Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of renal involvement in Beh(c)et's disease (BD).Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in BD patients complicated with renal damage who were admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from June 1998 to July 2012.Results Twenty patients with renal involvement constituted 3.2％ of all the 618 hospitalized BD patients.The presentation of renal disease was chronic glomerulonephritis in 6 patients (1 with nephrotic syndrome),renal tubular acidosis in 1 patient,renal artery stenosis in 7 patients,renal vein thrombosis in 1 patient,and chronic renal failure of unknown etiology in 5 patients.Kidney biopsy was performed in 5 patients,3 of them revealed glomerular minor lesion,mild mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and chronic tubularinterstitial nephropathy,respectively.The other 2 patients underwent a second biopsy,one with glomerular minor lesion transforming into IgA nephropathy of grade Ⅲ on Lee's glomerular grading system after 6 years,and the other with IgA nephropathy of grade Ⅱ progressing to grade Ⅳ after 2 years.After the diagnosis of renal BD,one patient with uremia underwent peritoneal dialysis,while the remaining 19 patients received immunosuppressant (or with combination of glucocorticoid,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers.etc.) therapy.Among the 8 patients with renal vascular involvement,2 underwent surgery,and several received anticoagulant therapy.During the follow-up of 13 patients,the urine protein quantifications were reduced,and renal functions remained relatively stable.Conclusion Renal damage is relatively uncommon in BD patients.There are various clinical spectrums for renal BD.Routine screening with urinalysis,serum creatinine and imaging studies should be carried out for the early diagnosis of renal BD.

Background Clinical work found that triamcinolone acetonide (TA)bleeding during vitrectomy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR),but its mechanism is not clear.Objective This study was to explore the anastalsis of TA in vitrectomy for PDR.Methods A prospective study was performed.Twelve eyes of 12 patients who received vitrectomy combined with the intraocular use of TA for PDR were in cluded in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from 2011 to 2014 and served as TA group.Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients who underwent vitrectomy for epimacular membrane or macular hole were enrolled as control group.The vitreous specimens of 0.6 ～0.8 ml was collected during the surgery.The concentrations of urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA),tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 (PAI-1) in vatreous were measured by ELISA.Results The mean contents u-PA,t-PA and PAI-1 in the vatreous were 25.45,127.44 and 0.42 ng/ml respectively in the TA group,and those the mean contents in the control group were 22.94,142.37 and 0.27 ng/ml respectively,shouwing a significant difference between the TA group and the control group (Z=-2.268,P＜0.05).NO significant difference was found in vitreous t-PA and PAI-1 between TA and control groups (Z =-0.092,-1.847,both at P＞0.05).Conclusions Vitreous u-PA content is increased in PDR eyes,which is more likely to lead bleeding.Anastalsis of TA during vitrectomy for PDR may be relatived to decreasing vitreous t-PA and u-PA contents as well as increasing PAI-1 contents.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by various chromatographic methods and identified by spectroscopic analysis.

RESULTTwelve compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as 5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (1), 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (2), tyrosol (3), 5,6-dihydroxy-beta-ionone (4), 6-O-E-feruloyl ajugol (5), acteoside (6), leucosceptoside A (7), martynoside (8), isomartynoside (9), purpureaside C (10), jionoside A1 (11), and jionoside B1 (12).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1, 3 and 9 were isolated from the genus Rehmannia for the first time.

Objective:To discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of linear scleroderma (LS).Methods:A case of LS diagnosed in the Second Hospital of Shandong University in October 20, 2020, was reported and the clinical features and pathological documentation of the disease reported in the literature were reviewed.Results:A 24-year-old woman presented cicatricial alopecia on the left frontoparietal area and facial atrophy for about 10 years. Two years before, she began to suffer ptosis and neurological complaints. Clinical features of different stages of the disease are presented. All 15 patients reported in the literature were analyzed, with a median of 22 years and a male to female ratio of 9∶6. There were 4 cases of linear scleroderma with ipsilateral drooping eyelids and lateral contraction, 3 cases of linear scleroderma with demyelinating lesions, combined with lateral contraction, 3 cases of linear scleroderma combined with lateral atrophy, and 1 case of linear scleroderma with ipsilateral facial spasm. Two cases were with the chest sclerosing spot. Two cases of linear scleroderma were with epileptic seizure and white matter demyelination lesion. Six cases were treated with hormone, 2 cases were treated with methotrexate. One case was treated with both hormone and methotrexate. One case was treated with botulinum toxin. Three cases were treated with surgical correction of eyelid ptosis. One case was treated with ultraviolet A1 radiation phototherapy and 1 case was treated with vitamin therapy.Conclusions:Patients with scleroderma may have ipsilateral facial atrophy, blepharoptosis and facial spasm. Some patients involving the nervous system may have epilepsy and myelitis. And demyelinating lesions can be seen in magnetic resonance imaging. Localized scleroderma may develop into systemic scleroderma. Therefore, it is recommended to combine immunosuppressants as soon as possible to control the development of the disease if necessary.

Objective:To analyze the current situation and requirements of education for health technicians in maternal and child health care institutions, and put forward feasible strategies and measures to improve the comprehensive quality and professional level of the talent team of maternal and child health care institutions.Methods:Questionnaire survey was carried out on education needs of health technical staff of 11 maternal and child health care hospitals in 4 provinces (regions), and provincial, municipal and district-level medical institutions. The survey results were recorded by Epidata 3.1. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 1 678 questionnaires were included in the analysis. A total of 1 313 people received training, accounting for 78.2%. The main reason for not receiving training was that the unit didn't arrange (180 people), accounting for 49.3%(180/365). There were 779 people who had more than 3 days of training, accounting for 59.3%. There were 384 people who were trained in superior general hospitals, accounting for 29.2%, and 268 people were trained in superior maternal and child health institutions, accounting for 20.4%. There were 837 people who learned the content of new professional progress, accounting for 50.8%(837/1 648). According to the interview, there were still some requirements for thematic training, further education, online learning, continuing education and standardized training.Conclusion:Maternal and child health care institutions have accelerated the construction of professional personnel, intensified training, and thoroughly implemented health personnel training programs, established a long-term mechanism, increased funding, improved training content, ensured the quality of training, and made a good job in hierarchical training to meet the learning needs of personnel at all levels. This is of great significance for strengthening the technical personnel of maternal and child health care institutions and improving their service capacity.

Objective:To compare and analyze the technical success rate and safety between computed tomography(CT)-percutaneous radiological gastrostomy (PRG) and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG).Methods:From January 2017 to January 2022, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, the data of 76 patients who underwent gastrostomy due to inability to eat orally were collected, including 38 patients in PEG group and 38 patients in CT-PRG group. Surgical outcomes and complications were compared between the PEG and CT-PRG groups. Surgical outcomes included technical success rate, operation time, postoperative body mass index and hospital stay; while complications included minor complications (such as perifistula infection, granulation tissue proliferation, leakage, pneumoperitoneum, fistula tube obstruction, fistula tube detachment and persistent pain) and serious complications (such as bleeding, peritonitis, colonic perforation and death within 30 d). Independent sample t test, chi-square test, and Fisher exact probability test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The technical success rate of CT-PRG group was higher than that of the PEG group (100.0%, 38/38 vs. 78.9%, 30/38), and the operation time was shorter than that of the PEG group ((17.16±8.52) min vs. (29.33±16.22) min), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=1.19, t=2.36; P=0.038 and 0.011). There were no significant differences in postoperative body mass index ((16.29±3.56) kg/m 2 vs. (16.12±3.17) kg/m 2) and hospital stay ((4.13±1.26) d vs. (3.52±1.13) d) between PEG group and CT-PRG group (both P>0.05). The incidence of minor complications in the PEG group was 42.1% (16/38), including 6 cases of perifistulal infection, 1 case of leakage, 5 cases of fistula tube obstruction, 1 case of fistula tube detachment, and 3 cases of persistent pain. The incidence of serious complications was 5.3% (2/38), including 1 case of bleeding and 1 case of colonic perforation. The incidence of minor complications in the CT-PRG group was 39.5% (15/38), including 5 cases of perifistula infection, 1 case of granulation tissue proliferation, 3 cases of pneumoperitoneum, 3 cases of fistula tube obstruction, 2 cases of fistula tube detachment, and 1 case of persistent pain. The incidence of serious complications was 0. There was no significant difference in the incidence of minor complications between the PEG group and the CT-PRG group ( P>0.05), while the incidence of serious complications in the CT-PRG group was lower than that of the PEG group, and the difference was statistically significant (Fisher exact probability test, P=0.043). Conclusion:PEG is a safe and effective method of gastrostomy, but for patients with esophageal obstruction, CT-PRG can be an effective supplement to PEG.

BACKGROUND:Overactive osteoclasts disrupt bone homeostasis and play a bad role in the pathological mechanisms of related skeletal diseases,such as osteoporosis,fragility fractures,and osteoarthritis.Studies have confirmed that ellagic acid and ellagtannin have the potential to inhibit osteoclast differentiation.As their natural metabolites,urolithin A has antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-proliferative and anti-cancer effects,but its effect on osteoclast differentiation and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of urolithin A on osteoclast differentiation induced by receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand and its mechanism. METHODS:Mouse mononuclear macrophage leukemia cells(RAW264.7)that grew stably were cultured in vitro.Toxicity of urolithin A(0,0.1,0.5,1.5,2.5 μmol/L)to RAW264.7 cells were detected by cytotoxic MTS assay to screen out the safe concentration.Different concentrations of urolithin A were used again to intervene with receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced differentiation of RAW264.7 cells in vitro.Then,tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and F-actin ring and nucleus staining were performed to observe its effect on the formation and function of osteoclasts.Finally,the expressions of urolithin A on upstream and downstream genes and proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway were observed by western blot and RT-qPCR assays. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Urolithin A inhibited osteoclast differentiation and F-actin ring formation in a concentration-dependent manner and 2.5 μmol/L had the strongest inhibitory effect.Urolithin A inhibited the mRNA expression of Nfatc1,Ctsk,Mmp9 and Atp6v0d2 and the protein synthesis of Nfatc1 and Ctsk,related to osteoclast formation and bone resorption.Urolithin A inhibited the activity of osteoclasts by downregulating the phosphorylation of p38 protein to inhibit the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.

Objective Explore differences in the cognitive abilities of socially different Labradors.Methods The dog mentality assessment(DMA)test created by the Swedish Working Dog Association was modified to employ 12 behavioral variables from five subtests of the DMA test,social contact,play Ⅰ,distance-play,ghosts and play Ⅱ,to assess sociability of the dogs.In accordance with the scoring criteria,49 labradors provided by the China Guide Dog Training Centre in Dalian were scored on the social behavioral variables and classified into high(n=15)and low(n=34)sociability groups by cluster analysis.A new system to test canine cognitive ability was developed using the dog cognitive development battery,which tests various domains of cognitive ability such as social cue use,unsolvable task,inhibitory control,cognitive flexibility,working memory,and multistep problem solving task.The dogs'behavioral performance and duration of the test were also recorded.Statistical analysis was performed to determine assess differences in the cognitive abilities of socially diverse dogs.Results Dogs in the high and low social subgroups differed significantly in behavioral variables of the unsolvable task,inhibitory control test,and multistep problem solving task.In the unsolvable task,dogs in the high social group looked at people for significantly longer than dogs in the low social grouping(P=0.008)and looked at people with significantly less latency time than dogs in the low social group(P=0.0001).In the inhibitory control,dogs in the high social group chose significantly more correctly than dogs in the low social group(P=0.034)and chose for significantly less time than dogs in the low social group(P=0.039).In the multistep problem solving task,for dogs in the high social group.successfully completed number of stakes was significantly higher than for dogs in the low social group(P=0.044).The percentage of operation pale time was significantly lower than for dogs in the low social group(P=0.05).The average latency time to solve the bone task was significantly higher than for dogs in the low social group(P=0.037).Moreover,the percentage of operation bone time was significantly lower than for dogs in the low social group(P=0.038).In tests involving a manipulable apparatus,dogs in the high social group spent more time looking at people than dogs in the low social group and less time manipulating the apparatus than dogs in the low subgroup,but no statistically significant differences were observed(P＞0.05).Conclusions Highly sociable labradors have a greater cognitive ability,they are more able to suppress impulses during tests,more able to complete the multistep problem solving task,and more inclined to change strategies to seek new cues from people rather than obsessing over manipulating the apparatus when they are unable to solve a problem.

Objective To investigate the microRNA ( miRNA ) expression level of peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( PBMC) in autoimmune diabetes mellitus ( ADM) which includes type 1 diabetes mellitus ( T1DM) and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults ( LADA ) , T2DM patients, and matched healthy individuals. Methods Patients of T1DM, LADA, and T2DM were recruited in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2015 to December 2016. The subjects were divided into two groups. The first group was used for high-throughput screening of differentially expressed microRNAs. The second group was used to validate the expression of miR-142-5p and miR-143-3p by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results (1)The different miRNA expression patterns of PBMC were found among T1DM patients, LADA patients, T2DM patients, and health individuals. ( 2) Compared with T2DM patients and healthy controls, LADA and T1DM patients had down-regulated PBMC miR-142-5p expression, and up-regulated miR-143-3p expression. (3)RT-qPCR validation showed that the expression of miR-142-5p in LADA patients was significantly lower than that in T2DM patients (0.30±0.24 vs 1.33 ± 1.29, P<0.05) . The expression of miR-143-3p in T1DM and LADA was higher than that in T2DM and health individuals. However, no significant differences were found. Conclusion The miRNA expression patterns are different in the PBMC of T1DM patients, LADA patients, T2DM patients, and healthy individuals; the abnormal expressions of miR-142-5p and miR-143-3p may participate in the development of ADM by affecting apoptosis and immune cell differentiation.

Objective:To analyze the prognostic factors and evaluate the accuracy of existing survival prediction models in patients with lung cancer-derived spinal metastases who have undergone open surgery.Methods:According to the inclusion criteria, the data of 76 patients with spinal metastasis of lung cancer who underwent open surgery in the department of Orthopedics in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital were collected from January 2019 to November 2021. The relationship between the number of bone metastasis, pathological type, visceral metastasis, epidermal growth factor receptor mutation, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hemoglobin (Hb), Frankel grade and postoperative survival time in 76 cases was analyzed by Cox logical regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier method to determine the potential prognostic factors. The accuracy of Tomita score, Tokuhashi revised score, Katagiri New score, New England Spinal Metastasis Score score (NESMS) and Skeletal Oncology Research Group (SORG) machine learning algorithm in predicting postoperative survival time was verified by drawing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:The median follow-up time of the patients was 18.0 months (2.3-36.0 months). The median survival time was 12.6 months [95% CI (10.8, 14.4)]. The survival rates at 6 and 12 months after operation were 71.6% and 52.0%, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that ALP [ HR=0.23, 95% CI (0.11, 0.48), P<0.001], Hb [ HR=4.48, 95% CI (2.07, 9.70), P< 0.001] and EGFR mutation [ HR=2.22, 95% CI (1.04, 4.76), P=0.040] were independent predictors of prognosis. The accuracy of Tomita score, Tokuhashi revised score (2005), Katagiri New score and NESMS score in predicting 1-year mortality was 58.7%, 65.7%, 70.5% and 65% respectively, and the accuracy in predicting 6-month mortality was 63.7%, 62.2%, 61.2% and 56.8% respectively. The accuracy of SORG machine learning algorithm in predicting 1-year and 90 d mortality was 81.1%, 67.5%, respectively. Conclusion:No EGFR mutation, ALP>164 U/L and Hb≤125 g/L were risk factors affecting the survival of patients with spinal metastasis of lung cancer. SORG machine learning algorithm has good accuracy in predicting the postoperative survival rate of patients with lung cancer spinal metastasis.