More and more people suffered from the carotid artery obstruction.It is reported that it's around 69% of these patients the first clinical manifestation of carotid occlusive disease is the ocular ischemic syndrome.Owing to the most symptoms of the ocular isehemic syndrome are very obscure,so there are always overlook or made a misdiagnosis of this entity in clinical.Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA)is the best procedure to find this entity.We should pay close attention to notice the early phase of FFA.It is the most specific FFA sign in ocular ischemic syndrome,and it is a distinctly unusual finding to find the ocular ischemic syndrome.

Angiogenesis plays an important role in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Angiopoietins act as essential regulators in this process,complementary with another mediator-VEGF. In the development of hematologic malignancies, the expression of Angs/Tie-2 system is identified abnormal, especially for Ang-2, whose expression and prognostic impact have gained significant attention recently.

Aldehyde oxidase (AOX), a highly conserved molybdoflavoenzyme in mammal cytoplasm, has broad substrate specificity and ability to catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes and nitrogen, oxygen-containing heterocyclic rings. AOX was found to widely distribute with the individual differences in vivo and plays an important role in phase I metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics. The biological characteristics of AOX and its contributions in drug metabolism are introduced briefly in this review.

Objective To investicate the effect of apoptosis of human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV_(3) and 3AO exposed to arsenic trioxide on telomerase activity and its mechanisms.Methods The human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and 3OA were treated with arsenic trioxide of different concentration for 12,24,72 h.Cell morphology,PCR-ELISA,RT-PCR were adopted to detect the cell apoptosis and telomerase activity and the expression of human telomerase catalytic subunit(hTERT).Results Arsenic trixide could induce apoptisis of ovarian cancer cell lines,but there exists difference in drug concentration,type of cell line.A dose and time-dependent decline of telomerase activity after SKOV_(3) and 3AO cells exposed to arsenic trixide,meanwhile hTERT mRNA was down-regulated.Conclusion Telomerase activity and hTERT mRNA expression have close relationship and play an important role in arsenic trioxide inducing SKOV_(3) and 3AO cells apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the morphological changes of mitochondria and the expression of bcl-2 in the apoptotic SKOV3 and 3AO cells induced by arsenic trioxide (As2O3). Methods Light and electron microscopy, flow cytometry analysis, immunofluorescence flow cytometry analysis were used to detect the apoptotic cells, ultrastructural alteration of mitochondria, and the changes of mitochondrial transmembrane potentials (??m). Results As2O3 induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cell lines was in a dose dependent manner and various in different cell lines. As2O3 also made a decrease of ??m in SKOV3 and 3AO cells in a dose independent fashion. Electron microscopy indicated that the mitochondria showed swollen, balloon-like appearance and outer membrane disrupted 72 h after As2O3 treatment. Expression of bcl-2 was down-regulated in SKOV3 and 3AO cells after As2O3 treatment. Conclusion The reduce of ??m and down-regulation of bcl-2 may play the key roles in the process of As2O3-induced apoptosis.

Aldehyde oxidase (AOX), a highly conserved molybdoflavoenzyme in mammal cytoplasm, has broad substrate specificity and ability to catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes and nitrogen, oxygen-containing heterocyclic rings. AOX was found to widely distribute with the individual differences in vivo and plays an important role in phase I metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics. The biological characteristics of AOX and its contributions in drug metabolism are introduced briefly in this review.
Aldehyde Oxidase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Animals ; Drug Discovery ; Humans ; Liver ; enzymology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; metabolism ; Raloxifene Hydrochloride ; pharmacology ; Substrate Specificity ; Xenobiotics ; chemistry ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effects of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage of neonatal rats.Methods The hypoxic-ischemic brain damage model of neonatal Wistar rats was established as following:first the right common carotid artery of the rats was ligated;2 h after operation,the rats began to inhale 8%-oxygen oxygen-nitrogen gas mixture lasting for 2 h.Rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham-group,hypoxic-ischemic group and ERK inhibitor PD98059 group (the rats were injected PD98059 2 mg/kg 10 min before the ligation).Six hours after the models were done,hippocampi and cortex of the ligation side of rats in the three groups were collected,and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured.Apoptosis of neuron was assessed by TUNEL staining.The expression of ERK1,ERK 2,Bcl-2 and Bax were examined by Western blot.The differences among the groups were analyzed with ANOVA and q test.Results Compared with the sham-group,the MDA level [(342.9± 10.8) μmol/L vs (181.5± 17.0) μmol/L,q= 6.35,P＜0.01) and the apoptosis rate of neuron [(18.80±1.37)% vs (3.53±0.34)%,q=6.06,P＜0.01) of hypoxic-ischemic group was higher,and SOD level was lower [(34.8±4.3) U/ml vs (63.4±4.3) U/ml,q=4.99,P＜0.01].While the apoptosis rate of neuron [(15.53±0.64) %] and MDA level [(252.0± 17.1) μmol/L] of PD98059 group were lower than those of hypoxic-ischemic group(q=3.87 and 5.28,P＜0.01respectively),the SOD level [(51.5 ± 3.8) U/ml] was higher than that of hypoxic-ischemic group (q=4.17,P＜0.01).There were no differences of ERK1 and ERK2 expressions among the three groups.The phosphorylated ERK1 and ERK2 levels of hypoxic-ischemic group were higher than those of sham-group (q=3.82 and 4.08,P＜0.01) and PD98059 group (q=4.79 and 5.12,P＜0.01).The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax of hypoxic-ischemic group were higher than those of sham-group (q=3.55 and 3.42,P＜0.01).Compared with hypoxic-ischemic group,Bcl-2 expression (q=3.71,P＜0.01) of PD98059 group was higher,and Bax expression (q=5.86,P ＜ 0.01) was lower.Conclusions ERK is involved in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage of neonatal rats through regulating the expression of apoptosis protein.

Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K),AKT,TSC1/2,and the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling cascade involves many cellular processes including apoptosis,growth,proliferation and differentiation,This pathway has been found to be the most variable one in human tumors.As tumor is a poorly differentiated disease,this review examines the role of the PI3K-AKT signal pathway in cell differentiation and tumor development.

Objective:To identify the differentially expressed genes and pathways of minimal change disease (MCD) by bioinformatics analysis, and to explore the pathogenesis of MCD.Methods:The gene expression omnibus (GEO) under the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) platform of the United States was used, and the data chips GSE104948 and GSE104954 containing MCD information were selected. The data set contained the gene expression array data of 19 cases of MCD renal biopsy tissue and 36 cases of normal renal tissue. The online tool GEO2R was used to analyze data and screen differentially expressed genes, and DAVID 6.8 database was used to perform GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes and network analysis of genes involved in metabolic pathways. The String 11.0 database and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software were used to analyze the relationship between MCD differentially expressed genes and perform visual analysis. At the same time, the CytoHubba plug-in was used to analyze the degree of association of protein interaction networks and screen key expressed genes.Results:A total of 302 highly expressed differentially expressed genes were identified by online tool GEO2R. GO analysis showed that the products of these differential genes were mostly located in the extracellular matrix, exosomes, pernucleus and other regions, exerting cell adhesion molecule binding, deoxycytidine deaminase activity, protein homodimerization activity, 2'-5'-oligoadenylic acid synthase activity and other functions, as well as participating in the formation of extracellular matrix, cell lysis, cell apoptosis, inflammatory response, immune response and other biological processes. KEGG analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in local adhesion, NOD-like receptor and other signal pathways. Combining the results of GO analysis and Cyto Hubba analysis, the PYCARD gene was screened out as the key gene that induced the inflammatory response in MCD kidney. Conclusions:The inflammatory response may be involved in the occurrence and development of MCD, and the PYCARD gene may be a key gene in the induction of inflammatory response in MCD.

Objective To investigate the neonatal death causes and the relationship between the causes and the neonatal age,fetus age and the year in order to reduce neonatal mortality.Methods Data of neonatal autopsy and pathological records from 107 neonates in our hospital from January 1998 to May 2008 were collected,analyzed and summarized.Results 40.2%of the cases died within 24 hours and 72.9%died within 7 days after birth.The main death cause for those who died within 7 days was asphyxia(48.6%),and the main death causes ior those who died after 7 days were deformity(34.5%)and hemorrhage(34.5%).The most common death cause for premature bahies Was hyaline membrane disease(29.7%),and the most common one for term infants was congenital heart disease(23.3%).In the past 5 years.asphyxia Was still the most common death causein our country,those who died of infection were on the rise and the deformed babies increased too;on the contrary.those who died of obstetric causes and hemorrhage decreased.Conclusion Neonatal mortality could be reduced by prenatal management,prevention of premature delivery,improvement of the cooperation between pediatrics and obstetrics,and better management of NICU.