Objective To investigate and establish thyroid function reference range during 3 pregnant stages in Chaoshan area:thyrotropin (TSH),free thyroxin (FT4).Methods 863 healthy pregnant women visited antenatal clinic in the Second Affiliated Hospital were included in this study.By detecting serum levels of TSH,FT4,thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb),and thyroid peroxi-dase antibody (TPOAb)in these women,the euthyroid reference ranges of serum TSH and FT4 in different pregnant stages were established based on the standards of the United States National Institute of Clinical Biochemical (NACB)guidelines.Results The ranges of serum TSH in the first,second and third trimester of pregnancy were 0.13-3.93 mIU/L,0.14-4.55mlU/L,and 0.42-3.85 mIU/L,respectively.The ranges of serum FT4 levels in these 3 stages were 12.00-23.34 pmol/L,6.27-12.65pmol/ L, and 9.80-18.20 pmol/L,respectively.The range of serum TSH levels in our study were similar with the reference range recom-mended by the guidelines in China,but were different compared with the American Thyroid Association (ATA)guidelines.Conclu-sion TSH,FT4 levels show dynamic changes during different stages of pregnancy.The thyroid function ranges of healthy pregnant women in Chaoshan area are quite different compared with non-pregnant population and pregnant women in distinct area.Due to the differences of diet,iodine intake,economy and culture in Chaoshan area,regional thyroid function reference ranges specific for differ-ent stages of pregnant women should be established.

AIM:To explore the production and cytotoxicity of the reactive oxygen species(ROS)induced by diallyl trisulfide(DATS)in HL-60 cells.METHODS:HL-60 cells were either treated with various doses of DATS alone,or DATS combination with apocynin,a specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor,or with antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC)for 0,1,3,6,12 and 24 h,respectively.The intracellular ROS level was measured by flow cytometry.The activity of NADPH oxidase was evaluated by NBT reduction experiment.The content of both malondialdehyde(MDA)and the protein carbonyl were analyzed by spectrophotometer.RESULTS:The results from flow cytometry indicated that DATS significantly increased the intracellular ROS level in HL-60 cells(P

Objective To investigate the effect of long-term high-fat diet on cognitive function and hippocampus neurons ultrastructure in obese rats.Methods Forty SD rats were randomly assigned to a high fat diet (HFD) group and a common diet (CD) group.Meanwhile,HFD-induced obese rat model were established.The spatial learning and memory were measured by the Morris water maze,and the neurons ultrastructural changes in rat hippocampus CA1 region at the corresponding period were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results The average weight of rats was 25％,28％,and 22％ higher in the HFD group than in the CD group at the 12,16,and 20 weeks,respectively;the Lee's indexes were 6％,4％,and 8％ higher;the average swimming latency were 52％,44％,and 40％ longer;the average swimming distance were 85％,45％,and 51％ longer;the average swimming speed were 57％,34％,and 18％ higher;the duration of staying in the target quadrant were 32％,54％,and 63％ shorter;and the average times of crossing the plate form were 30％,34％,and 34％ shorter,respectively (all P ＜0.001).In comparison of ultrastructure in hippocampus CA1 region of rats at corresponding time points,the amounts of degenerated and necrosis neurons,of the deformed and vacuolar mitochondria,and of the less rough endoplasmic reticulum were significantly more at 12,16,and 20 weeks in the HFD group than in the CD group.Conclusions Long-term HFD-induced obesity damages the structure of neurons in the hippocampus,impairs spatial learning and memory function,and accelerates cognitive aging in rats.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of Kwak and ACR( 2017 ) thyroid imaging reporting and data systems ( T I‐RADS ) for thyroid nodules . Methods Cases of thyroid nodule who underwent surgery from January 2015 to M arch 2018 in 15 hospitals in Sichuan province were collected and the ultrasonographic features of thyroid nodules were retrospectively analyzed by trained senior ultrasound physicians using Kwak and ACR T I‐RADS classification methods . Totally ,12 712 thyroid nodules were observed ,7 023 thyroid nodules in 7 023 cases with complete ultrasound and surgical and pathological data were eventually enrolled in the study . T hyroid nodules with solid ,hypoechoic or very hypoechoic ,tall/wide ratio ≥ 1 , margin ill‐defined and microcalcification were classified as malignant signs of ultrasound . M alignant percentage was calculated and diagnostic tests were performed . Results ① T here was a statistical difference between the benign and malignant nodules in the two types of T I‐RADS classification ( P＜0 .01) . ② T he area under ROC curve of Kwak and ACR in the diagnosis of malignant nodules were 0 .89 and 0 .84 ,respectively . T he Youden index of Kwak and ACR were 0 .66 and 0 .57 ,respectively . ③Taking Kwak T I4B and ACR T R4 as critical points for malignancy ,the sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Kwak T I 4B were 75 .0% ,90 .9% ,83 .2% ,and 85 .9% , respectively . T he accuracy of Kwak T I4B was 84 .9% ; T he sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ACR T R4 were 88 .2% ,68 .9% ,62 .9% ,and 90 .8% ,respectively . T he accuracy of ACR T R4 was 76 .2% . T he Kappa value of Kwak TI4B and ACR T R4 was 0 .52 . T he χ2 value of Kwak T I4B and ACR T R4 was 2 174 .6 ( P ＜ 0 .01 ) . Conclusions T he diagnostic values of two T I‐RADS classification methods for thyroid malignant nodules are high . T he overall efficiency of Kwak T I‐RADS classification method is better than that of ACR TI‐RADS classification method .