The medical humanistic spirit is very important,but it has been seriously neglected.It is the key to educate medical students with accomplishment of medical humanistic spirit.And it is also necessary to renew the concept of courses,making the relation between the courses of medical humanitic spirit and specialized profession.The Medical College of Shantou University has practised effectively.

CBS(Case Based Study)is a new teaching method,which is based on the case given.It requires students to answer questions according to the case. In the teaching,the students who are divided into groups,seek for resolvent by themselves. They should combine the information provided in the case,find the key answer and the relationship.The students gain the knowledge by reviewing and studying in the textbook,then analyse and solve questions with them. The application of CBS could make knowledge more relatively and systematic, moreover,it also make study more actively and initiatively.

PBL(Problem-Based Learning, PBL) is a problem-oriented and effective supplementary teaching method. PBL is giving a great help to improve self-learning, communication and cooperation, thinking and problems solving abilities for the students. In the process of PBL teaching, attention should be paid to two important items. One item is the role transfer for the teacher. Teacher is only a guider in PBL teaching, teacher should avoid excessive interfere of the process for keeping the passion and enthusiasm of the students. Meanwhile, students should always be realized that they are the main part in PBL teaching, they should not depend on their teacher too much. Another important item is how to find and solve the frequently encountered problems, in order to avoid students wandering from the subject, and lead them toward the main goal to get effective teaching and learning.

COVID-19 epidemic continues to spread around the world till these days, and it is urgent to develop more safe and effective new drugs. Due to the limited P3 biosafety laboratories for directly screening inhibitors of virulent viruses with high infectivity, it is necessary to develop rapid and efficient screening methods for viral proteases and other related targets. The main protease (M^pro), which plays a key role in the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2, is highly conserved and has no homologous proteases in humans, making it an ideal target for drug development. From two different levels, namely, molecular level and cellular level, this paper summarizes the reported screening methods of SARS-CoV-2 M^pro inhibitors through a variety of representative examples, expecting to provide references for further development of SARS-CoV-2 M^pro inhibitors.

As a common protease with high similarity among coronavirus species, the main protease (M^pro) of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the catalytic hydrolysis of viral precursor proteins into functional proteins, which is essential for coronavirus replication and is one of the ideal targets for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. This paper reviews the main protease inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2, including their molecular structures, potencies and drug-like profiles, binding modes and structure-activity relationships, etc.

Objective To explore epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC)antigens that are potentially useful for cancer early detection and therapy.Methods A high quality cDNA library derived from ascites tumor cells of EOC patients(3 cases of serous EOC,1 case of mucinous EOC,and 1 case of endometrial carcinoma of ovary)was constructed,and the method of combining serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression libraries(SEREX)and suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH)was used for screening cDNA library.All of the positive clones were sequenced and bioinformatics analysis with BLAST software in GenBank was performed.Serological mini-arrays of recombinant tumor antigens(SMARTA)was used to investigate the prevalence of autoantibodies to these antigens in both 96 ovarian cancer patients and 96 cancer-free controls.Results Fifty-five positive clones encoding different antigenic genes of EOC recognized by IgG and(or)IgM were obtained.It showed that these 55 clones derived from 45 distinct genes and these genes could be grouped into 6 classes as following according to homology with known expressed sequence tag(EST):(1)known ovarian carcinoma related genes:BARD1,et al;(2)homologous genes with other tumors:TM4SF1,et al;(3)homologous genes with special tissues:ILF3,FXR1,et al;(4) homologous genes with special function:TIZ,C1 D,et al;(5)embryo originating genes:PKHD1,et al; (6)novel genes:OV-189,et al.SMARTA results showed that the positive ratio of five EOC antigens TM4SF1(28% vs 9%),CID(21% vs 6%),BARD1(23% vs 5%),FXR1(23% vs 8%),OV-189 (31% vs 13%)which reacting with their IgG autoantibodies,three antigens TIZ(26% vs 8%),FXR1 (28% vs 11%),and OV-189(18% vs 7%)which reacting with their IgM autoantibodies in patients was higher than in controls(P

BACKGROUNDGreen tea is an important source of flavonoids in human diets and epidemiological data correlate green tea consumption with a reduced cancer risk. Given its complicated properties at effective concentrations, we put epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) that previously reported on its anti-proliferative activities against several cancer cell lines on our research agenda to further examine the mechanism of its chemopreventive potential.

METHODSRNA interference (RNAi) expression vector pSilencer 3.1-H1 was used to construct recombinant nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)-targeting RNAi plasmids. EGCG (5 microg/ml) was added into the culture fluid of cells before and after transfection. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A in cells. Forty male BALB/c mice were assigned to four groups: a normal unexposed control and three groups treated with varying doses of EGCG. Four weeks later, the mice were sacrificed, and their colon tissues were subjected to mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 and UGT1A via RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis.

RESULTSEGCG up-regulated the expression of Nrf2 and increased the level of UGT1A in cells. The blockade of Nrf2 activity via RNA intervention largely attenuated the induction of UGT1A expression by EGCG. In mice, the mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 and UGT1A detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting increased (both P < 0.05 compared with the control). This increase in Nrf2 expression also had a positive correlation with an increased UGT1A expression.

CONCLUSIONSEGCG mediated its effect in part by inducing the NRF2 signaling pathway and increasing UGT1A expression. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the role of NRF2 and UGT1A expression in the potential use of EGCG as a possible chemopreventive agent and supported further study of EGCG for cancer treatment.

Animals ; Anticarcinogenic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Blotting, Western ; Caco-2 Cells ; Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Colonic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Glucuronosyltransferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo formulate the seed quality grading standard of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

METHODThousand-grain weight, seed moisture, germination rate, purity of G. uralensis seed samples from 24 regions were tested. Through statistical analysis, the key indicator and the reference indicators for seed quality grading were defined.

RESULTGermination percentage was the primary indicator of seed quality grading, thousand-grain weight, cleanliness and moisture content were important reference indicators.

CONCLUSIONThe seed quality of each grade should reach the following requirements: for first grade seeds, germination percentage > or = 85% , purity > or = 92%, thousand-grain weight > or = 13 g, seed moisture < or = 11%; for second grade seeds, germination percentage 75%-85%, purity 83%-92%, thousand-grain weight 11-13 g, seed moisture < or = 11%; for third grade seeds, germination percentage 65%-75%, purity 74%-83%, thousand-grain weight 9-11 g, seed moisture < or = 11%.

Germination ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; chemistry ; classification ; physiology ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; chemistry ; classification ; physiology

Objective To study on the effects of Cinnamic aldehyde on leukemia cell line K562 by Caco -2 cells in vitro absorption model.Methods The effective components of cinnamon(0,50,100,200,400, 600,800,1000 μg· mL-1 ) were determined by Caco-2 cell model of Transwell, and the concentration was determined by HPLC.No cytotoxic concentration range of Cinnamic aldehyde acting on K562 cells for 72 h is detected by MTT assay.After 72 h incubation of Cinnamic aldehyde standard(50,75 μg· mL-1 ) and leukemia K562 cells, the cells surface antigens including CD235a, CD36, CD41, CD61, CD13, CD33 and CD14 were determined by Flow cytometry.Results The active ingredi-ent of cinnamon is extracted by transwell transport pool of Caco-2 cell model and no cytotoxic concentration is 200 μg · mL-1.The cinnamicaldehyde is the component which goes through the model by HPLC.The 24 h inhibition rates ( IRs ) of Cinnamic aldehyde on K562 cells are (25.29 ±0.97)%and (36.60 ±0.18)%at the concentrations of 50 and 75 μg· mL-1 , respectively;IRs for 48 h are ( 48.23 ±0.63 )% and ( 57.15 ±0.58 )%; IRs for 72 h are ( 58.23 ±0.63 )% and (57.15 ±0.58)%.Compared with the control group, the inhibitory activity is obvious(P<0.05).After incubation 72 h, the expressions of myeloid differentiation phenotypes including CD13, CD33, CD36 on K562 cells are (0.33 ±0.21)%, ( 32.89 ±0.19 )%, ( 7.73 ±0.57 )% and ( 0.72 ±0.43 )%, ( 38.80 ±0.03 )%, (10.90 ±0.82)%at the concentrations of 50 and 75 μg· mL-1 , respectively.Compared with the control group, the inhibition increased ( P <0.05 ).The phenotypic expressions of erythroid differentiation are ( 52.38 ±0.65 )%, (57.48 ±0.70)%.Compared with the control group, the inhibition increased( P<0.05).Megakaryocyte differentia-ted phenotype CD41, CD61 expression has no significant change ( P >0.05 ).Conclusion The Cinnamic aldehyde can go through the Caco-2 in vitro absorption model and enables the K562 cells to differentiate into myeloid and erythroid.

OBJECTIVETo study the technical feasibility of QAMS to determine different structural types of ingredients in Zhizi Jinhua pill, a Chinese patent medicine.

METHODEmodin was chosen as the internal reference substance. The relative correction factors (RCF) of berberine, baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, aloe-emodin, wogonin, rhein, chrysophanol and physcion to emodin were calculated with the peak areas determined at 254 nm. The ruggedness of these RCFs was validated. The contents of emodin in the samples of Zhizi Jinhua pill were determined by using the external standard method, and the contents of the other nine ingredients were calculated by their RCFs. The contents of these ten ingredients in all samples were also determined by the external standard method.

RESULTNo significant differences were observed between the quantitative results of the two methods. The obtained RCFs were credible.

CONCLUSIONThe established QAMS method can be used for quantitative determination of different structural types of multi-compounds in Zhizi Jinhua pill. It can provide reference for the quality control of Chinese patent medicine.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Dosage Forms ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Quality Control