Diabetes mellitus belongs to metabolic disorder.Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus with the prevalence of 24％-70％.It severely affects the quality of life.DR is bound to a serious problem of public health along with a dramatic aging population and a growing crowd with diabetic mellitus.Even though various pathogenesis of DR have been identified,such as vascular pathological changes,neuronal degeneration,inflammatory lesions,its mechanism remains mystery.A lot of drugs for DR have been developed basing on different pathogenesis mechanisms.Current researches on animal models and pharmacology for DR were reviewed.

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) related lung injury is the most common complication in cardiac surgery .Ischemia reperfusion injury and systemic inflammatory reaction may be the important causes of CPB -related lung injury , but the specific mecha-nism is still to be elucidated.In recent years, apoptosis is paid increasing attention in the pathogenesis of CPB .Therefore, cell apopto-sis has been a hot spot in the research of CPB related lung injury .This article summarizes the latest researches on the characteristics , reasons and mechanisms of CPB-related pneumonocyte apoptosis .

The pathogenesis-related genes of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) has became a hot spot in the whole world.The common genetic mutations in MDS include epigenetic regulator mutations (TET2,ASXL1,DNMT3A),RNA splicing mutations (SF3B1,SRSF2,U2AF1,ZRSR2),signal transduction regulators (NRAS,JAK2),transcription factors mutations (RUNX1,TP53) and so on.Each mutation plays an important role in the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of MDS and is closely related with clinical phenotype,efficacy and prognosis.Further study of the molecular pathogenesis of MDS-related genes can promote exploring the mechanisms and new therapeutic strategies for MDS.

Objective:To investigate the expression of DDR1a and the activities of MMP2,MMP9 in colon carcinoma cells and their mutual relations.Methods:The expression of DDR1a in colon carcinoma cell and human colon smooth muscle cell was detected by Western blot,the activities of MMP2,MMP9 were examined by gelatin zymography analysis.Results:The expression of DDR1a and the activities of MMP2,MMP9 in colon carcinoma cell(LOVO)which has stronger invasive behavior were significant higher(P

8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in human urine is a marker reflecting oxidative stress and DNA oxidative damage. People spend 80%-90% of their life indoors; therefore, indoor air quality is directly related to human health. In this paper, the urinary 8-OHdG levels were presented in populations grouped by different demographic characteristics, lifestyle, occupational exposure, and health status, and elucidated indoor pollutants affecting human urinary 8-OHdG level, such as pollutants from outdoor sources, smoking, indoor combustion and cooking fumes, the chemicals in interior decoration materials, and building foundation soils. The article aims to provide a theoretical basis for predicting the impact of indoor air pollution on human health (DNA oxidative damage and related diseases) by measuring the concentration of 8-OHdG in human urine.

Patients replanted severed finger generally have negative emotion after operation. Negative mood could induce vascular crisis and reduce survival of replanting finger. This paper reviewed the studies on negative emotion and psychological intervention in patients after digit replantation in various stages post-operation, and prospected the future.

Objective To investigate the resilience of primary caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and explore the influencing factors. Methods General information questionnaire and Cornor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) were used in the survey among 173 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy as well as their primary caregivers. Results The score of resilience of primary caregivers was (70.76 ±13.34), at middle or above level. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that caregivers'resilience was affected by gender, age, family income and religious belief (all P<0.05). Conclusion The resilience among primary caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy is at a relatively high level. Clinically, we should pay more attention to female and young patients with lower family income and no religious beliefs.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and its treatment by integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine. METHODS: 16 PBC patients were observed. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was used in the dose of 13 to 15 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), with some traditional Chinese herb prescription. Results (1) The proportion of women to men was 15:1, the mean age was 52.5 years. AMA-M2 was positive in 14 subjects (87.5%). Biliary tract enzymes and ESR were elevated in all subjects. The ratio of hypercholesterolemia (CHOL) and abnormality in IgM was high (62.5%). Fatigue, pruritus, arthralgia, jaundice, splenomegaly were noted in more than half cases. Every patient had one to four complications. (2) ALP, GGT and Glb declined evidently after 3 months' treatment by western medicine associated with traditional Chinese medicine, and declined markedly after 12 months' treatment (P<0.05 respectively). TBIL and CHOL declined gradually during the treatment course. Symptoms and signs were lightened. CONCLUSION: PBC has complicated and especial clinical features. UDCA therapy is effective in PBC, while traditional Chinese medicine has extraordinary effect in treating the symptoms and signs.

With the development of assisted reproductive technology , it brings the gospel to many infertility families , and it makes a new challenge to the moral and legal at the same time .Ministry of Health issued the notice on carrying out the special action to manage assisted reproductive technology .By thinking about the ethical and le-gal issues, this paper tried to explore a new response mode to advance the development of assisted reproductive technology and to ensure social harmony and stability .

Objective To investigate graduating nursing students′expected pressure, stress levels, nursing identification degree and their influence factors, provide a reference for hospitals and schools to enact measures to reduce pressure and improve nursing identification degree. Methods It was a cross-sectional survey. Three hundred and sixty- one graduating nursing students were selected and investigated by graduating nursing students′expected work pressure and expected resources before starting a career. Results Graduating nursing students′expected stress score was (2.13±0.53) points, nursing identification degree score was (2.57±0.57) points and they were both at median level and effected by several personal internal and external factors. Nursing students expected getting help from hospitals, schools and interpersonal aspects before starting a career. Conclusions Excepted stress and nursing identification degree are influenced by kinds of factors. Hospitals and schools should know about their expected requirements and enact measures to reduce pressure and improve nursing identification degree in time to keep nursing talent.