Background: As the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes increase worldwide, the need to identify modifiable lifestyle risk factors also increases, especially those that may be relatively unique to a specific population. To explore a possible association between betel quid chewing and metabolic syndrome, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Methodology: Three hundred ninety-one (391) adults were interviewed and the following parameters were measured: triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, glucose, waist circumference, body mass index and blood pressure. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the association between betel quid chewing and metabolic syndrome while controlling for confounders. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was similar in chewers and non-chewers, 50% and 49%, respectively. After controlling for other factors, development of metabolic syndrome was positively associated with number of betel quid chewed per day, age greater than 40 years , and a positive family history of hypertension and diabetes. Regarding the duration of betel chewing, when analyzed by sex, the risk was doubled in men compared to non-chewers (OR 2.15; 95% CI = 1.21, 3.84]). As a result, a man chewing more than 10 pieces (OR 2.49; 95% CI = 1.36, 4.57]) of betel quids per day for more than 10 years had a two-fold increased chance of developing the metabolic syndrome. Conclusions Frequency and duration of betel quid chewing may represent a behavioral lifestyle target for approaches to reduce the incidence of metabolic syndrome.
Metabolic Syndrome

Obesity and overweight are considered health risks for non-communicable diseases. Most clinical practice guidelines suggest lifestyle modification as the primary management and as an adjunct to pharmacologic treatment. Using the SMART-EST goaloriented action plan and lifestyle medicine may improve weight reduction outcomes. The case presented had clinical criteria (3/5) for metabolic syndrome, diagnosed previously as obese stage II, asthma moderately uncontrolled, prediabetes, and mild dyslipidemia. Baseline weight and waist-to-hip ratio were taken and interpreted as obese stage II with a very severe risk for comorbidity. The diagnostics used were fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, HbA1c, and 2-D echocardiography on the eight months of intervention only. Using the SMART-EST action plan plus Lifestyle medicine approaches as non-pharmacologic management for metabolic syndrome. There was an 11.4 % reduction in weight, improved fasting glucose, lipid profile, and 2-D echocardiography within the eight months of intervention.
Metabolic syndrome

The clinical application of new antineoplastic drugs has been limited because of low therapeutic index and lack of efficacy in humans. Thus, improvement in efficacy of old and new anticancer drugs has been attempted by manipulating their pharmacokinetic properties. Four inter-related factors, which determine the pharmacokinetic behavior of a drug include absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. The drug-metabolizing enzymes have been classified in two major groups: phase I and phase II enzymes. Phase I enzymes comprise the oxidases, dehydrogenases, deaminases, hydrolases. Phase II enzymes include primarily UDPglucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), glutathionetransferases (GSTs), sulfotransferases (SULTs), N-acetyl transferases (NATs), methyltransferases and aminoacid transferases that conjugate products of phase I reactions and parent compounds with appropriate functional groups to generate more water soluble compounds which are more readily eliminated. The importance of these enzymes in the metabolism of specific drugs varies according to the chemical nature of the drug. Drug metabolism is modulated by factors that change among species and even among individuals in a population. Such factors can be environmental or genetic in origin, and influence how a drug is metabolized and to what extent. An awareness of these variables is invaluable when the safety and efficacy of new anticancer drugs are evaluated.
enzymology ; seconds ; metabolic aspects ; cancer therapy ; Metabolic

No abstract available.
Metabolic Diseases* ; Obesity*

The static approach of representing metabolic pathway diagrams offers no flexibility. Thus, many systems adopt automatic graph layout techniques to visualize the topological architecture of pathways. There are weaknesses, however, because automatically drawn figures are generally difficult to understand. The problem becomes even more serious when we attempt to visualize all of the information in a single, big picture, which usually results in a confusing diagram. To provide a partial solution to this thorny issue, we propose J2dpathway, a metabolic pathway atlas viewer that has node-abstracting features.
Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Pliability

A study on the manifestations of digestive system in some disease due to the metabolic overload has shown that most of disease due to the metabolic overload related with the genetic factors and were not properly considered. The common manifestations comprised hepatomegaly, cirrhosis, digestive bleeding, abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, which easy were missed due to the wrong diagnosis. Although diseases related with genetic factors, the diagnosis was not difficult. Some diseases can be easily treated with high efficacy
Metabolic Diseases ; Hepatomegaly

Recent changes in lifestyle such as high-fat diet and inactivity have promoted a metabolic disorder titled syndrome X. At the moment, it is very rare in Vietnam but the prevalence of this syndrome is going to significantly increases in next decades. In Endocrinology and Diabetic Dept- Bach Mai Hospital, we found a 44 year-old patient, who met the basic criteria of the syndrome X: Hypertension, central obesity and high fasting serum Insulin. He has mild dyslipidemia. All members of his family, including his mother and his sister are also suffering from syndrome X with hypertension, obesity and overt diabetes mellitus. This patient was advised to have diet with caloric restriction and exercise to improve insulin resistance. He has been using gemfibrozil (Lopid) and metformin. After 2 months, he has lost 6 kilograms and felt better. His blood pressure was controlled without antihypertensive drugs
Metabolic Syndrome X ; diagnosis

With a control group of 43 health persons a study was performed on 131 hypertensive patients using the test of glucose tolerance. The average similar in 2 groups. In both 2 groups, an incidence of 36,78% of metabolic syndrome was concluded, among them 41,22% were in hypertensive group and 23,26% in control. The factors occurred with high frequency were diabetes, poor tolerance with glucose, BMI ≥ 23, high triglyceride levels ans low HDL- C levels subsequently
Syndrome ; Hypertension ; Metabolic Diseases

Objective: We aim to compare the clinical and biochemical profile of metabolic syndrome between obese children below and above 10 years attending Paediatric clinic Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) from 2006 to 2015. This is to determine if age, particularly the transition to puberty, modifies the prevalence of components of metabolic syndrome in obese children. Methodology: The medical records of 84 obese children under 18 years of age seen at Paediatric clinic HUSM from 2006 to 2015 were reviewed. Demographic (age, gender, ethnicity), anthropometric (weight and height), clinical [body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] and biochemical [serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG)] parameters were recorded, analyzed and compared. Results: Majority of subjects in both age groups were boys, with 68.2% <10 years old. Mean age was 9.69 years (±3.36). The clinical and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome were similar between those <10 years old and >10 years, with the exception of BMI, waist circumference, SBP and TG level. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the parameters of metabolic syndrome significantly associated with age ≥10 years were systolic hypertension (adjusted OR 7.17, 95% CI, 1.48 to 34.8) and BMI >30 kg/m2 (adjusted OR 3.02, 95% CI, 1.16 to 7.86). Conclusion There were similar clinical and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome in both age groups. The proportions of children with metabolic syndrome were similar regardless of age group. The overall prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome was 27.3%. In view of the alarming presence of components of metabolic syndrome even in children less than 10 years of age, efforts aimed at the prevention of childhood obesity in the community should be intensified.
Obesity ; Metabolic Syndrome ; Child

Objectives: To estimate the frequency of Metabolic Syndrome (MS in Myanmar obese children and to determine the risk factors associated with MS in obese children comparing with normal weight children. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the risk factors for metabolic syndrome between normal and obese children by using the pediatric definition for metabolic syndrome [International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 2007]. Twenty-three obese children (BMI, ≥ 97th percentile) and 23 normal weight children (BMI, < 85th percentile) aged 5-12 years were included in the study. Blood pressure, body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), fasting triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and glucose concentrations were determined. Results: Based on the IDF pediatric criteria, 9 obese children (39.1%) had metabolic syndrome while no normal weight child had metabolic syndrome. Ten (43.5%) normal weight children and 3 (13.0%) obese children had at least one risk factor for the metabolic syndrome. Central obesity (WC ³ 90th percentile for age and sex), the most common risk factor, was observed in 25 children (54.4% of the total population). Conclusion This study highlights the need for early recognition of risk factors for metabolic syndrome in all children to halt the progression of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in later life.
Metabolic Syndrome ; Risk Factors