Objective: To study the effect of calcium on osteocalcin(OC) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in rat exposed to lead. Method: Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, lead group, low-calcium+lead group and high-calcium+lead group. The content of calcium and lead in bone, OC and PTH of rat with different treatments were detected. At the same time, RT-PCR analysis was used to determine the expression of OC and PTHr1. Results: Lead decreased the content of calcium in bone and OC. The expression of OC was inhibited, and the level of PTH and the expression of PTHr1 increased, which could be enhanced by low calcium treatment, but high calcium treatment could antagonize these effects of lead. Conclusion: Supplementation of calcium in diet could extenuate the toxicity of lead on bone in rat.

Objective To study the effect of lead on the calcium absorption and bone development in weanling rats. Methods Totally 80 weanling Wistar rats were equally divided into normal control (given with pure water and standard feed, including 1.15% calcium), lead group (given 1.0 g/L lead acetate water and standard feed), lead+low calcium group (1.0 g/L lead acetate water and feed including 0.69% calcium), and lead+high calcium group (1.0 g/L lead acetate water and feed including 1.72 % calcium). The development of rats was observed. Serum contents of osteocalcin and parathormone,and bone levels of lead and calcium in the femur were determined. The femur was examined with histological method. Another 5 Wistar rats received gastric irrigation of 10% lead acetate for 5 d, 5 more rats served as control, and then their absorption of calcium was detected with 45CaCl2. Results Lead and low calcium inhibited the development of rat remarkably, with the content of osteocalcin, the length and diameter of the femur decreased. High calcium antagonized these effects of lead. The absorption of calcium in rats was repressed by lead. Conclusion Bone depression by lead may be due to that lead inhibits the absorption of calcium in rats, and the supplement of calcium is helpful to minimize the repression.

BACKGROUND: Palatal implant could be an effective type of anchorage that can afford long-term stress, and bone thickness and bone density of the implant placement will affect the success of the implant stability. Presently, actinoscopy commonly used in stomatological clinic cannot provide the precise information of palatal bone thickness and bone mineral density such as toroidal slide plate photograph and skull lateral projection. OBJECTIVE: To measure the thickness and density of median palatine suture, and to provide the consultation for implant anchorage using spiral CT. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A measurement study was performed at the Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from July to December in 2008 PARTICIPANTS: The sample consisted of 194 cases undergoing 64 slice CT at the Medical Imaging Center of First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, including the scope of the hard palate and maxillary dentition. They were aged from 18 to 50, and divided into three groups by age, 18-30-year-old group, 31-40-year-old group, and 41-50-year-old group. METHODS: Measurement of palatal raphe area first three-dimensional reconstruction of images at up to nasion plane centerline, whichever was determined as a reference surface plane, selection one point on incisor cervix in this line, to measurement of the available palatal bone height; sagittal views were selected at 6 mm dorsally from the incisive canal. The available bone height was defined as the distance from the palatal baseline (lower cortical border of the palate) to the nasal cavity (upper cortical border of the nasal cavity). Bone mineral density can also be measured at the same site, take the average of the cortical and cancellous bone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The palatal bone thickness and bone thickness density were measured at 6 mm dorsally from the incisive canal. RESULTS: Male in the palatal bone thickness and bone mineral density were significantly higher than female (P < 0.05); there were no significant difference between Han and Uygur (P>0.05). In different age's group of men and women, the palatal bone thickness and bone mineral density showed no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Age, palatal bone thickness and palatal bone mineral density had no significant correlation. CONCLUSION: Spiral CT can be used in different parts of mandible thickness and density measurement and analysis. The palate raphe can be implant as orthodontic anchorage if it measured exactly.

cases of Warthin tumor in parotid gland were collected, the selection of operating style and personal experience in treatment were introduced. The results showed that most of the patients were senior man, the site of the tumors was all in parotid gland, the majority of the tumor was single nodule with exception of some patient who had a multiple nature. Tumor recurrence was found in patients with improper method. The results suggested that for patients who are suspected of Warthin tumor,careful physical examination and B Ultrosonic scan are necessary for both sides of parotid gland. Different operating style should be considered according to the differences of tumor site and number.

Objective To explore the role of IL-18 in the pathogenesis of chronic eczema. Methods Twenty-seven patients with chronic eczema were enrolled into this study along with 12 normal human controls. The severity of eczema was evaluated by eczema area and severity index (EASI) in patients. Skin specimens and vein blood samples were obtained from all the subjects. Reverse-transcription PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression of IL-18 and IFN-γ in the skin tissue, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the protein expression of IL-18 and IFN-γ in the sera of these subjects. Results The mRNA expression level in patients and controls was 1.04±0.29 pg/mL and 0.52±0.15 pg/mL for IL-18, respectively, 0.96±0.34 pg/mL and 0.47±0.12 pg/mL for IFN-γ, respectively; a significant increase was observed in the mRNA expression level of both IFN-γ and IL-18 in the patients than in the controls (both P<0.01). Moreover, the mRNA expression level of both IFN-γ and IL-18 positively correlated with the severity of eczema in patients (r=0.737, 0.883, both P<0.01). The protein expression level of IL-18 and IFN-γ was 475.8±59.4 pg/mL and 10.1±7.0 pg/mL, respectively, in the patients, 123.6 ±29.5 pg/mL and 11.1±3.4 pg/mL, respectively, in the controls; a statistical difference was observed in the protein expression level of IL-18 (P<0.01), but not in that of IFN-γ(P>0.01), between the patients and controls. No significant correlation was observed betweenthe serum level of IL-18 or IFN-γ and sererity of eczema in the patients (both P>0.01). Conclusions IL-18 may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic eczema. Also, in local lesions, IL-18 seems to correlate with the induction of production of Th1 type cytokines, such as IFN-γ which could subsequently mediate hypersensitivity response.

This study is to determine the preventive effect and mechanism of targeting IL-17A on pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis after acute lung injury. Mice were treated with anti-IL-17A antibody on the day 7 and sacrificed on the day 14 after bleomycin lung injury. The pulmonary inflammatory status and the deposition of collagen were measured by HE and Sirius stains staining. The contents of hydroxyproline and collagen were measured by using commercial kits. The survival rate of mice was calculated by Kaplan-Meier methods. The inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured by ELISA and the expressions of inflammation-related molecules were detected by Western blotting assay. Targeting of IL-17A could prevent the development of lung inflammation, decrease collagen deposition and the contents of hydroxyproline, and protect against the development of pulmonary fibrosis, which together led to an increase in the animal survival. Moreover, blocking IL-17A decreased the expression ofpro-fibrotic cytokines such as IL-17A, TGF-beta1 and IL-13; increased the expression of anti-fibrotic or anti-inflammatory factors such as IFN-gamma, COX-2, 5-LOX, 15-LOX. Indeed, IL-17A antagonism suppressed the activation of pro-inflammatory p65NF-kappaB but enhanced the activation of pro-resolving p50NF-kappaB. In conclusion, that blockade of IL-17A prevents the development of pulmonary fibrosis from acute lung injury, is because blocking IL-17A may prevent acute inflammation converting to chronic inflammation.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of I-FISH for detection of genomic abnormalities in MM. Methods Twenty newly diagnosed MM patients(seven cases at stage Ⅰ , five cases at stage Ⅱ and eight cases at stage Ⅲ according to Bataille staging) were analyzed by combining the technique of CC (R-binding stain) and I-FISH [ including GLP13q14 (RBI gene), GLP17p13. 1 (P53 gene),GLP13q14. 3(D13S319) ,GLP1q21 ,GLP14q32(IgH gene) DNA sequence probes]. These two methods were compared for the detection rates of chromosomal and genomic abnormalities in MM and the association between genomic abnormalities and Bataille stages was also analyzed. Results CC examination showed only 1 case [5% (1/20) ] was found complex chromosomal abnormalities--46,XX,-2,del(3) (p21) ,add(6)(q26) ,der(10)(q26),der(14)(q32), + mar, inc[6]. While I-FISH assay showed that 12 cases [60%(12/20) ] were found genomic abnormalities. The frequencies of RB1, D13S319 and P53 were all 30%(6/20), and the frequencies of IgH gene and 1q21 were both 20% (4/20). The detection rate of the I-FISH was much higher than CC (χ2 = 9. 09, P = 0. 001) according to paired χ2 test. Of 20 patients,6 cases had RB1 gene abnormality, 1 case at stage Ⅰ , 2 cases at stage Ⅱ and 4 cases at stage Ⅲ. Of 20 patients, 6 cases had D13S319 gene abnormality, 2 cases at stage Ⅰ , 1 case at stage Ⅱ and 3 cases at stage Ⅲ. Of 20 patients, 6 cases in 20 had P53 gene abnormality, 2 cases at stage Ⅰ and 4 cases at stage Ⅲ. Of 20 patients, 4 cases had 1q21 gene abnormality, 2 cases at stage Ⅰ and 2 cases at stage Ⅲ. Of 20 patients, 4 cases had IGH gene abnormality, 1 case at stage Ⅰ and 3 cases at stage Ⅲ. Conclusion Ⅰ-FISH has higher detection rate for the genomic abnormalities in MM and can be used in detection of MM patients in different Bataille stages.

BACKGROUND:As an important cytokine, interleukin-6 regulates immune responses in inflammation sites and has an autocrine/paracrine activity that stimulates osteoclast formation and bone resorption, which is related to bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of orthodontic force on the expression of interleukin-6 mRNA in the periodontal tissue of rats.
METHODS:In situ hybridization was performed to measure the expression of interleukin-6 mRNA at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days after the application of orthodontic force on the maxil ary first molars of rats.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression of interleukin-6 mRNA was observed at a low level in the normal periodontal tissue of rats. After the application of force, the induction of interleukin-6 mRNA was observed to reach a maximum on day 3 and to decline thereafter. The expression of interleukin-6 mRNA can be evoked by orthodontic force but with a certain self-limiting. As a multifunctional cytokine, interleukin-6 plays a very important role in periodontal remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement.

Objective To investigate the chromosome karyotype of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and its correlation with the clinical feature and efficacy.Methods The chromosomes of bone marrow/peripheral blood from 110 cases of patients with ALL were prepared after 24 hours culture,and G-banding were used to analyze karyotypes.Results Among 110 patients with ALL,71 cases (64.5 ％) had clonal chromsomal normalities,39 cases (35.5 ％) had clonal chromsomal abnormalities,24 cases (21.8 ％) had chromosome structural abnormalities,11 cases (10.0 ％) had chromosome number abnormalities,3 cases (2.7 ％) had chromosome number and structure abnormalities,one case had chromosomal abnormalities complex karyotype.Efficacy in patients with ALL with t(9;22) (q34;q11) was worse than the other patients (Fisher s exact text,P =0.045).There was no significant difference on efficacy between in adult ALL associated with t(9;22) (q34;q11) and in children with ALL (Fisher's exact text,P =0.506).Conclusion Chromosome karyotype of ALL patients is random,chromosomal translocations such as t(9;22)(q34;q1 1) and t(4;11) (q21;q23) have poorer treatment outcomes.

Objective This study is to identify long-term functional recovery and maturity of regenerated nerve fibers after repairing mouse nerve defects with chitosan/polylactide-co-polyglycolide artificial nerve grafts ( CPANGs ) . Methods Mouse sciatic nerve defects, 2mm in length, were bridged by CPANGs (n=6), with nerve autograft (n=6) and nerve defect (n=6) as controls.Plantar test, electrophysiological examination and laser Doppler perfusion imaging following nerve crush were carried out at 1 year after repair to assess nerve function recovery , while muscle wet weight ratio, histological assessment and transmission electron microscopy were performed to evaluate nerve re -innervation and maturity of regenerated nerve fibers .Results When compared to the autograft group , the CPANG group did not show statistically significant difference in functional recovery in terms of paw withdrawal latency , neurogenic vasodilatation , amplitude and latency of compound muscle action potentials ( CMAPs ) , wet weight ratio of gastrocnemius and tibialis cranialis muscles , number of myelinated nerve fibers and density of unmyelinated axons .However , both these two repair groups exhibited significantly longer CMAPs latency , thinner myelin sheath and a lag-behind shift of diameter distribution of myelinated axons as compared to the normal control .Conclusion At 1 year after the mouse sciatic nerve defect was repaired by CPANGs , sensory and autonomic nerve function , number of regenerated axons and muscle re-innervation degree were recovered to the same extent as nerve autografting , but the regenerated nerve fibers were in a state of immaturity .