BACKGROUND: Porcelain-fused-metal restoration (PFM) is made by substrata material of alloy, and then porcelain which color is similar to the natural tooth is covered on the metal. At last, the composite of porcelian-metal is sintered in vaccum furnace. Because PFM has the strength of full crown metal and aethetic of full crown porcelain, it is widely applied in the oral clinic. Mechanical property of Porcelain-fused-metal restoration (PFM) contributes to solve mechanical problems occurred in clinic and to elevate success rate of the restoration. In accordance to different objectives, the design of PFM mechanical charger is various in the laboratory.OBJECTIVE: To discuss different experimental methods applied in studying strength of PFM, so that several experimental methods are supplied for further studying behaviors of PFM.METHODS: SpringerLink database and Vip database were retrieved using the key words of "metal-porcelain restoration" to select studies concerning the mechanical behaviors of PFM following reading. 120 literatures were obtained following primary retrieval. Following reading titles and Abstracts, 89 unrelated literatures were excluded. Finally, 31 literatures were used for summary and review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Index system of foreign and domestic are adopted associated with the methods in studying the mechanical behaviors of PFM. Literatures are mainly adopted three-point and four-point bending. Moiré interferometry and speckle interferometry are used in various thickness of dental prosthetic restoration for mechanical property test, with the sensitivity of 0.417 μm and 0.532 μm, respectively. The sensitivity meets the requirements of mouth rehabilitation at present.

BACKGROUND: Moiré interferometry method which belongs to the range of experiment mechanics is a modern photo-mechanics test technique. On the other hand, metal-porcelain restorations characterized as beautiful, compatible and stable properties are widely used in oral medicine domain. Moiré interferometry technique is applied in the oral restoration and some mechanics data can be obtained. It can be realized in discipline complementation and interaction between mechanics and bio-medicine engineering. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the moiré interferometry technique in details, and to study the displacement of metal-porcelain restorations under different loads by using the moiré interferometry technique as it is found that porcelains often flake off from the base of restorations in oral clinic. METHODS: The horizontal and vertical displacement of metal-porcelain restorations were measured by using the moiré interferometry method which is sensitive and easy to operate, and suitable for in-plane displacement measurement. The displacement was shown in the form of interferometry patterns. RESULTS and CONCLUSION: The interferometry patterns which represented the in-plane displacement of specimens were obtained and the displacement was linearly related with the loading changes. Moiré interferometry method can be used in measuring the displacement of restorations. Operation is simple and results are shown by interferometry patterns.

Objective To compare the clinical effects and safety of two kinds of adjuvant chemotherapy in treatment of patients with colon cancer with Ⅱ-Ⅲ stage after radical resection including 5 -FU/CF scheme and FOLFOX4 scheme.Methods 110 patients with colon cancer with Ⅱ-Ⅲ stage after radical resection were chosen from July 2010 to July 2013 in our hospital and were randomly divided into two groups.A group (55 patients) was given 5-FU/CF scheme and B group (55 patients) received FOLFOX4 scheme.The recurrence and metastasis rate with follow-up,survival time and drug side effects incidence were compared between the two groups.Results The recurrence and metastasis rates with follow-up of B group(18.18%,25.45%) were significantly better than A group (34.55%,63.64%)(χ2 =9.12,8.74,all P<0.05).The median survival time of B group (31.4 months) was sig-nificantly longer than A group(20.7months)(HR=1.83,95%CI:1.16-3.74,all P<0.05).The incidence rates of nausea and vomiting,loss of appetite,hair loss and anemia of A group were 83.64%,61.82%,60.00%,18.18%;which of B group were 89.09%,69.09%,63.64%,23.64%;there were no significant differences in incidence rates of drug side effects between the two groups (χ2 =1.72,2.54,1.04,2.47,all P>0.05).Conclusion Compared with 5-FU/CF scheme,FOLFOX4 scheme in treatment of patients with colon cancer withⅡ-Ⅲstage after radical resection can efficiently reduce the risk of recurrence and metastasis,prolong the survival time and not increase the risk and extent of drug adverse effects.

Objective To discuss the experience of self -perceived burden(SPB)in AIDS patients and to provide evidence for promoting physical and mental health.Methods Interviews were conducted among 10 AIDS patients,and the data were analyzed with the Colaizzi 's method.Results 3 themes from the experience of self -perceived burden in AIDS patients were identified:self -accusation and remorse,fear and insecurity,loss of dignity. Conclusion The research results showed feelings,difficulties and needs of patients in the process of disease.Nurses should think about the influence of SPB during the nursing intervention and evaluation.Nurses should alleviate the problems faced by patients in order to increase the health level,reduce the psychological pressure and increase the medication compliance of the patients in the long -term treatment.It can be used in clinical nursing.

To use macroporous resin in study of effective components of traditional Chinese medicine more efficiently. An review was composed of character of macroporous resin and its application in traditional Chinese herbs.

This article reported a method of anti idiotype antibodies to idiotype in patientswith multiple myeloma.SmIg and CIg of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patientswith multiple myeloma were examined by using anti idiotype antibodies. The result revealed that(1)the anti idiotype antibody only reacted to M pro-tein and serum of the patient,but not to M proteinemia and normal Ig.(2)SmIg andCIg of some B cell reacted to the antiidiotype antibodies,it has been suggestedthatthe abnormal colon of multiple myeloma formed in B cell

Objective:To explore the effect of Valsartan on heart function and a-ctivity of myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase in junior rat with heart failure(HF).Methods:The animal model of congestive heart failure was established byfis-tulation of abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava.Rats were randomly divided into 2 groups after 8 weeks of operation:rats without treatment as control group(n=20),rats treated with Valsartan as valsartan group(n=15).Sham-operated was taken as normal control group(n=15).Valsartan was adminis-tered through direct gastric gavage.The high frequency ultrasound was per-formed 4 weeks after treatment.Myocardial SR was fractionated with velocity centrifugation.Enzyme activity of SERCA2a in SR was detected with ultraviolet spectrophotometre(U V).The time course of Ca2+ uptake was determined by fluorescent spectropho-tometry.Results:Compared with the sham-operated group,left ventricular internal dimension diastole(LVIDd),left ventricularin-ternal dimension systole(LVIDs),left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),and left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV)were all significantly increased(P

Objective:Analysis of complex congenital heart disease of children and the incidence of coronary abnormalities to explore the21(4):453-457. diagnostic value of coronary angiography.Methods:Angiocardio graphy cardiac catheterization of 229 children in Heart Center of Children's Hospital Chongqing Medical University from January 2006 to June 2009,the results were retrospectively analyzed,including the types and proportion of congenital heart diseases,incidences of coronary artery abnormalities,incidences of abnormal coronary artery crossing right ventricular outflow tract and prognosis.Results:Altogether,27(11.8%)cases of children with Congenital Coronary Artery Anomalies were detected.Highest incidenc(e6.55%)is L-coronary artery,which occupy 55.56% of Coronary Artery Anomalies.16(6.99%) cases of abnormal coronary artery crossing the right ventricular outflow tract,which including 7 cases of TOF,3 cases of DORV,3 cases of PA/VSD,1 case of TGA,1 case of CAVC and 1 case of SV/TGA.1 patient died of angiocardiography among the 27 cases of complicating coronary artery malformation,accounting for 3.7%in the total number of the angiography of complex congenital heart disease complicating coronary artery malformation,accounting for 0.44%in the total number of complex congenital heart disease.3 cases died after surgery, accounting for 16.7% of surgery.Conclusion:The incidence of coronary artery abnormalities in complex congenital heart disease in children is higher than the normal population;coronary angiography is an important means of final diagnosis coronary artery congenital variation.

Eleven eases of adenomatoid tumors arc described. There were 9 males and 2 female with an average age of 51 years. These tumors arose in The male and female genital tract. Five of these were located in the epididymis, two in the te- stis, two in the uterus and the last two, one in the spermatic cord and the other in the bladder.The tumor cells of the 11 cases studied were immunoreactive for keratin, but none of these for factor VIII.Only the endothelial cells of the blood vessels in the tumors were positively stained.Ultrastructural examination of 4 cases revealed long brushy microvilli on the surface of the tumor cells lining the lumina. These tumor cells with the presence of tonofilaments in the cytoplasm, were desmosomes.These results strongly support the mesothelial origin of the adenomatoid tumors

Objective:To analyze the clinical data of primary pulmonary hypertension in children and improve its clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:The clinical data of 6 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension were collected and analyzed.Clinical diagnosis was made by ways of electrocardiography,ultrasound,and X-ray.All of them were received catheterization examination and angiography.Results:Heart failures were found in all patients with PPH.Signs of pulmonary hypertension were found by accessory examination.No heart malformation was found by catheterization examination.Conclusion:There are all kinds of clinical manifestations of PPH.The definite diagnosis of PPH will rely on catheterization examination.