Since the first successful transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) was performed globally in 2002, the TAVR technology has become increasingly mature. With more than a decade of development in China, its application experience, device research and development, procedural improvements, evidence-based medicine, and guideline updates have continuously progressed, leading to a significant increase in the number of procedures conducted. Compared to traditional surgical operations, TAVR has different postoperative monitoring points and principles for the prevention and management of complications, necessitating the formulation of corresponding monitoring and treatment protocols that align with the technical characteristics of the procedure. This guideline is based on clinical practice and incorporates both domestic and international literature as well as the experiences of Fuwai Hospital. It distills and organizes routine postoperative monitoring practices, process optimization, and complication management for TAVR, establishing a set of practical guidelines for postoperative monitoring in China. These guidelines have strong practical value for optimizing postoperative management strategies and preventing and managing complications, which is beneficial for early functional recovery of patients, shortening hospital stays, and reducing complication rates. They provide guidance and reference for domestic peers and support the standardized development and quality improvement of postoperative management for TAVR in China.

Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 80%-85% of all lung cancer cases. Despite the clinical benefits of traditional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, challenges such as the high rate of postoperative recurrence and resistance of some patients to chemotherapy and targeted therapies limit their effectiveness, necessitating the exploration of more effective treatment options. In recent years, immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs), has revolutionized NSCLC treatment and significantly improved the survival prognosis of some patients. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy is limited by tumor immune escape, drug resistance, and immune-related adverse events(irAEs), which have not been effectively addressed. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), as a traditional therapeutic approach, has shown unique advantages in NSCLC treatment, with studies indicating its ability to enhance immune responses, regulate immune checkpoints, and improve the tumor microenvironment(TME), thus boosting the efficacy of immunotherapy. Additionally, the multi-target and multi-pathway effects of TCM help mitigate the side effects of immunotherapy, further improving efficacy and safety. This review summarizes the latest research progress of TCM in NSCLC immunotherapy, focusing on the research results of TCM in enhancing the effect of immunotherapy by regulating immune cells, optimizing the immune microenvironment, and being applied with ICIs, etc. The latest research progress of TCM in alleviating irAEs is also elucidated. The aim is to provide theoretical support for the clinical application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of NSCLC and the research and development of new drugs and promote the optimization and development of combined immunotherapy and TCM treatment models.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy* ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy* ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Animals ; Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects*

BACKGROUND:Disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)is associated with increased mortality in sepsis patients.In this study,we aimed to assess the clinical ability of sepsis-induced coagulopathy(SIC)and sepsis-associated coagulopathy(SAC)criteria in identifying overt-DIC and pre-DIC status in sepsis patients. METHODS:Data from 419 sepsis patients were retrospectively collected from July 2018 to December 2022.The performances of the SIC and SAC were assessed to identify overt-DIC on days 1,3,7,or 14.The SIC status or SIC score on day 1,the SAC status or SAC score on day 1,and the sum of the SIC or SAC scores on days 1 and 3 were compared in terms of their ability to identify pre-DIC.The SIC or SAC status on day 1 was evaluated as a pre-DIC indicator for anticoagulant initiation. RESULTS:On day 1,the incidences of coagulopathy according to overt-DIC,SIC and SAC criteria were 11.7％,22.0％and 31.5％,respectively.The specificity of SIC for identifying overt-DIC was significantly higher than that of the SAC criteria from day 1 to day 14(P＜0.05).On day 1,the SIC score with a cut-off value＞3 had a significantly higher sensitivity(72.00％)and area under the curve(AUC)(0.69)in identifying pre-DIC than did the SIC or SAC status(sensitivity:SIC status 44.00％,SAC status 52.00％;AUC:SIC status 0.62,SAC status 0.61).The sum of the SIC scores on days 1 and 3 had a higher AUC value for identifying the pre-DIC state than that of SAC(0.79 vs.0.69,P＜0.001).Favorable effects of anticoagulant therapy were observed in SIC(adjusted hazard ratio[HR]=0.216,95％confidence interval[95％CI]:0.060-0.783,P=0.018)and SAC(adjusted HR=0.146,95％CI:0.041-0.513,P=0.003). CONCLUSION:The SIC and SAC seem to be valuable for predicting overt-DIC.The sum of SIC scores on days 1 and 3 has the potential to help identify pre-DIC.

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacological substance basis of Shaoyao gancao decoction for relieving acute and chronic pain. METHODS The antispasmodic effect of Shaoyao gancao decoction， ethyl acetate extract of Shaoyao gancao decoction and its effluent part of macroporous resin and 90% ethanol elution part of macroporous resin （the concentration of 4 drugs was 13.44 g/mL according to crude drug） was observed by in vitro small intestine tension test in rats. The acetic acid writhing test was conducted in mice to evaluate the analgesic effects of macroporous resin efflux site and macroporous resin 90% ethanol elution site （the dosage of 2.4 g/kg according to crude drug）. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL- 1β）， prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） and cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） in serum of mice were detected. The serum prototype and metabolites of mice after intragastric administration of macroporous resin 90% ethanol elution site were identified by high performance liquid chromatogre-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS In vitro experiment showed that 90% ethanol eluting part of macroporous resin represented the best antispasmodic effect， and the inhibitory rate of small intestine tension was significantly higher than macroporous resin efflux site of Shaoyao gancao decoction （P＜0.05） without statistical significance， compared with Shaoyao gancao decoction （P＞0.05）. In the acetic acid writhing experiment， compared with model group， the writhing times of mice in the macroporous resin 90% ethanol elution part group were reduced significantly （P＜0.05）， the writhing latency was prolonged significantly （P＜0.05）， and the levels of COX-2， IL-1β， PGE2 and TNF-α in serum were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Ten kinds of protoproducts including paeoniflorin and glycyrrhizic acid were identified from serum of mice， and twenty-two kinds of metabolites including hydroxylated glycyrrhizin and glucosylated liquiritin were identified. CONCLUSIONS The effective part of Shaoyao gancao decoction for relieving acute and chronic pain is 90% ethanol elution part prepared by macroporous resin from the ethyl acetate extract. Ten components， including glycyrrhetinic acid and paeoniflorin， may be the basis of its pharmacological substances.

Tiepishihu(Dendrobii officinalis Caulis)is a medicinal and food source herbal medicine with the effect of benefiting stomach and promoting fluid,nourishing Yin and clearing heat.It has rich chemical components and pharmacological activities,with anti-inflammatory,anti-bacterial,anti-oxidation,anti-tumor,immunomodulatory,blood press regulation,hypoglycemic effects.It is not only used as medicinal food and health care products,but also widely used in medicine,such as Shihu Yeguang Wan,Compound fresh dendrobium granules and other drugs,with high medicinal and economic value.This paper summarized the resource distribution,chemical composition,pharmacological activities,and medicine and food of Dendrobii officinalis Caulis,and analyzed its application status,laying a theoretical foundation for the sustainable development,medicinal and food homologous development and comprehensive utilization of Dendrobii officinalis Caulis.

Objective:To study the application of 3D printing technology in multi-center fenestrated/branched endovascular repair (F/B-EVAR) for endovascular repair of abdominal aortic diseases.Methods:From Feb 2018 to Mar 2023, The clinical and followup data of 316 cases of abdominal aortic lesions undergoing repair with F/B-EVAR at 69 medical centers nationwide using 3D printing technology to guide physician-modified stent graft were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The mean follow-up time of the patients was 23 months (2-60 months), and 24 cases were lost to follow up, the follow-up rate was 92.4% (292/316), the mean postoperative hospitalization time was (8.2±4.9) days. A total of 944 main abdominal branch arteries were reconstructed. Intraoperative reconstruction of 11 branches failed, with a success rate of 98.8% (933/944). Within 30 days after surgery, 8 patients died (2.5%), and 6 patients died during follow-up, a total of 14 patients died (4.4%). There were 11 cases (3.5%) of spinal cord ischemia and no patient suffered from permanent paraplegia. There were 19 patients (6.0%) with postoperative renal function injury. Internal leakage was found in 26 patients, and the rate of internal leakage was 8.2%.Conclusion:3D printing technology can accurately locate the location of branch arteries, simplifing the surgical process, shortening the learning curve , and improving clinical efficacy.

The establishment of an intelligent audit system for hospital medical insurance is crucial for standardizing irrational practices and curbing the unwarranted escalation of medical insurance costs. A tertiary hospital has developed comprehensive prescription review rules in terms of indications, nutritional risk assessments, pain score evaluations, drug sensitivity test results, and target patient populations. When using medical insurance funds for settlement, both systematic and manual reviews are conducted, and three-level intervention measures such as " prompt, review, and interception" are implemented based on prescription issues. After the system was put into use, the hospital′s in-process information system supervision mode shifted from the previous focus on prompts to focus on audits. The medical insurance intelligent audit system provided timely prompts and interventions, and the number of unreasonable medical insurance prescriptions and deductions from medical insurance sampling prescriptions significantly decreased ( P<0.001), while the number of medical insurance medication prescription audits increased ( P<0.001). The application of the intelligent medical insurance medication audit system has improved the efficiency of prescription auditing and ensured the rationality of the use of medical insurance funds.

Background/Aims: Low educational attainment is a well-established risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in developed areas. However, the association between educational attainment and the risk of NAFLD is less clear in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study including over 200,000 Chinese adults across mainland China was conducted. Information on education level and lifestyle factors were obtained through standard questionnaires, while NAFLD and advanced fibrosis were diagnosed using validated formulas. Outcomes included the risk of NAFLD in the general population and high probability of fibrosis among patients with NAFLD. Logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate the risk of NAFLD and fibrosis across education levels. A causal mediation model was used to explore the potential mediators. Results: Comparing with those receiving primary school education, the multi-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for NAFLD were 1.28 (1.16 to 1.41) for men and 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) for women with college education after accounting for body mass index. When considering waist circumference, the odds ratios (95% CIs) were 0.94 (0.86 to 1.04) for men and 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) for women, respectively. The proportions mediated by general and central obesity were 51.00% and 68.04% for men, while for women the proportions were 48.58% and 32.58%, respectively. Furthermore, NAFLD patients with lower educational attainment showed an incremental increased risk of advanced fibrosis in both genders. Conclusions In China, a low education level was associated with a higher risk of prevalent NAFLD in women, as well as high probability of fibrosis in both genders.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has stimulated tremendous efforts to develop therapeutic agents that target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to control viral infection. So far, a few small-molecule antiviral drugs, including nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid), remdesivir, and molnupiravir have been marketed for the treatment of COVID-19. Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir has been recommended by the World Health Organization as an early treatment for outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. However, the existing treatment options have limitations, and effective treatment strategies that are cost-effective and convenient for tackling COVID-19 are still needed. To date, four domestically developed oral anti-COVID-19 drugs have been granted conditional market approval in China. These drugs include azvudine, simnotrelvir-ritonavir (Xiannuoxin), leritrelvir, and mindeudesivir (VV116). Preclinical and clinical studies have explored the efficacy and tolerability of mindeudesivir and supported its early use in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases at high risk for progression. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings regarding the pharmacological mechanism and therapeutic effects focusing on mindeudesivir and other small-molecule antiviral agents for COVID-19. These findings will expand our understanding and highlight the potential widespread application of China's homegrown anti-COVID-19 drugs.
Humans ; Ritonavir/therapeutic use* ; COVID-19 ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; China ; Nitriles ; Lactams ; Proline ; Adenosine/analogs & derivatives* ; Leucine