A total of 178 patients with the time of mechanical ventilation beyond 48 hours in the second affiliated hospital of Wenzhou medical college from January 2010 to December 2013 were enrolled in this study,and there were fifty-six patients with ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT).The associated factors included age,sex,blood pressure,blood glucose,BMI,the time of mechanical ventilation,tracheal intubation methods,raise head to 30-45°,proton pump inhibitors (PPI),prophylactic antibiotic treatment,glasgow coma scale (GCS),acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APECHE) Ⅱ score.The related factors of VAT were evaluated by using univariate logistical regression analysis,and the statistical significant variables were analyzed by using multivariate logistical regression analysis.By using univariate logistical regression analysis age,blood glucose,the time of mechanical ventilation,raise head to 30-45°,prophylactic antibiotic treatment,GCS and APECHE Ⅱ score were the important factors of VAT (P ＜ 0.05),but sex,blood pressure,BMI,tracheal intubation methods and PPI were insignificant related to VAT(P ＞ 0.05).By using multivariate logistical regression analysis the time of mechanical ventilation (OR =4.072,95％ CI 2.036-8.146),GCS[2.198(1.155-4.184)],age[2.128 (1.119-4.046)],APECHE Ⅱ score [2.109 (1.084-4.104)] and raise head to 30-45 ° [0.488 (0.243-0.979)] were associated independently with the VAT.The time of mechanical ventilation,GCS,age over 60 years,APECHE Ⅱ score and raise head to 30-45°were the independent factors associated with VAT.

Objective To compare the effectiveness,correlativity,and acceptability of the three methods:bone marrow smear,biopsy and flow cytometry in diagnosis of lymphoma patients with bone marrow involvement.Methods 68 cases of early stage lymphoma were studied by observing and comparing positive rates of the three methods:bone marrow smear,biopsy and flow cytometry.Results After confirming the bone marrow involvement,the positive rates for the 68 cases using bone marrow smear,biopsy and flow cytometry were 16.2 ％ (11/68),33.8 ％ (23/68) and 10.3 ％ (7/68) respectively.Bone marrow biopsy had the highest positive rate compared to the other methods.It was statistically significant when comparing the differences of the 3 methods (P ＜ 0.05).According to the correlativity analysis of the 3 methods,bone marrow smear and biopsy correlated with each other (P =0.002),while flow cytometery did not (P =0.270).Conclusions Morphological examination of the bone marrow smear is a fundamental method to test bone marrow involvement in lymphoma.Bone marrow biopsy creates the highest positive rate and has clear advantage compared to the other methods,however,bone marrow smear must be used at the same time as a complement.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are a complex group of neurodevelopmental disorders. High heritability in ASD is still controversial, but epigenetics can better explain the pathogenesis of ASD and make up the lack of heritability research. This review discusses the role of epigenetic modification in ASD pathogenesis by analyzing the related research on epigenetic mechanism of ASD at home and abroad, in order to provide new treatment ideas and theoretical basis for clinical practice.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of concurrent and asynchronous radiochemotheray for early extranodal nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL).Methods:From 2007 to 2020, 278 patients with early NKTCL treated with comprehensive treatment in the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guizhou Medical University were recruited. According to the adjusted Nomogram-revised risk index (NRI) prognostic model, there were 49 cases in the good prognostic group without adverse prognostic factors (age>60 years old, increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ECOG score ≥2, primary tumor invasion (PTI), Ann Arbor stage Ⅱ, and 229 cases in the poor prognostic group with any adverse prognostic factors. 145 of these cases were treated with concurrent radiochemotherapy, and 133 of them were treated with asynchronous radiochemotherapy.Results:The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of the whole group was 71.0%, and the progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 67.6%. The 5-year OS rate in the good prognostic group was 95.6%, and 65.4% in the poor prognostic group ( P<0.001). In the poor prognostic group, the 5-year OS rates of patients with NRI=1(low-and moderate-risk group), NRI=2(moderate-and high-risk group), NRI≥3(high-risk group) were 72.1%, 61.1% and 47.7%, respectively ( P=0.007). There was no significant difference in curative effect between the concurrent and asynchronous radiochemotherapy groups. The 5-year OS rates were 70.6% and 69.8%( P=0.783), and the 5-year PFS rates were 67.6% and 65.2%( P=0.631). Further stratified analysis showed that the 5-year OS rates of patients with NRI=1 receiving concurrent and asynchronous radiochemotherapy were 73.1% and 76.5%( P=0.576), 62.6% and 69.3%( P=0.427) for those with NRI=2, and 58.1% and 42.3% for those with NRI≥3( P=0.954). Conclusions:Comprehensive treatment can significantly improve the prognosis of early NKTCL in the poor prognostic group. In the sequence of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, there is no significant difference in 5-year OS and PFS rates between concurrent and asynchronous radiochemotherapy. Sequential treatment with better tolerance can be adopted for early NKTCL with poor prognosis.

Objective:To analyze the efficacy and prognostic factors of radiotherapy combined with asparaginase/peaspartase-based chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of early stage extranodal natural-killer/T cell lymphoma of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT ENKTCL).Methods:267 early stage UADT ENKTCL patients were treated in Guizhou Cancer Hospital from October 2003 to February 2020. Among them, 229 patients received radiotherapy or radiotherapy combined with menpartaminase/permenidase-based chemotherapy regimen and 38 patients were treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated by Kaplan- Meier method, log-rank test was conducted for univariate analysis and Cox regression model was performed for multivariate analysis. Results:The 5-year OS and PFS were 67.2% and 61.5% in all patients. The 5-year OS and PFS in patients treated with radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy alone and chemotherapy alone were 71.7%, 35% and 49%(all P<0.001), and 66.4%, 35% and 28%(all P<0.001), respectively. According to the NRI risk stratification, 246 patients treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy were divided into the favourable and the unfavourable prognosis groups. The 5-year OS was 93.3% and 64.3%( P<0.001) and the 5-year PFS was 91.1% and 56.7%( P<0.001) in two groups. For patients receiving radiotherapy with a dose ≥50 Gy and<50 Gy, the 5-year OS was 72.4% and 55.7%( P<0.001), and the 5-year PFS was 68.3%, and 36.5%( P<0.001). In the unfavourable prognosis group, the 5-year OS of patients receiving ≥ 4 and<4 cycles of chemotherapy was 65.5% and 59.2%( P=0.049), and the 5-year PFS was 60.7% and 50.6%( P=0.018). Univariate analysis showed that stage Ⅱ, ECOG≥2, primary tumor invasion, radiotherapy alone, NRI≥1(Nomogram-revised risk index), EBV-DNA≥2 750 copies/ml, radiotherapy dose < 50 Gy, and<4 cycles of chemotherapy were associated with unfavorable 5-year OS and PFS (all P<0.05), and CHOP-like regimen was the risk factor of unfavorable 5-year PFS ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that primary tumor invasion, ECOG≥2, and radiotherapy dose <50 Gy were associated with unfavorable OS and PFS (all P<0.05), and stage Ⅱ was the risk factor of unfavorable 5-year OS ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The prognosis of early stage low-risk UADT ENKTCL of is favourable. Sufficient dose of extended involved-field radiotherapy is an important curative modality in early stage UADT ENKTCL. Compared with radiotherapy alone, radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy can significantly improve the prognosis of early stage UADT ENKTCL patients in the unfavourable prognosis group. Full-course chemotherapy can significantly prolong the long-term survival in the unfavorable prognosis group. The chemotherapy containing asparaginase can significantly enhance the prognosis of patients with early stage UADT ENKTCL.

The conventional equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration methods cannot be used to determine the protein binding of some peptides because of their non-specific adsorption on the semipermeable membrane or poor stability in the plasma. The method of dextran-coated charcoal adsorption combined with LC-MS/MS were used. Based on the kinetic principle of initial rate of candidate drugs absorbed to dextran-coated charcoal, seven phosphorylated peptides with the same amino acid sequence and different configurations in rat plasma were selected as the study model using; the protein binding in rat plasma were determined; the amino acid distribution rules affecting the changes in protein binding rates of peptide candidate drugs were summarized. The results suggest that the dextran charcoal adsorption method, as a supplementary method for the determination of plasma protein binding, is suitable for peptides or organic drug candidates that cannot be determined by traditional techniques.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the role of extended involved-field intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for patients with early stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) in a single center, and to explore the long-term effect of risk-adaptive therapy. Methods: Among 238 patients with early stage NKTCL, there were 191 in high-risk group [any risk factor of age > 60, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score≥2, primary tumor invasion, or Ann Arbor stage Ⅱ] and 47 in low-risk group (no risk factor). A total of 204 patients received radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy, 15 received radiotherapy alone and 19 received chemotherapy alone. One-hundred and eighty-six patients had radiotherapy at a dose ≥50 Gy and 159 patients received chemotherapy with asparaginase-based regimen. Results: The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate and progression- free survival (PFS)rate of all patients were 66.2% and 57.5%. Five-year OS and PFS rates in low-risk group were 91.8% and 88.0%, while 59.3% and 49.3% in high-risk group. The survival of patients in low-risk group were better than those in high-risk group (both P<0.001). The five-year OS rate in combined therapy group, radiotherapy group and chemotherapy group were 71.7%, 52.3% and 20.7%, respectively (P<0.001). The five-year PFS rate were 63.5%, 23.3% and 24.1%, respectively (P<0.001). Among 219 patients receiving radiotherapy, the 5-year OS and PFS rate of patients with primary site radiotherapy dose ≥ 50 Gy were 72.6% and 66.1%, higher than those of patients with a dose <50 Gy (57.3% and 30.9%, respectively; P=0.031, P<0.001). In the high-risk group, the 5-year OS and PFS rate of the patients who received radiotherapy combined with more than 4 cycles of chemotherapy were 66.5% and 62.6%, higher than those of patients received less than 4 cycles of chemotherapy (56.7% and 46.4%, P=0.045 and 0.020, respectively). Cox multivariate analysis showed that ECOG score (HR=2.208, P=0.001), primary site (HR=4.887, P<0.001), primary tumor invasion (HR=3.265, P=0.001) and radiation dose (HR=1.895, P=0.011) were independent factors of OS in early NKTCL patients. Conclusion Extended-involved field IMRT with radiation dose more than 50 Gy was the main treatment for patients with early stage NKTCL. Radiotherapy combined with adequate cycle chemotherapy significantly improved prognosis of high-risk patients.

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and side effects of P-Gemox regimen combined with intensity modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL).Methods:The data of 60 patients with ENKTL confirmed by pathomorphology and immunohistochemistry in Guizhou Cancer Hospital from July 2014 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received P-Gemox chemotherapy combined with intensity modulated radiotherapy (at least 2 cycles), and the efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated.Results:The complete remission rate of 60 patients was 65.0% (39/60), the partial remission rate was 25.0% (15/60), and the total effective rate was 90.0% (54/60). The main side reactions were myelosuppression, transaminase elevation and radiation mucositis; most of them were mild to moderate, which were relieved after treatment or the withdrawal of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. No treatment-related death cases were found. The overall survival rate of 1-year, 2-year, 3-year was 91%, 75% and 69%; the progression-free survival rate of 1-year, 2-year, 3-year was 86%, 68% and 62%. During the treatment, 3 cases died due to the progress of the disease and infection. Multivariate analysis showed that with and without hemophagocytic syndrome and radiotherapy dose were related to prognosis (all P < 0.05). Conclusion:P-Gemox, as the first-line induction chemotherapy regimen combined with intensity modulated radiotherapy has good short-term efficacy and safety for patients with ENKTL.

Objective: To analyze the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of patients with early-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of Waldeyer′s ring (WR-DLBCL) treated with CHOP-based chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 137 patients diagnosed with WR-DLBCL admitted to our hospitalfrom 2006 to 2018 were enrolled, including 22 patients with stage Ⅰ and 115 patients with stage Ⅱ WR-DLBCL. All patients received CHOP-based chemotherapy, of whom 62 receiving rituximab and 87 receiving involved-field radiotherapy. The overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and local recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test, was conducted for univariate analysis and Cox’s regression model was performed for multivariate analysis. Results: The 5-year OS, PFS, and LRFFS in the whole group were 78.6%, 69.5% and 83.2%, and 87.5%, 80.2%, 90.9% in the comprehensive treatment group, and 64.2%, 53.6% 72.9% in the chemotherapy group, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), international prognostic index score, large mass, rituximab, chemotherapy cycle and comprehensive treatment were the prognostic factors of OS and PFS. In addition, LDH, large mass and comprehensive treatment were the prognostic factors associated with LRFFS. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that LDH, comprehensive treatment mode and rituximab were the prognostic factors of OS. LDH and comprehensive treatment mode were the prognostic factors associated with PFS. LDH was a prognostic factor of LRFFS. Conclusion Patients with early-stage WR-BLBCL obtain excellent clinical prognosis. In the era of rituximab treatment, chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy remains an efficacious treatment of early-stage WR-BLBCL.

Objective: To isolate and identify Prevotella nigrescens (P.nigrescens) in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis and to analyze its tumor-promoting role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: Samples of gingival crevicular fluid were collected from patients with chronic periodontitis and cultured on GAM agar medium under anaerobic conditions. Black colonies on GAM agar plates were picked for subculture, and then the bacteria were isolated and purified. Bacterial identification was conducted using Gram staining and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. The isolated bacterial species was used to infect ESCC NE6-T cells and the changes in biological characteristics of the infected cells were evaluated. Results: Multiple bacterial colonies were observed after anaerobic culturing of gingival crevicular fluid samples for 120 h on GAM agar plates. A single bacterial colony with pure black and smooth appearance was obtained from grey black bacterial colonies with streak method. It was a Gram-negative bacterium with bead-like shape. It showed 99.78% 16S rDNA sequence identity with P. nigrescens F0103 and was named P. nigrescens LY01. P. nigrescens LY01 infection promoted the in vitro proliferation, migration and invasion of NE6-T cells and the growth of subcutaneous xenograft in nude mice. In addition, it could also induce the upregulation of Ki67 and activation of p-STAT3. Conclusions P. nigrescens inhabiting in gingival sulcus might promote the progression of ESCC in human with chronic periodontitis.