Recent changes in lifestyle such as high-fat diet and inactivity have promoted a metabolic disorder titled syndrome X. At the moment, it is very rare in Vietnam but the prevalence of this syndrome is going to significantly increases in next decades. In Endocrinology and Diabetic Dept- Bach Mai Hospital, we found a 44 year-old patient, who met the basic criteria of the syndrome X: Hypertension, central obesity and high fasting serum Insulin. He has mild dyslipidemia. All members of his family, including his mother and his sister are also suffering from syndrome X with hypertension, obesity and overt diabetes mellitus. This patient was advised to have diet with caloric restriction and exercise to improve insulin resistance. He has been using gemfibrozil (Lopid) and metformin. After 2 months, he has lost 6 kilograms and felt better. His blood pressure was controlled without antihypertensive drugs
Metabolic Syndrome X ; diagnosis

No abstract available.
Humans ; *Metabolic Syndrome X ; *Prostatic Hyperplasia

No abstract available.
Humans ; *Metabolic Syndrome X ; *Prostatic Hyperplasia

No abstract available.
Antioxidants/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/*blood

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome X/*blood ; Thyrotropin/*blood

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that contain molecules that regulate the metabolic functions of adjacent or remote cells. Recent in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies support the hypothesis that exosomes released from various cell types play roles in the progression of metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes. Based on this concept and advances in other diseases, the proteins, mRNA, microRNA and lipids in exosomes isolated from biological fluids have been proposed as biomarkers in metabolic disorders. However, several problems with the development of clinically applicable biomarkers have not been resolved. In this review, the biologic functions of exosomes are briefly introduced, and we discuss the technical and practical pros and cons of different methods of exosome isolation for the identification of exosomal biomarkers of metabolic disorders. Standardization of preanalytical variables and isolation of high-purity exosomes from fully characterized biological fluids will be necessary for the identification of useful exosomal biomarkers that can provide insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of complications of metabolic syndrome and of whole-body metabolism.
Biomarkers* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Exosomes* ; Extracellular Vesicles ; In Vitro Techniques ; Metabolic Diseases* ; Metabolic Syndrome X ; Metabolism ; MicroRNAs ; RNA, Messenger

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that contain molecules that regulate the metabolic functions of adjacent or remote cells. Recent in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies support the hypothesis that exosomes released from various cell types play roles in the progression of metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes. Based on this concept and advances in other diseases, the proteins, mRNA, microRNA and lipids in exosomes isolated from biological fluids have been proposed as biomarkers in metabolic disorders. However, several problems with the development of clinically applicable biomarkers have not been resolved. In this review, the biologic functions of exosomes are briefly introduced, and we discuss the technical and practical pros and cons of different methods of exosome isolation for the identification of exosomal biomarkers of metabolic disorders. Standardization of preanalytical variables and isolation of high-purity exosomes from fully characterized biological fluids will be necessary for the identification of useful exosomal biomarkers that can provide insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of complications of metabolic syndrome and of whole-body metabolism.
Biomarkers* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Exosomes* ; Extracellular Vesicles ; In Vitro Techniques ; Metabolic Diseases* ; Metabolic Syndrome X ; Metabolism ; MicroRNAs ; RNA, Messenger

PURPOSE: This study was to analyze the trend of research on intervention for patients with metabolic syndrome. METHOD: Using Pubmed, Medline, and CINAHL search engines, a randomized controlled trial(RCT) researching titles such as "metabolic syndrome", "intervention", "lifestyle modification", or "community-based" were collected. A total of 16 researches were analyzed based on the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel(NCEP-ATP III). RESULTS: 1) The total period of the intervention was from 12 to 24 weeks, the frequency was 3 to 5 times per week, and the duration of each session was from 45 to 60 minutes. The types of intervention included exercise, diet, and medication. Among these types, diet was performed most frequently. 2) The outcomes of the intervention was measured with physical aspects such as anthropometric measures, body composition, or biological markers. No studies have evaluated psychosocial outcomes such as quality of life. 3) In terms of effectiveness of the intervention, anthropometric indicators, body composition, or serological markers showed positive effects, whereas results on endothelial or urine indicators were inconsistent. CONCLUSION: Methodological research developing comprehensive therapeutic lifestyle modification programs and intervention studies are needed for patients with metabolic syndrome. In addition, effects should be evaluated with multidimensional perspectives.
Humans ; Life Style ; Metabolic Syndrome X/*nursing ; *Nursing Methodology Research ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Statistics, Nonparametric

Recently, obesity (BMI > or =25 kg/m2) and type II diabetes mellitus have reached epidemic proportions in Korea, and rates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are between 10% and 25% of the general population. NAFLD in Korea is as closely associated with several components of metabolic syndrome including, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia as it is in Western countries. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia may play a role in the pathogenesis of fatty liver in patients with normal body weight as well as in patients with obesity. And, obesity induced accumulation of fat in the adipose tissue leads to an imbalance in the regulation of adipokines, such as downregulation of adiponectin and upregulation of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and ghrelin. High BMI, the AST/ALT ratio, and ALT levels could be used to distinguish NASH from simple steatosis in Korean patients. In large number of NAFLD patients who underwent a voluntary medical checkup, even a small weight reduction was associated with improvements in their hepatic steatosis grade on ultrasonography, serum aminotransferase levels, and related metabolic abnormalities. Subjects with fatty liver disease should be advised to lose weight through lifestyle modifications. Small animal and human studies of treatment with PPAR agonists and betaine have been reported in the Korean literature. It is now acknowledged that NAFLD is the most common liver disease in Korea, largely due to the considerable increase in metabolic abnormalities such as obesity and diabetes. Future studies should continue to focus both on the pathogenesis and the treatment of NAFLD in order to accumulate more of our own data.
*Fatty Liver/complications/physiopathology/therapy ; Humans ; Korea ; Metabolic Syndrome X/complications ; Risk Factors

Recently, obesity (BMI > or =25 kg/m2) and type II diabetes mellitus have reached epidemic proportions in Korea, and rates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are between 10% and 25% of the general population. NAFLD in Korea is as closely associated with several components of metabolic syndrome including, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia as it is in Western countries. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia may play a role in the pathogenesis of fatty liver in patients with normal body weight as well as in patients with obesity. And, obesity induced accumulation of fat in the adipose tissue leads to an imbalance in the regulation of adipokines, such as downregulation of adiponectin and upregulation of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and ghrelin. High BMI, the AST/ALT ratio, and ALT levels could be used to distinguish NASH from simple steatosis in Korean patients. In large number of NAFLD patients who underwent a voluntary medical checkup, even a small weight reduction was associated with improvements in their hepatic steatosis grade on ultrasonography, serum aminotransferase levels, and related metabolic abnormalities. Subjects with fatty liver disease should be advised to lose weight through lifestyle modifications. Small animal and human studies of treatment with PPAR agonists and betaine have been reported in the Korean literature. It is now acknowledged that NAFLD is the most common liver disease in Korea, largely due to the considerable increase in metabolic abnormalities such as obesity and diabetes. Future studies should continue to focus both on the pathogenesis and the treatment of NAFLD in order to accumulate more of our own data.
*Fatty Liver/complications/physiopathology/therapy ; Humans ; Korea ; Metabolic Syndrome X/complications ; Risk Factors