Objective To explore the effect of phenol oxidase antigen on liver pathologic change in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Methods 42d-aged adult worms were incubated in RPMI 1640 containing 0.05% sodium phenobarbital for 8 h. The worms were washed three times with PBS (pH 6.8) and homogenized with a Teflon pestle. The homogenate was then centrifuged at 3000 g for 20 min at 4 ℃. Supernatant fractions containing phenol oxidase (PO) were analyzed by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The rude antigen of PO was obtained by cutting the corresponding gel of PO activities. Three groups were set up to observe whether PO could induce protective immunity: experiment group, adjuvant control group and water control group. On day 42 post infection with (40?1) cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum, the mice were sacrificed to observe liver pathologic changes. Results The liver surface of PO immunized group was rather smooth and the liver color was slightly gray. A few pale nods were seen indistinctly but not clearly. Necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were not clear. There were many immature eggs without granuloma reaction. The mean diameter and area of the granuloma in the experiment group were less than those in the control group. There were significant differences among the 3 groups (P

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of black plastic mulching in mountainous areas of Yunnan Prov-ince. Methods In Leqiu Village,Nanjian County,Yunnan Province,the terraced fields with Oncomelania hupensis snails were divided into A,B,C,D,E groups,and of which,A,B,C,D groups,as the experimental groups,were administered with sim-ple black plastic mulching for 30 days,60 days,90 days and 120 days respectively;Group E,as the control group,was adminis-tered with 50%niclosamide ethanolamine salt wettable powder spraying. Results In Group C and D(simple black film mulching for 90 days and 120 days),no snails were found after the administration,the average density of living snails decreased by 100%, and the cost of one year was similar to that of the control group. Conclusion The molluscicidal effect of black plastic mulching is good in mountainous areas.

By far, mobile learning has been widely applied in nursing education. The tools commonly used include smartphones and tablets. Classroom teaching is assisted by WeChat, video, and online education platforms, thereby increasing the forms and methods of teaching, enhancing the interest of students, facilitating the communication between teachers and students and stimulating the development of nursing education to some extent. However, there are limitations and shortcomings in mobile learning. For example, some students may use mobile devices for some irrelevant purposes; information forwarding might involve privacy; and the costs of mobile devices are high. This paper tries to summarize the status quo of the application of mobile learning in nursing education with the hope to provide reference for nursing education.

Objective To explore the mediating effect of coping styles on the relationship between social support and self-management among young patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes(T2DM).Methods A total of 169 young patients with newly-diagnosed T2DM at China-Japan Friendship Hospital were investigated with the Medical Coping Mmodes Questionnaire,Social Support Rating Scale and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities.Results Among young patients with newly-diagnosed T2DM,there was a positive correlation between social support and confronce coping style(r =0.250,P＜0.01).The confronce coping style was positively correlated with self-management(r=0.367,P＜0.01).Confronce coping style could explain 15.3%variance of self-management(P＜0.01).Confronce coping style had a mediating effect on the relationship between social support and self-management.Conclusions Confronce coping style has a predictive role on self-management among young patients with newly-diagnosed T2DM,and confronce coping style has a mediating effect between social support and self-management.

Objective To analyze the changes in blood metabolites in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) within 36 h and in the 3rd week after birth in order to find new biomarkers for diagnosis of BPD.Methods The BPD group included 20 premature infants (＜32 gestational weeks) hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and diagnosed with BPD from January 2014 to October 2016.Another 20 non-BPD premature infants with similar gestational age (within one week) who were admitted during the same period were enrolled in the control group.Blood samples of both groups were collected within 36 h and in the 3rd week after birth.Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect blood metabolites and the obtained data were subjected to metabolomics analysis using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis.Chi-square test (or Fisher's exact test),Mann-Whitney U test or t test was used for statistical analysis.Results (1) Twenty and 11 blood samples were collected within 36 h and in the 3rd week after birth from the BPD and the control group,respectively.Compared with the control group,the interval between premature rupture of membranes and delivery,the average length of hospital stay,non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation duration and the total duration of supplemental oxygen during hospitalization in the BPD group were longer [M (P25-P75) or ((x)±s):13.5 (0.0-98.3) vs 0.0 (0.0-0.0) h,Z=3.049;(66.6±20.5) vs (43.9±9.3) d,t=4.574;267.0 (199.5-516.1) vs 110.5 (0.0-238.5) h,Z=-3.428;117.5 (0.0-269.3) vs 0.0 (0.0-72.0) h,Z=-2.785;(1 184.0±386.6) vs (595.9±270.3) h,t=5.576;all P＜0.05].(2) Within 36 h after birth,the levels of glycine,proline,tryptophan and piperamide-C5:1 in the BPD group were decreased obviously compared with those in the control group [(201.59±65.01) vs (290.90± 137.56) μmol/L,t=-2.625;103.55 (72.43-434.57) vs 439.48 (103.80-608.98) μ mol/L,Z=-2.245;29.54 (20.30-41.04) vs 47.42 (29.46-73.57) μ mol/L,Z=-2.326;50.04 (35.29-104.78) vs 95.79 (76.21-129.97) μmol/L,Z=-2.029;all P＜0.05].However,the glutamate level was increased [(224.30±67.40) vs (182.67±40.87) μmol/L,t=2.362,P＜0.05].(3) In the 3rd week after birth,the levels of glycine,proline and tryptophan in the BPD group were lower compared to those in the control group [(185.92±61.51) vs (271.85± 115.85) μmol/L,t=-2.177;(39.41± 18.22) vs (63.92± 17.50) μ mol/L,t=-3.217;90.23 (37.93-146.37) vs 330.15 (47.79-622.90) μ mol/L,Z=-2.134;all P＜0.05].However,the ornithine level was higher [(75.09± 43.21) vs (39.25 ± 16.53) μ mol/L,t=2.569,P＜0.05].Conclusions Glycine,proline and tryptophan in blood are potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of BPD.

Wechat has been widely used in nursing clinical clerkship teaching now. The application of Wechat in nursing clinical teaching mainly takes the form of Wechat group chat, Wechat public signal platform, Wechat friendship circle, online test and so on. Among them, Wechat group chat and Wechat public signal platform are used widely. Wechat enriches the teaching way, and improve the effectiveness of teaching, moreover, it facilitates the relationship between teachers and students. However, there are the ongoing challenges such as lacking of supervision and protection of intellectual property rights.

Postprandial hypotension is an abnormal regulation of blood pressure, which is common in the elderly. Due to insidious symptoms, postprandial hypotension is easily neglected by patients and medical staff in clinical practice, but it has a high degree of harm. There are many factors related to the occurrence of postprandial hypotension, including demographic factors, disease-related factors, lifestyle factors, postprandial postural factors and so on. Among demographic factors, age is positively associated with the occurrence of postprandial hypotension. Among disease-related factors, the existence of some basic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, and the use of most kinds of anti-hypertensive drugs can increase the risk of postprandial hypotension. Among lifestyle factors, smoking is a risk factor for postprandial hypotension: while reducing the intake of staple foods, drinking large amounts of water or drinking green tea before meals may reduce the risk of postprandial hypotension. By taking different postures after meals, postural factors affect the rate of gastrointestinal emptying and then affect the occurrence of postprandial hypotension. Among the above factors, it is feasible to prevent postprandial hypotension by changing postprandial posture.

Gastrointestinal tract is the main site of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Intestinal flora and its metabolites can affect the physicochemical properties, nutritional status and immune function of the intestinal tract. Improving the state of intestinal flora of AIDS patients can improve the immune function of patients and suppress the damage caused by HIV virus to the body. Moringa oleifera combined enteral nutrition can improve the intestinal microecology of AIDS patients and effectively improve the nutritional status of the patients, but there is the possibility of interaction with antiviral drugs, garlic, hypericum perforatum and other herbs. The microbial ecological agents have a weak regulation effect on the intestinal flora of AIDS patients, but it can improve the immune function of patients to a certain extent. Fecal microbiota transplantation does not significantly change the diversity of intestinal flora in AIDS patients, and the long-term complications are still to be clarified, but it can improve the immunity of patients to some extent. The preservation of microbial ecological agents, dietary regulation of intestinal flora and nursing after fecal microbiota transplantation in AIDS patients are still to be studied.

Objective:To analyze factors associated with timely vaccination of pertussis-containing vaccines in children born in Shanghai from 2019 to 2023.Methods:Children born in Shanghai between 2019 and 2023 were selected using a stratified random sampling method, and their vaccination data were obtained from the Shanghai Vaccine Management and Vaccination Service Information System. The vaccination rates, timely vaccination rates, and the proportions of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-haemophilus influenzae type b combination vaccine (DTaP-Hib) and diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus-haemophilus influenzae type b combination vaccine (DTaP-IPV-Hib) for the substitution of diphtheria- tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) were calculated. Also, the factors associated with timely vaccination rate was analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:The average vaccination coverage rate of pertussis-containing vaccines in children born in Shanghai from 2019 to 2023 ranged from 94.71% to 99.53%. There were significant differences in the vaccination coverage of the 1 st-4 th doses of pertussis-containing vaccines among children born in different years (all P<0.05), but no gender and area specific significant differences were observed (all P>0.05). Non-national immunization program (non-NIP) vaccines were used to substitute DTaP vaccines in some children, with the proportion of DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccine accounting for 50.11%-52.69% and the proportion of DTaP-Hib vaccine accounting for 27.22%-28.43%. The proportions of DTaP-Hib and DTaP-IPV-Hib for the substitution of DTaP had increasing trends over the years. The overall timely vaccination rate of pertussis-containing vaccine vaccination was 84.09%. Analysis on the factors affecting the timely vaccination rate showed that the rate gradually decreased with the increase of the doses. Children who received the self-paid quadrivalent or pentavalent vaccines were less likely to have vaccination delays. Birth year had a significant impact on the timely vaccination rate, while the area had less impact. Additionally, the timely vaccination rate was also influenced by the degree of non-pharmaceutical intervention measures. Conclusions:The substitution of pertussis- containing vaccines with non-NIP vaccines was common in Shanghai. The coverage and timeliness of pertussis-containing vaccine vaccination were relatively high. The timely vaccination rate was significantly associated with gender, dose, vaccine type, and the degree of non-pharmaceutical interventions. There was a certain proportions of delayed and missed vaccinations, and it is necessary to pay attention to children who are not vaccinated timely and conduct high-quality catch-up vaccination to ensure timely and complete vaccination of pertussis-containing vaccines.

Objective:To explore the advantages and value for clinical application of clavicle segment osteotomy approach with pectoralis major muscle pedicle in surgical resection of posterior brachial plexus tumour.Methods:From April 2010 to December 2020, 6 patients with brachial plexus tumour behind the clavicle were treated. Two patients had the tumour on the left brachial plexus and 4 on the right. Two patients had the tumours located in the upper trunk of brachial plexus, 2 in the middle trunk, 1 in the medial plexus and 1 in the posterior bundle. The neurological function evaluation were grade II in 3 cases and grade III in 1 case preoperatively. The tumours sized from 3.0 cm× 3.0 cm×2.0 cm to 11.0 cm×8.0 cm×6.0 cm. The clavicular segment osteotomy approach with the pedicle of the pectoralis major was applied in order to expose the surgical field and remove the nerve tumour. All patients underwent regular postoperative outpatient clinic follow-up to record the sensation of the affected limb and the recovery of muscle strength, tumour recurrence and fracture healing.Results:In the operation, it was found that there was still a little glial-like tissue in the nerve sheath after complete dissection of the tumours in 2 patients. Postoperative pathological examination reported that there were 4 schwannoma, 1 malignant peripheral schwannoma and 1 neurolipoma. The postoperative follow-up lasted for 6 to 34 months, with an average of 12.8 months. All patients showed no symptoms of brachial plexus injury or tumour recurrence. The clinical symptoms were relieved or disappeared. The neurological function evaluation reached grade III in 5 patients and grade IV in 1 case. At the same time, the internal fixation of the clavicle was satisfactory and achieved bone union in all cases. Fracture healing time was 2.5 to 4.5 months, with an average of 3.2 months. The internal fixation was removed from 3 patients after operation in 1 year. No obvious limb movement disorder and periarthritis of shoulder and other complications occurred.Conclusion:The transclavicular osteotomy approach with the pedicle of the pectoralis major can fully expose the anatomical alignment of the brachial plexus and the relationship adjacent and between the tumour and the surrounding tissues in the surgery for a brachial plexus tumour behind the clavicle, which is helpful for a complete tumour resection. It is a feasible method to treat brachial plexus tumour behind the clavicle by finding residual tumour-like tissue, reducing the risk of surgery and tumour recurrence, and providing excellent blood supply to the osteotomy segment of the clavicle to promote fracture healing.