Objective To discuss the accuracy and objectivity of student standardized patients (SSP) in objective structured clinical examination(OSCE). Methods On March 30 and 31, 2013, 168 seven-year program medical students of class 2006 and 2007 took part in OSCE. Differences in as-sessment results between SPP and those given by professional doctors at 3 SP sites(angina pectoris SSP station, acute cholecystitis SSP station, depression SSP station) were analyzed. Each site had 4 items for assessment, with a total score of 100. Scores were given in strict accordance with a set of unified scoring rules. Counting data were presented as x±s. Data were verified using t test. P<0.05 was considered statis-tically considerable. Results At angina pectoris station, respective scores of SSP and professional physi-cians were 85.2±7.1 and 85.5±6.6, P=0.688. At acute cholecystitis station, respective score of SSP and professional physicians were 89.1±5.2 and 88.2±6.2, P=0.150. At depression station, respec-tive score of SSP and professional physicians were 79.8±7.5 and 78.2±7.0, P=0.078. Conclusion There is no statistical difference between scores given by SSP and those given by the physicians in OSCE. This proves that SSP who received standardized training delivers fair and accurate results in OSCE , and therefore is recommended for future application.

Utilizing standardized patient(SP) for classroom simulation is common in current medical education. In this paper, incentive measures and combination of SP with theoretical examination, simulated people and clinical practice were proposed after in-depth analysis of advantages and disadvan-tages of using medical students as SP in terms of recruitment, training, and application. All these mea-sures were intended to promote the development of simulative medical education that in turn to cultivate students to be competent in practice.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities and outcome of pregnancy for fetuses with increased nuchal translucency (NT). METHODS: Between July 2014 and February 2018, 247 fetuses with increased NT (>95th centile)were analyzed by chromosome microarray analysis (CMA). The fetuses were divided into ones with isolated increased NT (168 cases), increased NT with cystic hygroma (20 cases), increased NT with edema (12 cases) or increased NT with other abnormalities (47 cases). All couples were followed up by telephone calls. RESULTS: The rate of chromosomal abnormalities was 31.6% (78/247), which included 66 cases with chromosomal aneuploidies and 12 with copy number variants (CNVs). CNVs accounted for 31.4% (11/35) of total abnormalities among fetuses with isolated increased NT, whilst only 2.3% (1/43) of the total abnormalities among fetuses with non-isolated increased NT. Three fetuses with a normal CMA result had mental and physical retardation. Two of them were diagnosed with single gene disorders by whole exome sequencing. CONCLUSION CMA can detect more chromosomal microdeletion/microduplications among fetuses with isolated increased NT. Furthermore, fetuses with increased NT and anegative CMA result during pregnancy cannot exclude all adverse outcomes.
Aneuploidy ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Edema ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; Microarray Analysis ; Nuchal Translucency Measurement ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Objective: To determine the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities and outcome of pregnancy for fetuses with increased nuchal translucency (NT). Methods: Between July 2014 and February 2018, 247 fetuses with increased NT (>95th centile)were analyzed by chromosome microarray analysis (CMA). The fetuses were divided into ones with isolated increased NT(168 cases), increased NT with cystic hygroma(20 cases), increased NT with edema(12 cases) or increased NT with other abnormalities(47 cases). All couples were followed up by telephone calls. Results: The rate of chromosomal abnormalities was 31.6% (78/247), which included 66 cases with chromosomal aneuploidies and 12 with copy number variants(CNVs). CNVs accounted for 31.4% (11/35) of total abnormalities among fetuses with isolated increased NT, whilst only 2.3% (1/43)of the total abnormalities among fetuses with non-isolated increased NT. Three fetuses with a normal CMA result had mental and physical retardation. Two of them were diagnosed with single gene disorders by whole exome sequencing. Conclusion CMA can detect more chromosomal microdeletion/microduplications among fetuses with isolated increased NT. Furthermore, fetuses with increased NT and anegative CMA result during pregnancy cannot exclude all adverse outcomes.

Primary small bowel tumors have low incidence and contain predominantly solid components, and the lesions are similar and difficult to be detected and distinguished with multislice spiral CT (MSCT) plain scans. In this article we describe contrast-enhanced MSCT technique and imaging characteristics for solid small bowel tumors or small bowel tumors containing predominantly solid components, including the type and use of contrast agents. In contrast-enhanced MSCT, small bowel imaging with CT has the advantages of determining the true extent of intestinal wall lesions, the possible extent of wall penetration, the degree of mesenteric involvement, and distant metastases, as well as easiness to detect and identify the blood supply vessels of small bowel tumors and assessment of the corresponding complications. Contrast-enhanced MSCT has become the best noninvasive imaging technique for the diagnosis, evaluation, and staging of solid small bowel tumors or small bowel tumors containing predominantly solid components. CT texture analysis (CTTA) is a new research hotspot and can be useful for the correct diagnosis of primary small bowel tumors containing predominantly solid components.