Objective To compare the relationship of acceptable noise level (ANL) between monaural and binaural hearing aid in patients with bilateral moderate-to-severe hearing loss, and to investigate the clinical significance of the ANL in binaural hearing aid fitting and the predictive role in the hearing aid effect assessment.Methods A total of 15 patients with bilateral moderate-to-severe hearing loss were selected, and the most comfortable levels (MCL), background noise level (BNL) and calculate ANL were tested, respectively, in 4 conditions: without hearing aids, fitted only left ears, fitted only right ears and binaural fitting.Results The ANL in 15 subjects measured at 4 conditions were 18.87±5.26, 12.60±2.47, 12.00±2.90, and 5.13±1.25 dB S/N, respectively.The MCLs were 80.40±9.28, 63.73±5.15, 62.27±5.36, and 61.80±6.05 dB HL, respectively.The BNLs were 61.67±6.14, 51.13±3.94, 50.27±4.50, and 56.67±5.16 dB HL.The ANL difference between the only left and right fitting groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The ANL difference between the monaural or the binaural hearing aid group and without hearing aids group were statistically significant (P<0.05), respectively.Compared with the monaural hearing aid group, the binaural hearing aid group had significantly lower ANL(P<0.05).Conclusion For people with bilateral hearing loss, hearing aids can improve their ability to manage the background noise, and binaural hearing aid fitting is better than monaural.

Objective To observe the benefits and harms of nilestriol in elderly women with hypertension.Methods Forty-one elderly women with hypertension who had received antihypertensive therapy were randomly divided into two groups. Women in group A (n=21) received oral nilestriol, wherase those in group B(n=20) received oral placebo for six months. Blood sugar(Bs), blood lipids, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1(sICAM-1),E-selectin and plasma fibrinogen(Fbg),tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen(tPA),plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI-1),von Willebrand factor(vWF) were measured before starting treatment and 6th month after treatment.Results Levels of total cholesterol(TC),Fbg,tPA,PAI-1,vWF,sICAM-1,E-selectin in group A were significantly lower than those in group B.Conclusions In elderly women with hypertension, nilestriol could improve the metabolism of lipids,endotheliocytes function,inflammation factors expression,thrombosis and hemostasis.

Osteosarcoma ( OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Currently, the combination of surgical resection and chemotherapy is the main method of treatment for OS in the clinic.Al-though, the survival rate has been greatly improved in OS patients with localized disease, the 5-year survival rate has re-mained <20%.It is very important to understand the cause of disease, to develop novel drugs or therapeutics, and to learn the disease through animal models.This review will introduce the progress of animal models of osteosarcoma over the last years.

Objective To investigate any potential and independent demographic and serologic risk factors contributing to bone destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) . Methods A total of 445 patients with RA were recruited in this study. Three autoantibodies including rheumatoid factor ( RF) , anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody ( anti-CCP antibody) and anti-citrullinated alpha-enolase peptide 1 antibody ( anti-CEP-1 antibody) were quantified by using specific ELISA kits. The hand radiographs of all subjects were graded by using the modified Sharp/van der Heijde score ( Sharp score) . The potential and in-dependent risk factors were assessed by using univariate linear regression analyses and the stepwise multiple regression analysis, respectively. Results Based upon the univariate regression analyses, 7 covariates were identified as the potential risk factors for bone destruction in patients with RA, which were female (β=0. 100, P=0. 035), longer disease duration (β=0. 498, P=3. 26×10-29), RF (β=0. 096, P=0. 042), younger age at onset (β=-0. 312, P=1. 60 × 10-11 ), anti-CCP antibody positive (β=0. 202, P=1.74×10-5), anti-CEP-1 antibody positive (β=0.148, P=0.017) and positive for either anti-CCP or anti-CEP-1 antibodies (β=0. 157, P=1. 42×10-3). However, smoking (β=-0. 121, P=0. 018) were identi-fied as the potential protective factors. The multiple regression analysis indicated that the longer disease du-ration (P=2. 24×10-15) and anti-CCP antibody positive (P=0. 012) were independent risk factors for bone destruction. Conclusion Female, longer disease duration, younger age at onset, RF, anti-CCP and anti-CEP-1antibodies are potential risk factors for bone damage in patients with RA. Moreover, longer disease du-ration and anti-CCP antibody are two independent risk factors contributing to bone destruction in RA.

Currently, the value of adjuvant therapy after radical resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma remains elusive. Some studies have reported that radiotherapy can improve the locoregional control rate and overall survival of patients. However, the design of radiotherapy target area, intervention time and dose of radiotherapy are controversial. In this article, literature review was conducted and the current status and controversy of adjuvant radiotherapy after radical resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were reviewed.

Objective To detect the anti-citrullinated alpha-enolase peptide 1 (CEP-1) antibody in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods One hundred and twenty-nine patients with RA were enrolled randomly. Thirty-one patients with primary Sj?gren's syndrome (pSS), 32 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 32 patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and 106 healthy controls (HC) were include into this study. Anti-CEP-1 antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlations between serum anti-CEP-1 antibody and clinical features, disease activities,laboratory tests or Sharp scores of RA patients were evaluated. Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test were used for statistical analysis. Results ①Anti-CEP-1 antibodies were positive in 64.3%(83/129) of RA patients, 22.6%(7/32) of pSS patients, 12.5%(4/32) of SLE patients, none of OA patients (0/32) or healthy controls. The positivity of anti-CEP-1 antibody was significantly higher than those in pSS ( χ2=17.7), SLE ( χ2=25.7), OA ( χ2=42.5), and healthy controls ( χ2=102.6) (P<0.01, respectively). The specificity of anti-CEP-1 antibody in RA was 94.5%. ②In patients without anti-citrullinated protein/peptide autoantibodies (ACPA), rheumatoid factor (RF) or the patients without ACPA and RF, the positive rate of anti-CEP-1 antibody was 30.3%(10/33), 41.9%(18/43) and 22.7%(5/22), respectively. ③Compared with patients without anti-CEP-1 antibodies, patients with anti-CEP-1 anti-bodies had higher rates of joint deformity, bone erosion and high disease activities (P<0.05, respectively). ④ Higher rate of interstitial lung disease (ILD) was found in RA patients with anti-CEP-1 antibody (19.3% vs 4.3%, χ2=5.494, P<0.05). ⑤The patients with anti-CEP-1 anti-body had higher rates of elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) ( χ2=6.543) and decreased serum albumin ( χ2=6.59), compared to patients without anti-CEP-1 antibody (P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion Anti-CEP-1 antibody has high sensitivity and specificity for RA diagnosis. Combination of anti-CEP-1 antibody with other RA antibodies might improve the early diagnosis of RA. Anti-CEP-1 antibody is significantly associated with joint damage, disease activity and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.

L-asparaginase (L-ASN) is widely applied in the treatment of malignant tumor and low-acrylamide food production, however, the low expression level hampers its application. Heterologous expression is an effective strategy to increase the expression level of target enzymes, and Bacillus is generally used as the host for efficient production of enzymes. In this study, the expression level of L-asparaginase in Bacillus was enhanced through optimization of expression element and host. Firstly, five signal peptides (SP_SacC, SP_AmyL, SP_AprE, SP_YwbN and SP_WapA) were screened, among which SP_SacC showed the best performance, reaching an activity of 157.61 U/mL. Subsequently, four strong promoters (P43, P_ykzA-P43, P_Ubay and P_bacA) from Bacillus were screened, and tandem promoter P_ykzA-P43 showed the highest yield of L-asparaginase, which was 52.94% higher than that of control strain. Finally, three Bacillus expression hosts (B. licheniformis Δ0F3 and BL10, B. subtilis WB800) were investigated, and the maximum L-asparaginase activity, 438.3 U/mL, was reached by B. licheniformis BL10, which was an 81.83% increase compared with that of the control. This is also the highest level of L-asparaginase in shake flask reported to date. Taken together, this study constructed a B. licheniformis strain BL10/P_ykzA-P43-SP_SacC-ansZ capable of efficiently producing L-asparaginase, which laid the foundation for industrial production of L-asparaginase.
Bacillus licheniformis/metabolism* ; Asparaginase/genetics* ; Bacillus/genetics* ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics* ; Bacillus subtilis/genetics* ; Bacterial Proteins