Affiliated Hospital. Second Military Medical College. ShanghaiForty-two cases of chronic subdural hematoma were treated by irrigation and drainage. Symptoms of elevated intracranial -pressure, localizing neurologic signs and cerebral angiography established the diagnosis. Operative treatment consisted of evacuation of the hematoma by repeated irrigation through burr holes made on the frontal and parietal side of the hematoma. A plastic tube was placed through the parietal hole for continuous drainage for three to four days. The above mentioned treatment is simple to perform and rather safe even for the senile and debilitated patients. Among 44 patients all 19 preoperatively unconscious patients regained consciousness postoperatively. Twenty-three cases were followed up from one to seventeen years. All patients recovered completely without recurrence of hema-toma or epilepsy, except one patient who is still having hemiparesis at present.

Objective:To investigate the difference of accuracy between magnetic induction Freehand-3D ultrasound and two-dimensional ultrasound in measuring the volume of thyroid model.Methods:Forty thyroid models were established using porcine liver, and the Archimedes procedure was set as gold standard in the measurement of the volume of each model. The accuracy of measurement of the porcine thyroid model volume between two-dimensional ultrasound and magnetic induction Freehand-3D ultrasound were compared.Results:There were no significant differences in the accuracy of measurements of thyroid model volume among two-dimensional ultrasound, magnetic induction Freehand-3D ultrasound and Archimedes procedure (all P>0.05). Compared with the Archimedes procedure, magnetic induction Freehand-3D ultrasonic method showed higher correlation coefficient of the measurement of thyroid model volume ( r=0.998). Bland-Altman analysis showed the lower measure error with a relative error of 3.42% and range of -9.57% to 12.07%. And the limits of agreement were (-1.253, 0.999) in the magnetic induction Freehand-3D ultrasonic measurement. Conclusions:Compared with two-dimensional ultrasound, the magnetic induction Freehand-3D ultrasound show higher accuracy in the measurement of the volume of the thyroid model.

OBJECTIVETo investigate changes in the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, heart, lung, and testes of rats after exposure to electromagnetic pulse (EMP).

METHODSEighteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham and exposure groups. The exposure groups received EMP at 200 kV/m for 200 pulses with a repetition rate of 1 Hz. The expression of TJ proteins (ZO-1, occludin, actin) in the several organs was examined by western blotting.

RESULTSZO-1 levels in the cerebral cortex decreased 1 h and 3 h after EMP exposure compared with sham group (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed for occludin and actin. ZO-1 levels in the hippocampus increased 1 h and 3 h post-exposure (P<0.05), and occludin decreased after 3 h (P<0.05); however, actin was unaffected. ZO-1 levels in the heart increased 3 h post-exposure (P<0.05), occludin decreased 3 h post-exposure (P<0.05), and actin increased 1 h and 3 h post-exposure (P<0.05). ZO-1, occludin and actin levels in the lung decreased compared with those in the sham group (P<0.05). ZO-1 and occludin levels in the testes decreased 1 h and 3 h post-exposure (P<0.05), but actin showed no significant change.

CONCLUSIONExposure to EMP altered the expression levels of TJ proteins, particularly ZO-1, in the organs of adult male rats, which may induce changes in barrier structure and function.

Actins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; metabolism ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Gene Expression Regulation ; radiation effects ; Lung ; cytology ; metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; cytology ; metabolism ; Occludin ; Phosphoproteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testis ; cytology ; metabolism ; Tight Junctions ; metabolism ; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein

Objective To screen mutations in genes including ASXL1, TET2, IDH1, IDH2, SETBP1, MPL515, JAK2 exon 12 and JAK2V617 in 135 polycythemia vera (PV) patients. To assess progreasson and genomics characteristics post polycythemic myelofibrosis. Methods DNA sequencing of ASXL1(Exon12),TET2 (Exons 3-11),IDH1(Exon4),IDH2(Ex-on4),SEPBP1(Exon4),JAK2 exon 12 and MPL515 (Exon 10) genes were carried out using Sanger method. JAK2V617 muta-tion was detected by allele-specific PCR in patients with PV. In the mean time, the mutation load of JAK2V617F allele (V617F%) was evaluated by real-time PCR using Tagman MGB probe. Then, the significant of gene mutations and clinical outcomes of post-PV Myelofibrosis(PPMF)was analyzed. To study risk factors of PPMF, logistic regression were employed. Results ASXL1, TET2, IDH1, IDH2 were mutated in 7.69%(8/104), 5.26%(1/19) , 0.08%(1/120) and 0.08%(1/121) of all PV patient respectively. JAK2 was mutated in 82.22%(111/135) of PV patients with mutation rate of exon12 of 2.96%(4/135) and there were no mutation of MPL515 and SETBP1 in PV patients. ASXL1 mutation was found in 31.82%(7/22) PPMF patients. Spearman analysis showed that ASXL1 is correlated with JAK2V617F (V617F%) (rs=0.298,P=0.002). The hemo-globin was lower in patients with ASXL1 mutation than patient without mutation (wild type). Leukocyte count, V617F%>50%rate, thrombosis and PPMF were higher in patients with ASXL1 mutation than that of ASXL1 wild type(P＜0.05). ASXL1 mu-tation, V617F%>50% rate and splenomegaly were all risk factors of PPMF. Conclusion ASXL1 mutation is the risk-fac-tor of PPMF and may promote V617F%by some mechanism.

Objective: To optimize the formulation and preparation technology of hydroxy safflower yellow A solid lipid nanoparticles and evaluate its quality. Metheds: Hydroxy safflower yellow A solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared by the method of hot melt emulsification ultrasonic-low temperature using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as a lipid material and glyceryl monostearate as an emulsifier. Using entrapment efficiency as indexes, the amount of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, purified water, glyceryl monostearate, and Tween 80 aqueous solution (1%) as factors, orthogonal test was applied to optimize the formulation and preparation technology. Dialysis method was used to measure encapsulation efficiency. The morphology and uniformity of the nanoparticles were observed by transmission scanning electron microscopy. The particle size, polydispersion index and Zeta potential were determined by nano-particle size analyzer. And hydroxy safflower yellow A solid lipid nanoparticles sustained releasing characteristics was evaluated by the percentage of cumulative drug release. Results: The optimal process of prepared hydroxy safflower yellow A solid lipid nanoparticles was 5 mg of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 0.2 ml of purified water, 100 mg of glyceryl monostearate, and 1.8 ml of Tween 80 aqueous solution (1%). The size of the prepared nanoparticles was uniform and spherical. And the average particle size were (99.85 ± 3.04) nm, polydispersion index were (0.390 ± 0.021), Zeta potential were (-27.63 ± 2.12) mV, and the encapsulation efficiency of the hydroxy safflower yellow A solid lipid nanoparticles were (63.35 ± 2.65)%. The release rate of the nanoparticles was (44.35 ± 0.49)%. Conclusions The prepared hydroxy safflower yellow A solid lipid nanoparticles have good uniformity and good sustained release properties.

Objective To explore the role of resveratrol (RES) on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy of rat induced by isoproternol (ISO) and the effect of Res on the expression of GRP78 and GRP94 in endoplasmic reticulum stress of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Methods Hypertrophic model of cardiomyocytes was induced by ISO.Cardiomyocytes was divided into four group: control group, the model group, RES+ISO group and RES group.Hypertrophy status of cardiomyocytes was determined by Leica 2Q500 image analysis system measuring the cell surface area and the gene expression of ANP.The content of LDH and MDA was measured in different groups, and the protein expressions of GRP78 and GRP94 were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with control group, ISO induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, endoplasmic reticulum stress related factors GRP78 and GRP94 protein expression were increased, compared with ISO group, RES intervention effectively suppressed the cardiomyocytes hyper-trophy induced by ISO, reduced the protein expression of GRP78 and GRP94, at the same time, reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) release in cell medium.Conclusions Treatment of RES may protect cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, which is partially mediated by inhibiting the expression of ERS factors GRP78 and GRP94.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of ultrasound-guided percutaneous endomyocardial septal cryoablation of in vitro porcine hearts and to compare its effect with the percutaneous endomyocardial radiofrequency ablation.Methods:Experiment 1: Six in vitro porcine hearts were divided into 1 min ( n=2), 3 min ( n=2) and 5 min ( n=2) groups according to the cryoablation time, and all were subjected to ultrasound-guided percutaneous intra-myocardial septal cryoablation at 100% power respectively. After cryoablation, ultrasound images, the size of the solid dissection of the ice ball, and the size of the necrotic area after melting of the frozen ice ball were measured. Experiment 2: The in vitro porcine hearts were divided into cryoablation group ( n=3) and radiofrequency ablation group ( n=3), and ultrasound-guided percutaneous endomyocardial septal cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation were performed with 100% cryo power and 40 W radiofrequency power, and the extent of complete necrotic area and incomplete necrotic area were compared between the two ablation methods after 1 min. Results:Experiment 1: In the 1 min cryoablation time group ( n=2), the short diameter of the puck measured by ultrasound was (8.00±0.84)mm, the short diameter of the puck measured by solid was (8.38±1.19)mm, and the short diameter of the necrotic zone measured by solid was (8.35±0.83)mm; in the 3 min group ( n=2), the short diameter of the puck measured by ultrasound was (19.4±0.28)mm, and the short diameter of the puck measured by solid was (19.03±0.33)mm, solid measurement of the short diameter of the necrotic zone was (19.16±0.25)mm; in the 5 min group ( n=2), the short diameter of the puck measured under ultrasound was (26.4±2.54)mm, solid measurement of the short diameter of the puck was (26.01±0.24)mm, and solid measurement of the short diameter of the necrotic zone was (24.82±0.25)mm. Randomized blocks analysis of variance was performed on this data and the difference of block Factor b (freezing time: 1 min, 3 min, 5 min) among the three groups was statistically significant( F=505.884, P<0.001). The SNK- q test showed that all three groups differed from each other(all P<0.05). The analysis results for the treatment factors K (measurement modality-ultrasound image measurements, solid anatomical measurements of the puck, and measurements of the necrotic area after melting of the frozen puck) was not statistically significant ( F=0.470, P=0.635). Experiment 2: In the RF ablation group ( n=3), the ratio of incomplete necrotic zone to the radius of the RF ablation area was 0.64±0.01; in the cryoablation group ( n=3), the ratio of incomplete necrotic zone to the radius of the ablation area was 0.26±0.02. The difference was statistically significant( P=0.002) and it can be considered that the incomplete necrotic zone of cryoablation was smaller than that of RF ablation. Conclusions:Percutameous intramyocardial septal cryoablation is controllable in scope, ultrasound image evaluation of ablation area is more accurate and incomplete necrosis area is small, which may have potential applications in cardiac ablation.

Objective To analyse the prognosis of 117 newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients underwent intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods From Jan to Nov 2005, 117 NPC patients who were treated by IMRT were enrolled. There were 81 males and 36 females with a median age of 42 years (range 18-76 years). According to Chinese Fuzhou Staging system(1992), 11 cases were Stage I , 15 Stage Ⅱ, 54 Stage Ⅲ and 37 Stage ⅣA. IMRT was carried out with Peacock plan. The prescription dose to the gross target volume(GTVnx) of nasopharyngeal tumor was 68 Gy, that of positive neck lymph nodes (GTVnd) was 60-66 Gy, clinical target volume 1 (CTV1) was 60 Gy, and CTV2 was 54 Gy. Results After a median follow-up time of 48 months (range 10.5-59.5 months), the 3-and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 95.7 % and 89.7 %, the disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 91.5 % and 87.2%, and the local-regional control rates were 94.0 % and 91.5 %. Univariate analysis showed the KPS, stage, Fuzhou clinical stage, status of blood platelet before treatment and uric acid after treatment were correlated with OS rate. T stage was the only independent factor of prognosis in the COX stepwise regression model. Conclusion Radical IMRT significantly prolongs the survival of NPC patients. T stage is the only independent prognostic factor for NPC patients.

Objective To evaluate left ventriclular systolic function in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM) after modified Morrow surgery using two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI).Methods Twenty three HOCM patients were recruited in this study.Echocardiographic data from HOCM patients during pre-operation,1-month and 3-month post-operation were analyzed by Qlab software to compare the variation in systolic function indicators 1-month and 3-month post-operation including global and 16 segmental longitudinal strain,circumferential strain and conventional echocardiographic parameters of left ventricle.Results Compared with preoperative data of HOCM patients,postoperative LVOT diameter and pressure gradient,left atrial diameter and volume index were significantly decreased(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in left ventricular ejection fraction(P<0.05).Compared with the preoperative case,global and segmental longitudinal strain showed significant reduction after 1 week and gradually recovered after 3 months,without significant variation.The longitudinal strain of the anteroseptum reduced significantly and the longitudinal strain of the free wall increased after 3 months,however,the circumferential strain reduced significantly.The circumferential strain of basal and middle segment after 3 months had improved significantly than those of postoperative 1 week.The circumferential strain of surgical site is no obvious change and the strain of free wall was improved after 3 months.Conclusions 2D-STI can effectively evaluate global and regional systolic function of left ventricle for HOCM patients after modified Morrow surgery.