Objective To explore the relationship among clinicians' work pressure,perceived social support and compassion fatigue,and to provide a new prospective for the localization studying of intervention and treatment to compassion fatigue.Methods Data of scale for occupational stressors on clinician,perceived social support scale and professional quality of life scale were collected from a sample of 533 clinicians and analyzed with structural equation modeling to study the relationship among clinicians' work pressure,perceived social support and compassion fatigue.Results (1)Work pressure(2.40±0.45),burnout (2.14±0.54) and secondary traumatic stress(1.93±0.60) scores of the clinicians with high perceived social support were significantly lower than that of the clinicians with low perceived social support (2.78±3.67,2.73± 0.59,2.32±0.71;t=7.68,-9.44,8.77,5.07;P＜0.01).Compassion satisfaction scores (4.15±0.63) of the clinicians with high perceived social support were significantly higher than that of the clinicians with low perceived social support (3.40±0.71,t =-9.44,P＜0.01).(2) According to relevant results,work pressure was significantly negative correlation with both perceived social support (r=-0.34,P＜0.01) and compassion satisfaction (r=-0.44,P＜0.01),and significantly positive correlation with both burnout (r=0.69,P＜0.01) and secondary traumatic stress(r=0.53,P＜0.01);while perceived social support was significantly positive correlation with compassion satisfaction (r=0.42,P＜0.01),and significantly negative correlation with burnout (r=-0.40,P＜0.01) and secondary traumatic stress(r=-0.26,P＜0.01).(3) According to the results of structural equation modeling,perceived social support played a partly mediating role in the effect of work pressure toward compassion satisfaction and fatigue with the intermediary effect of 55.4％ and 12.5％.Conclusion Perceived social support plays a mediation role between work pressure and compassion fatigue for clinicians,and better social support of the clinician is beneficial to clinicians mental health level.

Objective To study the relationship and clinical significance of hepatitis B genotype distribution in Xi'an City and clinical relative indicators.Methods The nested PCR was used to amplify HBV DNA in 389 serum samples from HBV infected pa-tients in Xi'an City ,then polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RLFP) was used to identify HBV genotypes.Results Among 389 cases of HBV Infection in Xi'an City ,58 cases of HBV B genotype accounted for 14.9% (58/389) ,326 cases of HBV C genotype accounted for 83.8% (326/389) and 5 cases of HBV B/C mixed type accounted for 1.2% (5/389).The gender ,HBeAg positive rate ,HBV DNA load level ,ALT and AST had no statistical difference between HBV genotype B and C with the patients(P>0.05);There was no statistically significant in the distribution of B and C genotypes between the pa-tients with chronic hepatitis B and HBV carriers (P>0.05) ,but it had statistical difference between liver cirrhosis and hepatocellu-lar carcinoma(P<0.05).HBV genotype C was easier to develop liver cirrhosis even liver cancer than genotype B.Conclusion The three kinds of HBV genotype B ,C and B/C exist in the HBV infected persons in Xi'an City ,with the genotype C as the main geno-type ,genotype B takes the second and mixed genotype B/C is minimal.The liver cirrhosis occurrence has a certain relationship with the genotype C ,which suggesting that the genotype C is more likely to develop liver cirrhosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and to analyze the risk factors.Methods A total of 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus including 99 with NAFLD and 101 without NAFLD were recruited.Height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,liver enzymes,blood lipids,fasting and postprandial blood glucose,insulin,C-peptide,and HbA1C levels were detected.Body mass index ( BMI),waist-hip ratio( WHR),and improved insulin and C-peptide index(HOMA-C-peptide) were calculated and compared between two groups.ResultsCompared with non-NAFLD group,weight,BMI,waist circumference,hip circumference,alanine aminotransferase ( ALT),aspartate aminotransferase,triglyceride ( TG ),total cholesterol ( TC ),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C) were significantly higher in NAFLD group( all P＜0.01 ),while age,duration,and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol were lower( all P＜0.05 ).The incidence of combined hyperlipidemia,especially hypertriglyceridemia,was significantly higher in NAFLD group( P＜0.01 ).Fasting and postprandial 1 h blood glucose [ ( 2.07 ±0.36 vs 1.83 ±0.43 ) mmol/L,( 14.04 ± 3.96 vs 12.59 ± 3.90 ) mmol/L ],fasting and postprandial 1 h Cpeptide [ (2.79± 1.15 vs 2.08±1.29 ) ng/ml,( 1.33 ±0.45 vs 1.12±0.54) ng/ml ],HbA1C [ (2.09±0.33 vs 1.96±0.28) ％ ],and HOMA-C-peptide index were significantly increased in NAFLD group ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ).Logistic analysis showed that TG,BMI,and ALT were the major risk factors of NAFLD in type 2 diabetes mellitus( P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ).ConclusionTriglyceridemia,obesity,and raised ALT level were significantly associated with an increased risk of NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The serum level of CXCL10 was determined in both patients with Graves' disease (GD) and normal control subjects.Serum CXCL10 levels in untreated and relapsed GD groups were higher compared with the remission group and control group( P＜0.01 ).A significant difference was observed between the former two GD groups (P＜0.01 ),but no difference was found between latter two groups( P＞0.05 ).Serum CXCL10 levels were positively correlated with FT3 and FT4,and negatively correlated with TSH by multiple linear regression analysis( P＜0.01 ).

BACKGROUND:Present studies mainly focused on in vitro culture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)and cell transplantation for treating intracalvarium diseases.However,the understanding of survival,differentiation,migration and structure of transplanted cells in the damaged spinal cord is limited.OBJECTIVE:To explore effects of local BMSC transplantation in repair of spinal cord damage and feasibility of replacement therapy of BMSCs.METHODS:Adult healthy female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to cell transplantation and control groups.Rat models of spinal cord transection damage were established.Rat BMSC suspension or calcium and magnesium phosphate buffer were transplanted immediately after injury to the damage zone.At 1 day,1,2,3,4 and 8 weeks before and after transplantation,BBB score motor function was observed in rats,and at 1 week after transplantation,immunohistochemical staining was utilized to observe BrdU-labeled BMSC survival in the spinal cord damaged site.At 4 weeks after transplantation,the general observation and histological detection were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 1-8 weeks after transplantation,BBB scores were higher in the cell transplantation group than in the control group.At 1 week following surgery,immunohistochemical staining showed that BrdU-positive cells were detected in the distal end of rat spinal cord in the cell transplantation group.At 4 weeks following surgery,nerve fibers were found in the damaged spinal cord.These verified that BMSCs were transplanted into rat damaged spinal cord immediately following damage,and the transplanted cells could survive.Living BMSCs can differentiate into neurons,and formed neuron pathway in the local region of damage,which will promote the recovery of conduction function of spinal nerve fibers,and contribute to the recovery of rat hindlimb motor function following high-level spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND: Acidic fibrobiast growth factor can regulate cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival, also can down-regulate the known inhibitor of axon regeneration, such as proteoglycan, help axons overcome these inhibitory factors, and have significant role on the regeneration of nerve fibers.OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility and effect of the acidic fibroblast growth factor combined with peripheral nerve transplantation in the treatment of high-level spinal cord injury in rats.METHODS: A total of adult 108 female SD rats were randomly divided into autologous nerve group, autologous nerve combined .with acidic fibroblast growth factor group, and high-level spinal cord injury group. The rat T_(8-10) spinous process and lamina were bite, revealing dural sac, high-level spinal cord was resected at a horizon level, cutting 3 mm, no nerve fibers were confirmed to be attached under the microscope. In the autogenous nerve group and autologous nerve combined with acidic fibroblast growth factor group, bilateral the 8~(th) to 10~(th) pairs of intercostal nerves were harvested 2 cm, then cross-transplanted into high-level spinal cord defect (proximal white matter and distal gray matter, distal white matter and proximal gray matter), fibrin gel and fibrin gel containing acidic fibroblast growth factor were used respectively to fix the implanted intercostal nerve, followed by dural suture.High-level spinal cord transection group was subjected to exclusion between stumps. At 90 days postoperation, somatosensory evoked potential and motor evoked potential were used to test nerve electrophysiological recovery. At 76 days postoperation,biotinylated dextran amine anterograde tracing was applied to observe the motor conduction bundle recovery. At 60 days postoperation, hindlimb motor function recovery was assessed by BBB score.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The somatosensory and motor evoked potential waveforms were not elicited in rats of high-level spinal cord transaction group, but did elicit in autogenous nerve group and autologous nerve combined acidic fibroblast growth factor group. The average latency and amplitude of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials, as well as BBB scores in autologous nerve combined acidic fibrobiast growth factor group were significantly superior to autologous nerve group (P ＜ 0.01).In the autogenous nerve group and autologous nerve combined acidic fibroblast growth factor group, many more biotinylated daxtran amine-positive nerve fibers passed in the damage zone, compared with high-level spinal cord transection group (P ＜0,01), the autologous nerve combined acidic fibrobiast growth factor group was more than autogenous nerve group (P ＜ 0.01). It is indicated that autologous peripheral nerve graft acidic flbroblast growth factor can better restore the limb motor functions of rats after high-level spinal cord injury.

Organic chemistry experiment is early and important practical course for pharmacy speciality after entering college,which is very important for training their practical abilities and spirit of innovation.The method of integrating four autonomies (self-designing,teaching,operating and summarizing) has been tried in organic chemistry experiment teaching,which completely takes the student as the center and puts emphasis on inquiry learning and ability training.The preliminary practice shows that it is of benefit to arousing students' enthusiasm for study,training their ability and developing their innovative consciousness and spirit.

Objective To explore the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC),and to investigate the correlation between a clinical complete response (cCR) and a pathologic complete response (pCR).Methods One hundred and fifty-eight patients with locally advanced thoracic ESCC from 2001 to 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery.Platinumbased chemotherapy regimens were adopted in chemotherapy and a prescribed dose of 40 Gy in 20 fractions,5 fractions per week,was used in radiotherapy.The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method,and pairwise comparisons and univariate prognostic analyses were performed using the log-rank test.Multivariable prognostic analyses were performed using the Cox regression model.Results The pCR rate was 41.1％ in all patients.After the treatment with neoadjuvant CRT,32(72.7％) out of 44 patients with a cCR had a pCR,but only 33(28.9％) out of 114 patients with a non-cCR had a pCR (P =0.000).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value of a cCR in predicting a pCR were 49.2％,87.1％,72.7％,and 71.1％,respectively.The 3-year sample size was 91.The 3-year OS and DFS rates in all patients were 53.9％ and 48.6％,respectively.Patients with a cCR had significantly higher 3-year OS and DFS rates than those with a non-cCR (P =0.012;P =0.026),while patients with a pCR had significantly higher 3-year OS and DFS rates than those with a non-pCR (P =0.000;P =0.000).The multivariate analyses demonstrated that the pathologic response after CRT and chemotherapy regimen were the influencing factors for OS.The most common grade ≥3 acute adverse reaction was leucopenia (34.2％).Conclusions With a high pCR rate and tolerable adverse reactions,neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgery is a safe and effective option for locally advanced ESCC.The cCR rate after CRT is closely correlated with the pCR and OS rates.

Objective To construct a prokaryotic expression vector in BL21 to secretorily expressα-Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase(α-CGTase). Methods α-CGT gene was amplified from Bacillus macerens genome by PCR.pET26b and α-CGT gene were connected after digested with Nco I, Xho I respectivly, and then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 strain.α-CGTase was expressed in fermentation culture medium and AA-2G was prepared by using α-CGTase, VC and starch.Results α-CGTase was expressed secretorily and the enzyme activity was up to 120 U/mL.AA-2G was prepared by the biotransformation of VC and starch using α-CGTase which proved to be correct by HPLC.Conclusion AA-2G was prepared by using self-madeα-CGTase, after optimized the preparation conditions the yield of AA-2G was 17.46 g/L, and the conversion rate reached 58.2%(mg/mg).

Seventy-three patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into atheroselerosis(AS) group and non-AS group according to the intima-media thickness(IMT)of the carotid artery.The plasma visfatin level in AS group was higher than that in non-As group[(44.95±10.14 vs 34.52±9.08)μg/L,P<0.05],and both of them were higher than that of the control [(24.46±7.18)μg/L,both P<0.05 ].The visfatin level Was positively correlated with IMT,waist-to-hip ratio,visceral fat thickness,fasting insulin,and HOMA insulin resistance index.Age,duration of diabetes,HbA_(1C),and visfatin level were the major risk factors for IMT of the carotid artery.