Introduction: Honey postulated may have an estrogenic effect on the retinal estrogenic receptors. The aim of the study is to compare the mean macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters with and without honey cocktail supplement in post-menopausal women. Methods: A randomised interventional study was conducted from March 2014 to July 2015. A total of 60 post-menopausal women were selected and randomised into 2 groups: honey cocktail (20 mg/day) and control. Macular thickness, RNFL thickness and ONH parameters were measured using optical coherence tomography at baseline and at 3 months post honey cocktail supplementation. Results: The mean global macular thickness and RNFL thickness were significantly thicker in post-menopausal women with honey cocktail at 3 months post supplement (p = 0.002 and 0.033 respectively). There was a significant increase in the mean change of global macular thickness and RNFL thickness in honey cocktail group at 3 months post supplement (p < 0.001 and < 0.001 respectively). Although there was no significant difference in the ONH parameters at 3 months post supplement between the two groups but there was significant increase in the mean change of rim area (p = 0.003), and significant reduce in the mean change of cup area (p = 0.001) and cup-disc-ratio (p <0.001) in honey cocktail group at 3 months post supplement. Conclusion: Honey cocktail supplement showed structural changes in the macular thickness, RNFL thickness and OHN parameters of post-menopausal women.
Menopause

No abstract available.
Female ; Menopause*

No abstract available.
Female ; Menopause*

In menopausal ages, the development of tumors and menstrual disorders was higher 2 times than younger ages. The infection in these ages was common, followed by lesions/proliferative tumors and menstrual disorder. The characteristics of internal pathology in menopausal ages including hypertension, hyper lipidemia and diabetes mellitus type II
Menopause ; Menstrual Cycle

The study was carried out in Hoankiem and Socson district in Hanoi city. In each area, 160 women were selected and divided in to 4 groups: the menopause of 5 years, >5-10 years, >10 years and groups of 25-39 year old. Vein blood were taken for the measurement of serum estradiol, FSH, LH concentration. The results showed that: Serum estradiol concentration significantly decreased in postmenopausal women compared with women at reproductive age and no difference between the menopausal groups. These values in Hoankiem women were higher than that in Socson women, specially with the menopause of 5 years. Serum FSH and LH concentration significantly increased in the menopausal period. While FSH concentration did not change during menopause time, LH concentration showed a tendency to decrease. Serum FSH concentration in the Hoankiem women was higher than this in Socson ones whereas serum concentration was lower
Menopause ; Menotropins ; serum ; women

4233 healthy female students and women from 9-75 years of age were randomly selected in our study. The results showed: - The mean age of the first menstrual bleeding was 13.58 +/- 1.10 years during the 90s decade. The first mentruation began at the younger age during the 90 s decade if comparing with that of previous decades. - The average length of menstrual cycle was about 28 - 30 days. The mean bleeding duration in menstrual cycle was 3.66 +/- 1.04 days. - The mean age of menopause among women in Hue was 49.61 +/- 3.42 years during 90 decade. This age was older than of previous decades.
Menstrual Cycle ; Menopause ; women

No abstract available.
Female* ; Humans ; Menopause*

Premature menopause is due to ovarian dysfunction. Premature menopause is characterized by arrested folliculogenesis before 40 years of age. Premature menopause is associated with health problems. The impact of estrogen deficiency tends to be chronic problems rather than acute. We have managed a case of recurrent non-vertebral fractures due to falls after premature ovarian dysfunction. We present this case with a brief review of the literature.
Estrogens ; Female ; Menopause, Premature

Two hundreds fifty seven cases of normal mammogram were analysis for classification of types of breasts.Ranging from 20 to 79 years of age, mean age was 45 years. Two projections, craniocaudal & mediolateral, were used. Age, nutrient condition, familial tendency and hormonal factors influence to breats hisologically. Normalbreats were classified into the standard (9.75%), ductal (71.7%), glandular (6.2%) and atrophic (12.4%) types.Ductal type was further subclassified into intraductal, periductal and mixed types. Atrophic type was susbdividedinto fibrous and fatty, Standard type was observed in younger women, instead of atrophic type was seen in olderage group, especially after menopause. Periductal type was most common (65.4%), Glandular type was mostly intwenty to thirty year group. According to increase of age, gladular or ductal type transformed into atrophic type.
Classification ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of menopausal symptoms, its effect to the quality of life and their treatment seeking behaviour in a multiracial community in Malaysia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving postmenopausal women in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Data was obtained by face-to-face interview using standardised questionnaires on sociodemographic data, Menopause Rating Scale questionnaire, effect to quality of life and treatment sought. Results: A total of 258 women, including Malays (82%), Indians (14.1%) and Chinese (3.9%) were recruited. The median age was 58 (range 45-86) years old. Joint and muscular discomfort (73.3%) and fatigue (59.3%) were the most prevalent symptoms. Significant association with ethnicity were demonstrated with Malays was found to have 3.1 times higher incidence of sexual problems than Indians, (Odds Ratio (OR) 3.103; 95%CI 1.209, 7.967) and Indian had 2.6 times higher incidence of irritability compared to Malays (OR 2.598; 95%CI 1.126, 5.992). Fifty-two percent of women felt that menopausal symptoms affected their quality of life but there were only 2.7% who were severely affected. There were 24.8% of women who sought treatment and only 20.3% of those who took hormone replacement therapy. There was no significant association found between their treatment seeking behaviour in association with ethnicity, age, parity, marital and occupational status. Conclusion: Menopausal symptoms were prevalent among menopausal women, although only a small group of women who were severely affected. There was a lack of tendency in seeking treatment for menopausal symptoms among the women.
Menopause ; Quality of Life