Humans ; Mental Disorders ; epidemiology ; Mental Health Services ; trends ; Singapore ; epidemiology

Chronic Disease ; Comorbidity ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; epidemiology

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; epidemiology

Depression ; epidemiology ; etiology ; therapy ; Global Health ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; epidemiology ; etiology ; therapy ; Mental Health

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to compare the prevalence of mental disorders and services for people with mental health problems in Shaoxing city between 1991 and 2001 in order to provide scientific bases for prevention and treatment.

METHODSA population size of 339 651 were investigated in the urban and rural areas with "Psychosis Index Investigate Schedule" plus visit to their homes.

RESULTSThe overall prevalence rates of mental disorders were 10.17 per thousand and 13.85 per thousand and the point prevalence rates of mental disorder were 9.15 per thousand and 12.77 per thousand, respectively in 1991 and 2001. The point prevalence rates in the population aged 15 years and above were 11.70 per thousand and 14.60 per thousand. Prevalence rates of neurosis and alcohol dependence and drug dependence increased significantly from 1991 and 2001. The anterior three mental disorders were neurosis, schizophrenia and dementia in all mental disorders. Situation was better in the city than in the rural areas in terms of receiving care for mental disorder, their work ability, economy condition and gardianship.

CONCLUSIONThere was an increase of prevalence on mental disorder in Shaoxing city during the ten-year period. The increase in the prevalence of mental disorder was related to local economy, socialization and culture.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Dementia ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; epidemiology ; Mental Health Services ; organization & administration ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Schizophrenia ; epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders ; epidemiology

We have not yet had any official diagnostic system of mental disorders that is specific for the elderly patients. As in other diagnostic categories, the DSM-IV and ICD-10 are used as the official diagnostic criteria for mood disorder. Several dichotomous classifications are, however, applied sometimes for clinical and research convenience. The reported prevalence rates of depressive symptoms are between 10-40% among the elderly residing in community;the rate is far higher among those who are hospitalized or in chronic institution. The prevalence of major depression, clinical depression, among the elderly is known to be lower than that among younger adults, the exact reason for which is not well clarified so far. The rate of dysthymia is around 1.7% and similar to that for general population. Poor social support network is the most well known risk for developing depression for the elderly.
Adult ; Aged ; Classification* ; Depression ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Epidemiology* ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; Mental Disorders ; Mood Disorders ; Prevalence

We have not yet had any official diagnostic system of mental disorders that is specific for the elderly patients. As in other diagnostic categories, the DSM-IV and ICD-10 are used as the official diagnostic criteria for mood disorder. Several dichotomous classifications are, however, applied sometimes for clinical and research convenience. The reported prevalence rates of depressive symptoms are between 10-40% among the elderly residing in community;the rate is far higher among those who are hospitalized or in chronic institution. The prevalence of major depression, clinical depression, among the elderly is known to be lower than that among younger adults, the exact reason for which is not well clarified so far. The rate of dysthymia is around 1.7% and similar to that for general population. Poor social support network is the most well known risk for developing depression for the elderly.
Adult ; Aged ; Classification* ; Depression ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Epidemiology* ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; Mental Disorders ; Mood Disorders ; Prevalence

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mental health condition of primary and middle school students in Changsha and to provide reference for future evaluation or intervention. METHODS: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (the edition for parents) was used to investigate 737 primary and middle school students aged 6-17 in Changsha. RESULTS: The prevalence of difficulty was 14.11%. The males showed higher scores of problem, hyperactivity and impact, while the females scored higher in emotional symptom as well as prosocial behaviors. Students aged 11-13 and 14-17 showed higher scores of total difficulties, peer problems and emotional symptom than those aged 6-10. Apart from higher scores of total difficulties and peer problems, the other scores were similar to the normal scores in China. there was significant difference in the normal scores between china and other countries. CONCLUSION mental health problems have divergent characters in gender and age. This study also highlights the importance of establishing local norms of SDQ and the need for appropriate measures in practical situations.
Adolescent ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; epidemiology ; Mental Health ; Prevalence ; Schools ; Students ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

It is well-known that more than 50% of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cases also have comorbid psychiatric disorders. We evaluated the comorbid psychopathology of Korean children and adolescents with ADHD using a standardized diagnostic instrument. The Korean Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL-K) was administered and completed in 105 patients who had been referred to the outpatient and inpatient clinics at the Samsung Medical Center from March 2004 to May 2005. All of the cases were diagnosed as ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria. We analyzed their clinical characteristics and psychiatric comorbidities, and assessed the correlation of any comorbidity with gender, age and ADHD subtype. Among our 105 participants, 70 (66.7%) subjects were diagnosed with combined-type ADHD, 22 (21.0%) were the predominantly inattentive type, only 1 (1.0%) was determined to have the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD, and 12 (11.4%) were classified as not otherwise specified (NOS) ADHD. Eighty (76.2%) subjects had at least one comorbid disorder such as oppositional defiant disorder (n = 53, 50.5%), anxiety disorders (n = 35, 33.3%) and affective disorders (n = 15, 14.3%). Our patients ranged in age from five to 16 years. Among the factors including gender, age, and ADHD subtype, ADHD subtype was the only one significant to comorbidity in our study. The results of this study suggest that psychiatric comorbidity in Korean children with ADHD is similar to the results of previous studies in western countries. Out of all the ADHD subtypes, the combined-type group had a significantly higher ratio of comorbid disorders and psychopathologies.
Tic Disorders/epidemiology ; Mood Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Disorders/*epidemiology ; Male ; Korea/epidemiology ; Humans ; Female ; Elimination Disorders/epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/classification/*epidemiology ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; Adolescent

OBJECTIVE: Traumatic syndromes resembling posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been repeatedly described through the history of mankind. Since the inclusion into operational criteria of DSM-III, the concept of PTSD have been robustly changed. The author reviewed the cutting-edge issues regarding diagnosis and pathophysiology of PTSD for proper understanding of this conditon. METHODS: Wide literatural reviews using Medline and texbooks were performed for integrating up-to-date findings of PTSD studies. Several own preliminary findings and discussions with world-wide experts were also included into this review. RESULTS: The complex pathophysiology with the concept of "stress-vulnerablity model" of PTSD has become increasingly important as the dianostic criteria for PTSD specify an etiological factor, namely the traumatic event, unlike most other mental disoders. The present paper diffusely reviewed the historical consideration, the change of disease concept, symptomatology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, methods for assessment, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of PTSD. CONCLUSION: Since various traumatic events are very prevalent in Korea, understanding the clinical phenomenology of PTSD is very crucial to properly diagnose and treat patients with PTSD.
Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Korea ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic