Changhai hospital begins to practice resident standardization training.This article introduced the basic instance of it, analyzed and summarized the experiences and problems in the process.At last we give some advices to improve the job of resident standardization training.

In order to improve the accuracy of blood pressure measurement in wearable devices, this paper presents a method for detecting blood pressure based on multiple parameters of pulse wave. Based on regression analysis between blood pressure and the characteristic parameters of pulse wave, such as the pulse wave transit time (PWTT), cardiac output, coefficient of pulse wave, the average slope of the ascending branch, heart rate, etc. we established a model to calculate blood pressure. For overcoming the application deficiencies caused by measuring ECG in wearable device, such as replacing electrodes and ECG lead sets which are not convenient, we calculated the PWTT with heart sound as reference (PWTT(PCG)). We experimentally verified the detection of blood pressure based on PWTT(PCG) and based on multiple parameters of pulse wave. The experiment results showed that it was feasible to calculate the PWTT from PWTT(PCG). The mean measurement error of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure calculated by the model based on multiple parameters of pulse wave is 1.62 mm Hg and 1.12 mm Hg, increased by 57% and 53% compared to those of the model based on simple parameter. This method has more measurement accuracy.
Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Cardiac Output ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Heart Sounds ; Humans ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Regression Analysis

OBJECTIVE:To assess the stability of the quality control of FPIA for monitoring of CsA and MEIA for monitoring of FK506.METHODS:The quality control on the blood samples of patients receiving therapeutic drug monitoring of CsA and FK506 from June to August in 2007 were subjected to a continual assessment and analysis to investigate the stability and accuracy of the quality control.RESULTS:The mean recoveries of the low,middle and high concentrations of CsA and FK506 were 93.14%～97.65% and 97.70%～103.09% respectively,with RSD at 4.41%～5.37% and 10.44%～14.23% respectively,which accorded with the requirement for biological sample determination stated in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.CONCLUSION:The methods of FPIA for monitoring of CsA and MEIA for monitoring of FK506 were accurate,and worth to be applied in clinical to guide individualized medication.

Background Hypoxia is an important cause resulting in many retinal diseases,such as retinal edema,diabetic retinopathy,proliferative retinopathy and so on.ObjectiveThis study is to investigate the effects of hypoxia on the expression of AQP-4 in Müller cells in vitro.MethodsMüller cells were isolated from New Zealand white rabbits and primarily cultured in DMEM containing 20% fetal bovine serum by the explant culture method.The cells were identified by immunostaining for the glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP).Generation 2 of cells was cultivated with the chemical hypoxia inducer,CoCl_2,for 24 hours in the hypoxic group and only with DMEM in the control group.The expression of the AQP-4 protein in Müller cells was detected by immunocytochemistry.The expression of AQP-4 mRNA was determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).ResultsAbout 90% of Müller cells(generation 2) presented a positive immunoreactivity for GFAP,showing a brown staining in the cytoplasm.Cultured cells displayed the presence of intermediate filaments,microvillus and various cellular organs.The Integralabsorbance of the AQP-4 protein in Müller cells was markedly increased 24 hours after incubation with CoCl_2 in comparison with the control group (t=6.74,P＜0.05).The expression level of AQP-4 mRNA in Müller cells was significantly enhanced 24 hours after incubation with CoCl_2 in comparison with the control group (t=21.79,P＜0.05). ConclusionHypoxia enchances the expression of AQP-4 in Müller cells and further increases fluid accumulation in the retina.These results suggest that Müller cells play an important role in the formation of retinal edema in diabetic retinopathy or proliferative retinopathy.

Objective:To investigate the impact of Puerarin on oxidative stress in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD).Methods: Thirty-eight patients CAPD were randomly divided into two groups,an experimental group(n=19) receiving peritoneal dialysis fluid containing Puerarin(50 mg/2L) in vivo for two weeks and a control group(n=19) receiving dialysis fluid without Puerarin.The concentrations of oxidative stress markers in the serum and effluent such as glutathione(GSH),total-superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),Kt/V and creatinine clearance rate of the two groups(Ccr) were measured and compared before and after the treatment.Results: After the treatment,the concentrations of GSH and T-SOD in the serum and effluent were significantly higher(P

Objective:To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) in papillary thyroid carcinoma and their relationship to cervical lymph metastases.Method:In this study, the expressions of COX-2 and VEGF-C were examined by immunohistochemistry in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues of 40 patients, and analysis was performed on the correlation of cervical lymph metastases with COX-2 and VEGF-C expression.Result:Positive expressions of COX-2 and VEGF-C were 70.0%(28/40)and 75.0%(30/40)respectively in papillary thyroid carcinoma. The positive rates of COX-2 and VEGF-C expression were 80.8%(21/26)and 84.6%(22/26)respectively in patients with cervical lymph metastases, and 50.0%(7/14)and 57.1%(8/14)respectively in patients without cervical lymph metastases, with a statistically significant difference between two groups(P<0.05, all). COX-2 was positively correlated to VEGF-C expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma(r=0.378, P<0.05).Conclusion:The results suggest that COX-2 and VEGF-C were highly expressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma, with possible interaction of their expressions, and may play a critical role in the cervical lymph metastases of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Objective To investigate prevalence of chronic diseases, and the awareness & attitudes, and the health demand of residents aged ≥18 yrs in Shanghai communities. Methods 2 320 residents aged over 18 yrs were selected from 19 communities by multiple stage cluster sampling and questioned by face to face survey. Results The standardized self-reported prevalence rate of whole chronic diseases was 28.4%, hypertension was 21.8%, osteoporosis was 7.0%, diabetes mellitus was 6.3%, respectively, which were ranked the top three. The awareness of the hypertension and diabetes mellitus were accounted to 89.3% and 86.0%. The demands for the convenient and comfortable clinical environment in residents accounted to 80.6%. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases in Shanghai was high. It's suggested to enhance the control and prevention of chronic diseases, particularly on hypertension, and to do more health education in suburbs.

Objective To observe the expression of MTA1 and ER in breast cancer,the correlation of the two factors and with the invasive capability of breast cancer.Methods The expression of MTA1 and ER in normal breast,precancerous lesions and breast cancer tissues was detected by using nucleic acid hybridization in situ(ISH) and immunocytochemistry(IHC) methods,and their correlation was analyzed by Spearman method.ResultsThe expression of MTA1 and ER was higher in ISH than in IHC.The mRNA expression of MTA1 in normal breast tissue,precancerous lesions and breast cancer tissne was 12.2%,33.3%,and 81.1% respectively,and the expression by IHC was 11.1%,31.1% and 72.2% respectively.The mRNA expression of ER in normal breast tissue,precancerous lesions and breast cancer tissue was 83.3%,61.1% and 37.8%,respectively,and the expression by IHC was70.9%,56.7% and 35.6% respectively.The positive expression of MTA1 was higher in ER-negative patients than that in ER-positive ones(86.2﹪vs.46.9﹪).ConclusionsCombined ISH and IHC detection can improve the detection rate of MTA1 and ER.With advancement of the disease and lowering of tumor differentiation,the expression of MTA1 gradually increases,while expression of ER decreases and even disappears.The expression of MTA1 is negative in relation to that of ER(the coefficient is-0.466).MTA1and ER could be important molecular markers for the prognosis and therapy of breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADR) caused by quinolones in our hospital and to promote their rational use in clinic. METHODS: By a retrospective review,a total of 199 quinolones-induced ADR cases collected from May 2004 to December 2007 in our hospital were analyzed statistically in respect of patients' gender and age,drug species involved,past ADR history,route of administration,clinic manifestations,etc. RESULTS: A total of 9 kinds of quinolones involved in the 199 ADR cases,of which,118 cases were induced by levofloxacin,16.1% had past ADR history,93.5% of the ADR cases were induced via intravenous drip,and most common presentations of the ADR were lesions of skin and its appendants as well as digestive system. There were 7 serious ADR cases. CONCLUSION: The indications of quinolones should be controlled strictly,which should be preferably administered orally and monitoring of its administration should be emphasized in clinical practice to decrease and avoid the occurrence of ADR.

Repaglinide is one of the most commonly used oral antidiabetic drugs. It can lower postprandial plasma glucose by means of initiating early-phase insulin release through closing the ATP-dependent potassium channels. Phamacogenomics is a branch of genetics which deals with the genetic variability in individual responses to drugs and drug metabolism. The progress of phamacogenomic study on repaglinide is summarized in this article.