With the social development,the number of obese people is increasing.Recent studies have shown that obese women to have breast cancer disease's risk is higher than normal body weight,and etabolic disorders growing threat to human health.Estrogen,aromatase have contributed to the occurrence and development of breast cancer after menopause.AMPK is a negative regulator of aromatase,it can inhibit proliferation of cancer cells by metabolic pathways.What's more metformin,resveratrol inhibited proliferation by this route has been confirmed in breast cancer cells.Here,the author do an overview of the role of obesity-related factor for postmenopausal breast tissue estrogen synthesis and metabolic abnormalities affect aromatase expression in breast.

Objective To compare the analgesia effect and the safety of Flurbiprofen Axetil (FA) and Parecoxib Sodium (PS) after posterior lumbar fusion surgery. Methods 90 patients undergoing internal fixation of lumbar spine randomly assigned to 3 groups:those in Group A(n = 30) received 100 mg of FA; those in Group B (n=30) received 40 mg of PS and those in Group C received saline.The VAS scores of 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h after operation and the dose of tramadol hydrochloride (TH) used and the side effect was recorded respectively. Results Group A and B had significantly better analgesic effect than Group C(P<0.05). Group A and B had lower average dose of TH than Group C (P<0.05). The VAS scores in Group A was lower than that in Group B in 2 h after the surgery. The VAS scores after the surgery showed no significant difference between Group A and B in 6 , 12, 24 h after the surgery. The VAS scores in Group A was higer than that in Group B in 48,72 h after the surgery. Conclusion Both PS and FA can alleviate postoperative pain and have fewer adverse reactions.

Objective To establish a method for determination of imatinib mesylate liposome and related substances. Methods The liquid chromatography was carried out on a Kromasil C18 column. The mobile phase A consisted of methanol-octane sulfonate solution(42:58). The mobile phase B consisted of methanol-octane sulfonate solution(4:96). The flow rate of gradient elution was 1. 2 mL·min-1 . The detection wavelength was 268 nm. The column temperature was room temperature. Results The intermediates and degraded substances could be seperated under the selected chromatographic conditions. Imatinib mesylate showed a good linear relationship within 1-100μg·mL-1,r=0. 999 1(n=5). Conclusion The method is specific, accurate,sensitive,and simple,and can be used for quality control of imatinib mesylate liposome.

Objective To understand how Vibrio vulnificus hemolysin (VvhA) affects the viability of murine liver CD4+ T cells as well as its effects on the numbers of mitochondria and the expression of CD62L. Methods The primary murine liver monocytes (MNs) were isolated from C57BL/ 6 mice and then treated with recombinant VvhA (rVvhA) for 6 hours in vitro. The viability of murine liver CD4+T cells and the expression of CD62L were measured by staining with anti-mouse CD4, CD8, CD44, CD62L and cell via-bility fluorescent dye or fluorescent antibody. Moreover, the cells were simply incubated with MitoTracker or JC-1 probes to label mitochondria and mitochondrial membrane potential, which were further analyzed by using flow cytometry analysis. Results With the increase in the doses of rVvhA, the viability of murine liv-er CD4+T cells was decreased from 81. 5% to 15. 8% . The expression of CD62L on the surface of murine liver CD4+T cells was dramatically decreased. Both the murine liver na?ve and effector CD4+ T cells were sensitive to the cytotoxicity of rVvhA. Moreover, treating murine liver CD4+ T cells with rVvhA resulted in significantly decreased numbers of mitochondria and lower mitochondrial membrane potential. Conclusion The cytotoxicity of rVvhA to murine liver CD4+T cells might be achieved through inhibiting the expression of CD62L, decreasing the numbers of mitochondria and lowering mitochondrial membrane potential.

Objective:To establish a method for determining three residual organic solvents in nimodipine liposomes. Methods:The samples were injected into a DB-624 capillary column (30 m × 0. 32 nm,1. 8 μm) by a headspace sampler and analyzed with an FID detector, the carrier gas was nitrogen, the injector temperature was 250℃, and the detector temperature was 250℃. The column temperature was programmed raised. Results:Three residual solvents, namely ethanol, acetone and acetic ether were completely sepa-rated. There was a good linearity within the experimental concentration range. The average recovery was 98. 9%,98. 5% and 99. 4%(RSD=0. 32%,1. 12%,0. 76%,n=9), respectively. The detection limits was 0. 20, 0. 18 and 0. 22μg·ml-1, respectively . Con-clusion:The method is rapid, sensitive and accurate. It can be used in the determination of residual organic solvents in nimodipine li-posomes.

Objective To investigate the serum concentrations of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in patients with diabetic nephropathy and SPARC mRNA and protein expressions in renal tissue of db/db mice.Methods Serum SPARC levels in normal subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (without diabetic nephropathy),chronic renal failure (without diabetes mellitus),and diabetic nephropathy were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RT-PCR,Western blot,and immunofluorescence were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of SPARC in renal tissue of db/db mice.Results The serum level of SPARC in diabetic nephropathy group was significantly higher than those in normal group,type 2 diabetes mellitus,and chronic renal failure group [(5.78 ± 1.41 vs 3.58 ±0.41,4.51 ± 1.08,and 3.81 ± 1.16) μg/L,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01].The SPARC level in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group was higher than that in normal group (P＜0.05),but there was no difference between normal group and chronic renal failure.SPARC mRNA and protein levels in renal tissue of db/db mice were higher compared with the littermates (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The long term hyperglycemic state in patients with diabetic nephropathy causes pathological change of renal tissue.Simultaneously,increased secretion of SPARC from renal tissue results in elevation of serum SPARC level and may play a role in pathological change of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective Sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome share similar pathophysiological mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia among health examination population, and to analyze the relationship between sar-copenia and blood pressure, blood glucose, uric acid and lipids. Methods Physical examination data of 1191 healthy persons in the medical examination center of the hospital from Mar 2011 to Jun 2011 were collected. The weight, skeletal muscle, body fat, body mass index ( BMI) , waist circumference,body fat percentage, waist-hip ratio and visceral fat area were analyzed by human body compositionanalyzer and the prevalence of sarcopenia was observed. At the same time, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipo-protein-cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , low density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C) , uric acid and fasting blood glucose were also detected. Results The prevalence rate of sarcopenia of the subjects was 5.21%, and the highest incidence was found in ≥60 years group( 11.11%) . The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 33.8% and 10.2%, respectively. The prevalence of sarcopenia is grad-ually higher along with increasing BMI. The prevalence rates of sarcopenia of overweight and obesity subjects were 5.47% and 26.23%, respectively. Compared with the normal control group, the level of weight[(66.34±11.75)kg vs (76.71±12.84)kg ], BMI[(23.37± 3.13) vs (28.05±3.66)], body fat percentage[(25.33±6.06)% vs (36.76±4.47)%], waist circumference[(83.19±9.56)cm vs (95.45±13.74)cm] and visceral fat area[(88.96±29.74)cm2 vs (136.91±25.56)cm2] were higher in the sarcopenia group (P<0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the incidence of systolic blood pressure[(125.59±30.04)mmHg vs (139.39±19.79) mmHg], diastolic blood pressure[(75.82±11.95)mmHg vs (82.34±10.96)mmHg ] TG[(1.56±1.12)mmol/L vs (1.98±1.72)mmol/L] and uric acid[(313.75±83.07)mmol/L vs (335.55±96.07)mmol/L] were higher in the sarcopenia group (P<0.05). Compared with the normal subjects, the detectable rates of abnormal diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, and LDL-C were increased in the sarcopenia, obesity and sarcopenia combined with obesity subjects (P<0.05). The odds ratio of abnormal systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, uric acid, and LDL-C increased in the sarcopenia, obesity and sarcopenia combined with obe-sity subjects using logistic regression analyses after correction of gender and age. Conclusion The sarcopenia may have some con-nection with metabolic risk factors. Early detection of sarcopenia can help to distinguish people predisposed to metabolic syndrome, and it has important significance for prevention of chronic disease.

Objective:To detect the change of composition of immune cells in the spleen of miR-126 knockdown(miR-126KD) mice and preliminarily explore its significance .Methods: The expression level of miR-126 in spleens of miR-126KD mice was deter-mined by Realtime PCR.And the total number of splenocytes was calculated.The pathologic morphology change of the spleen was observed by HE staining.And the changes on proportion of DCs ,macrophages cells ,γδ T cells and NK T cells,CD3+T cells and its subgroup ,as well as CD19+B cells in spleens of miR-126KD mice were analyzed by Flow cytometry and calculated respectively.The level of phosphorylated AKt and NF-κB was analyzed by Western blot assay.Results:Compared with those of WT mice ,the expression level of miR-126 decreased obviously ( P<0.05 ) and the total number of cells increased obviously in spleen of miR-126 KD mice ( P<0.05).Moreover,the pathologic morphology of miR-126KD mice was significantly changed.The proportion and number of NK T cells in the inherent cells were significantly increased ( P<0.05 ) , but the proportion of Mφcells were significantly decreased ( P<0.05 ) . Meanwhile,the proportion and number of CD3+T cells and CD4+T cells in the adaptive immune cells were significantly increased (P<0.05),while the total number of CD19+B cells were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Last,the level of phosphorylation Akt and NF-κB increased obviously in spleen of miRNA-126 knockdown mice.Conclusion: Change obviously on the composition of immune cells subsets in the spleen of miRNA-126 knockdown mice ,which it may be related to the altered level of phosphorylated AKt and NF-κB and provides a preliminary experimental basis for the further exploring the roles of miR -126 in immune response.

Objective To observe secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) levels in serum and foot muscle tissue of patients with type 2 diabetic foot (DF).Methods All participants were divided into four groups with 40 cases in each group, including type 2 diabetic patients without (DMA) and with (DMB) lower limb arterial sclerosis and peripheral neuropathy, DF group, and normal control (NC) group.The muscle tissues of foot from DF group (n =6) and NC group (n =6) were taken.Serum SPARC level was measured with ELISA.RT-PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were used to examine SPARC mRNA and protein expressions in the foot muscle.Results Serum SPARC levels were higher in DMA and DMB groups compared with NC and DF groups[(1 040.48 ±212.12 and 1 068.36 ± 165.45 vs 841.93 ± 144.57 and 835.43 ± 188.37) ng/L, P＜ 0.01].There was no significant difference in serum SPARC level between DF and NC groups or DMA and DMB groups (P＞0.05).The expression levels of SPARC mRNA and protein in the foot muscle were higher in DF compared with NC group (P＜0.05).Conclusion SPARC mRNA and protein expressions in foot muscle tissue are higher in DF group compared with control group, indicating that SPARC may participate in the repair and healing of damaged muscle tissue of diabetic foot.

Objective: To investigate the association between the genetic polymorphism of ABCB1 C3435T and plasma concentration and adverse reactions of high-dose methotrexate(HD-MTX) chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL).Methods: A total of 70 peripheral blood samples were obtained from the children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia for extracting genome DNA.The genetic polymorphism of ABCB1 C3435T locus was examined by using PCR technology and direct sequencing;enzyme-amplified immunoassay (EMIT) was employed to determine the plasma concentration of MTX in 48 h;the clinical data of patients were collected during the HD-MTX chemotherapy, the adverse reactions were statistically analyzed.The association between ABCB1 C3435T genotypes and MTX plasma concentration and adverse reactions were investigated.Results: Genetic polymorphism existed at the SNP of ABCB1 C3435T.At the SNP of ABCB1 C3435T, the percentage of CC, CT and TT genotype in the children with ALL was 31.43%, 47.14% and 21.43%, respectively.The order of C/D ratio of MTX from low to high was CC, CT and TT genotypes, there was a significant association between the gene polymorphism and the C/D ratio of MTX (P<0.05);the order of incidence of oral mucosa damage from low to high was CC, CT and TT genotypes, there was a significant association between the gene polymorphism and oral mucosa damage (P<0.05);the order of incidence of hepatotoxicity from low to high were CC, CT and TT genotypes, the gene polymorphism and hepatotoxicity had a significant association (P<0.05).Conclusion: ABCB1 C3435T genetic polymorphism and C/D ratio of MTX, gastrointestinal side effects and hepatotoxicity after HD-MTX chemotherapy in the children with ALL exhibit significant association.