Objective: The objective of this study is to understand the construction of laboratory testing capacity of the Chinese Disease Control and Prevention institutions at all levels and to expound the problems and puts forward the related suggestions and countermeasures which can provide the basis for scientific and corresponding improvement of laboratory construction.Methods: The whole procedures were completed through descriptive epidemiological studies using SAS 9.2 Software and Excel 2010 for conducting statistical and trend analyses.Results: There is an increasing trend in the number and proportion of inspections in the disease control institutions at all levels in China.The number of disease control and prevention institutions` special testing laboratories increased significantly in 2012 and then the growth rate undergone a slow-down.The owning rate of equipped laboratory appliance rapidly rose in 2011 and started to level off after that.The average number of equipment in eastern region is greater than that drawn in the central and western regions.According to rate of compliance with the standard of basic laboratory projects, there is a trend in the provincial, district and county level disease control and prevention institutions where the eastern region comes first, followed by the central and then the western region closes the line.However, in general, this rate of those provincial level institutions show a state that the central region holds the highest rate, the eastern region comes second, and the western last.Conclusions: The qualities of health inspection personnel still need to be further improved in disease control and prevention institutions at all levels in the country.In the aspect of laboratory equipment possession rate, the provincial-level CDCs have greater and absolute advantage than the county-level and district level institutions.The testing projects of CDCs in the central and eastern regions of China have a relatively good level, while those tracked in the western region are relatively weak.In view of this, China should strengthen the support to western region in terms of human resource, equipment and funding.The provincial-level disease control and prevention institutions` laboratory testing and diagnosis projects are the best in balance and fairness.Improving the testing capacity is an effective approach to promote the development of disease control and prevention.Hence, the state should pay much attention to the laboratory construction works and management strategies and flows.

Objective To evaluate the expression and significance of survivin and PCNA in human colorectal carcinoma. Methods Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry(S-P method) respectively to detect survivin mRNA, and survivin and PCNA proteins in 64 cases of colorectal carcinoma. Results The survivin expression wasn't detected in the tumor adjancent tissues. The positive rate of survivin mRNA and protein expressions was 53% and 53% respectively, which was significantly associated with the histological type and lymph node metastasis of colorectal carcinoma (P

Enhanced expression of adhesion molecules on human endothelial cells of synovial tissue has been demonstrated in patients with dialysis related amyloidosis(DRA).The study was conducted to elucidate the mechanism by which the expression of adhesion molecules on human endothelial cells was up regulated. Human endothelial cells derived from umbilical veins(HUVEC) were coincubated in vitro with native human serum albumin(HSA) or HSA modified with advanced glycation end products(AGE HSA).The expression of adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM 1),vascular cell adhesion molecule 1(VCAM 1) and E selectin was determined respectively by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometer analysis.The results showed that ICAM 1 and VCAM 1, but not E selectin,were constitutively expressed on HUVEC. AGE HSA enhanced the expression of ICAM 1, VCAM 1 and E selectin on HUVEC in a time and dose dependent manner. HSA had no effect on the expression of adhesion molecules. The results led to the conclusion that AGE HSA up regulated the expression of adhesion molecules on human endothelial cells and therefore promoted the infiltration of monocytes/macrophages around ? 2 microglobulin amyloid.

Objective To investigate influence of hyperlipidemia in parents on plasma lipid level,blood pressure,body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC)of their children.Methods Eighty children whose parents had been with hyperlipidemia(Group A) and 893 children whose parents had been normal plasma lipid levels(Group B) were studied.BMI,systolic pressure(SP),diastolic pressure(DP),WC,plasma triglyceride(TG),cholesterol(CH),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-c),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-c)of two groups were measured and compared.Results The levels of BMI,TG,TCH,LDL-c,SP,and DP had a increasing trend in group A compared to those of group B.HDL-c in group A had a decreasing trend compared to that of group B.But only the increase of BMI is significant(P

20 was lower than those whose BMI≤20(P

Objective To search for a good method for generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) by embryonic stem cells (ESC),and to investigate the potential of HSC derived from ESC to reconstruct hematopoiesis in vivo.Methods Using a three-step method to induce a mice ESC line, E14.1-into HSC.And identifying HSC by flow cytometry analysis cell markers with CD34 +/Sca-1+, then HSC (1×109L-1)from ESC differentiation were injected into severe combined immunodefieency (SCID) mice for observing teratoma formation.To validate function of HSC by colonngenic cells assay and to reconstitute the hematopoiesis in lethally irradiated mice.Results Combining to use more hematopoietic stimulating factor to availably promote the El4.1 cell into embryoid body (EBs) with abundant hematopoietic progenitors.EBs were induced after 14 day to fast differentiate for HSC with peak percentages of CD34+/Sca-1+ cells reached to (13.72±2.07)%.To harvested ceils from EBs by day 14 for second -step HSC differentiation, percent of CD34+/Sca-1+ cells rise to(24.62±2.50) % after day 16 induction.Cloning forming units (CFU) analysis showed that more Erythro -myeloid cloning generation was observed at this period.Cells obtained in the second step are subsequently plated on monolayer of mice bone marrow stromal cells, in the presence of TPO, FLt3 ligand and superoatant of mice fetal liver stromal cells, cultured for additional 15 days, followed fast expansion of CD34+/Sca-1+ to maximally (58.64±4.20 ) % with more CFU-E, CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM population.Wright-Giemsa stain showed that its had the character of hematopoietic progenitors.Cells from the third-step were injected into SCID mice, but no teratomas were recovered in 2 mices after 6 weeks.Positive selection of CD34+/Sca-1+ cells by magnetic sorting from the third - step differentiation were transplanted into 7 lethally irradiated female mice while predominant hematopoietic reconstitution were observed in 10 days after transplantation, with 71.4% successful engraftment rate.And 3 recipients showed that the cell population of the peripheral blood leukocytes,red cells, hemoglobin approached normal index at 40 days after transplant, hut followed relative'slow renew in platelet count.Survival rate of transplant group is 43.0%, compared to 100% mortality in control mice.Karyotyping assays confirmed female mice with XY.Conclusions The results showed that the three-step differentiation and the culture conditions described here good support differentiation of ESC into HSC.HSC derived from ESC were safe without teratomas formation in body, and its can reconstruct hematopoiesis.

Innovation of cultivation mode and concepts for medical English should be suited to the requirements of making university academically outstanding by its individualized school-running,requirements of strengthening distinguished majors as well as needs for qualified medical English graduates.Through combining undergraduate tutorial system of lower grades with undergraduate tutorial system of higher grades,continuing implementing concepts of team cooperation,strengthening holistic education concept and guiding the development of students' individual personality and academic study based on stages,tutors and tutorial team can play their central roles in the training and molding of qualified medical English undergraduates,ultimately realizing the unity of process cultivation and objective cultivation.

Objective To explore the applicability of the Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment (LOTCA) in evaluating cognitive function and observing the curative effect of stroke treatment.Methods Thirty stroke patients with cognitive impairment (the cognitive impairment group) and thirty stroke patients without marked cognitive impairment (the stroke control group) were screened using the mini-mental status examination (MMSE),and thirty healthy subjects served as a normal control group.The gender distributions,ages and levels of education of the three groups were matched.All cases were examined with the LOTCA.After two months of treatment,the three groups were assessed again.Results The average total scores and the scores on the LOTCA subitems were significantly lower in the cognitive impairment group than in the stroke control group and were even lower than those in the normal control group.Particularly conspicuous were their lower scores on the thinking operations and orientation and visuo-motor organization LOTCA sub-items,In the stroke control group the average scores on the thinking operations,visuo-motor organization,attention,orientation and spatial perception sub-items were all significantly lower than those in the normal control group,especially on the thinking operations and visuo-motor organization sub-items.After treatment,the LOTCA scores in all three groups had improved significantly compared with before treatment.Conclusion The LOTCA can assess the severity and characteristics of cognitive impairment in stroke patients.It offers an effective method for identifying cognitive impairment and tracking any improvements.The scores reflect patients' cognitive levels,and so have clinical value.

Objective To explore the dose rate response characterization of four kinds of dosimeters for clinical application.Methods Within the range of 100-600 cGy/min,the dose rate responses of the PTW 0.6 cm3 ion chamber,0.015 cm3 ion chamber,Matrixx Evolution 2D diode array and MapCHECK 2D diode array under the same measuring conditions were measured.The dose rate response of the PTW 0.6 cm3 ion chamber under different energy and working voltage were analyzed.Results All ionization chambe.r types of measured equipment showed certain dose rate dependence for 6 MV X-rays.All the differences were below 1％.The dose rate dependence disappeared for 15 MV X-rays.The 2D diode array had strong dose rate dependence and the response difference was about 2％.Conclusions It is necessary to test and analyze the dose rate response of the measured equipment in treatment technology with dose rate varying,in order to ensure the precision of daily calibration and dose verification.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of different flushing and scanning processing on optical density (A) responding and set up the clinic quality assurance protocol based on silver halide emulsions radiographic films.MethodsSetting different flushing temperature and choosing different batch's film and developer and fixer or fixer in the same batch with different analyzing dose were performed to analyze the effect on A value; The effect of light uniform,the stabilize work time and the noise of different scanning resolution were discussed.ResultsThe A value at the same dose level would enhance as the temperature increased;the responding curve of dose and A value with different batches of films varied a lot;the responding curve of dose and A value with different batches of films and developer and fixer solution had marked variations;the responding of dose and A with the same batches would show some low.The heterogeneity of the scanner would achieve 0.03 ; the A value of the same dose would gradually steady while the time ofscanning was more than 10 minutes:the affect of noise would increase as the dose and resolution ratio increased.ConclusionsThe best processing temperature is 29-31 ℃.Different batches of film couldn't be confounded.A new calibration must be obtained when the film dosimetry to evaluate dose distribution is used.A 5 - 10 min warm up for stabilize work and the best setting resolution/depth lever are 72 dpi/16 bit for scanning films are determined.