implanted pedicle screws were determined by preoperative X-ray and CT scan and the bony channel drilled with free-hand before implantation of the Summit or Vertex pedicle screws(22-26 mm long)and posterior interlaminar autologous or allogeneic bone fusion.Patients could get out of bed with neck collar at days 1-2 after operation.Results A total of 64 cervical pedicle screws were implanted in all 15 patients,with no vertebral artery injury,spinal cord injury or cerebrospinal fluid leakage.Postoperative X-ray and CT scan confirmed satisfactory internal fixation.The clinical symptoms were improved significantly.Fourteen patients were followed up for 12-36 months,which showed bony fusion,with no looseness or breakage of the screws.Neurologic impairment was improved in all patients,with no complications associated with the cervical pedicle screw.Conclusions Cervical pedicle screw internal fixation can reestablish the upper cervical vertebrae stability and help to recover the spinal cord and nerve function and hence is a reliable method for upper cervical fracture and/or instability.

BACKGROUND: The biliary stents commonly used in clinic are made of plastics and metal, both of which have some irresolvable defects. New type of material characterizing by great biocompatibility and degradation for the making of biliary stents needs to be found and studied.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biodegradation law and the change in radical force of five different mole-ratios of biliary stents made of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) in human bile in vitro.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A Completely random design was performed at the Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University between July and December 2006.MATERIALS: Five different mole-ratios of PLGA hiliary stents (90L/10G, 80L/20G, 70L/30G, 60L/40G, and 50L/50G) were provided by Dalgang Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan; Human fresh bile was obtained from the patients who underwent external drainage of bile in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University.METHODS: Thirty-two PLGA biliary stents of each proportion were respectively divided into eight groups, with four stents in each group. All of them were independently submerged into test tubes with 10 mL fresh human bile which were then placed in constant temperature oscillator. The temperature was set at 37 ℃. The bile was changed every day. After incubated for one week to eight weeks, the PLGA biliary stents were respectively taken out of test tubes from the first to the eighth group each week. They were washed with distilled water and dried in calorstat for 24 hours.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Gross morphology, color and integrality of PLGA stents; ② Scanning electron microscope; ③ the mass and the radical force of PLGA stents.RESULTS: ① Five different mole-ratios of PLGA stents followed a similar changing law as to gross morphology: stents remained intact → stents became soft → the surface ofstents became coarse and cracked → stents collapsed → stents were degraded into pieces → stents were completely degraded. ② Before degradation: limpid stereo reticular structure of PLGA; One week after degradation: PLGA was corroded and the reticular structure was decreased; Three weeks after degradation: airspace was gradually disappeared and the reticular structure was further decreased; Five weeks after degradation: airspace and the reticular structure were completely damaged, which was in an indefinite form. ③ The mass loss of each proportion of PLGA stents gradually speeded up along with the time extension. Furthermore, with the content of PGA increasing, the mass loss of the stents became faster. The initial radical force was different among five different mole-ratios of hiliary stents. With the content of PLA increasing, the radical force of the stents became stronger.CONCLUSION: The material of PLGA possesses adjustable biodegradation and good mechanical feature, so it is suitable for preparation of biliary stents.

AIM:To investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharides(LPS)preconditioning on CCl4-induced liver injury and the change of LPS signal transduction.METHODS:The male Wistar rats were divided randomly into liver-injury group,which were injected with CCl4 5 mL/kg first,three days later were injected 0.3 mL 40% CCl4 and 60% olive oil. Animals in LPS preconditioning group were injected with LPS 0.5 mg/kg before the day CCl4 was given. Rats received high fat diet were as liver injury group,and normal control group received normal diet. The lymphocytes infiltrated in the liver tissue were counted. The endotoxin and ALT level in rat plasma,TNF-? content and expressions of TLR4,p38,p-p38,I??,NF-?? in the rat livers were also determined.RESULTS:The lymphocytes in liver slice and ALT level of the plasma in LPS preconditioning group were lower significantly than those in the liver injury group,and the expressions of TLR4,p-p38,NF-?? in the liver were the same. In contrast,the expression of I?? was higher.CONCLUSION:LPS preconditioning relieves obviously CCl4-induced chronic liver injury. The mechanism may be associated with change of signal transduction of LPS,which results in decrease of pre-inflammatory cytokines.