Objective]The paper summarizes the clinical experience of Professor Lu Su for treating menopausal syndrome.[Methods] By learning from Professor Lu Su, sum up the knowledge of etiology and pathogenesis, treatment characteristics and analyze cases. [Results]Professor Lu Su thought that the main etiological and pathogenesis of menopausal syndrome was that deficiency of the kidney-yin and hyperactivity of heart and liver fire. The kidney water cannot aid heart, the occurrence of heart(including liver) fire too strong, the heart is not calm, leading to hot flashes sweating, upset insomnia and other symptoms of menopausal syndrome. Therefore, she made a total therapeutic principle of invigoration of the kidney and nourishment of Yin, purging heart fire and soothing the nerves. Besides, the article introduces prescribing characteristics of other lesions relating to menopausal syndrome, such as blood stasis, phlegm, yang deficiency and disharmony between spleen and stomach. In treatment, Lu Su is good at syndrome differentiation and treatment, prescribing refinedly and simply, combining medication with psychotherapy. [Conclusion]Therapies of Professor Lu Su on treating menopausal syndrome have significant effect.

The acupuncture manipulation is an important factor for achieving a good therapeutic effect in acupuncture practice.The authors review recent studies on acupuncture manipulation and its qualification from a) differences of the therapeutic effects of acupuncture manipulation,b) quantification of acupuncture manipulations,and c) instruments for delivering and sampling the analogued parameters of different acupuncture manipulations,computer analysis software,etc.Most studies revealed that different acupuncture manipulations had different clinical efficacies.Meanwhile,researches on the quantification of acupuncture manipulations and some related instruments also have made a bigger progress.Nevertheless,there still exist many problems,such as difficulties of various acupuncture techniques in unification in clinic,stronger personal subjectivity in performing manipulations,etc.We should overcome these problems and conduct more researches,so as to raise the clinical curative effect further.

The paper retrieved the literature information on the artificial bone and composite artificial bone in CNKI, Wanfang data and foreign databases such as Pubmed and SCI-E from 2009 to 2016, and summarized the characteristics and deficiency of all kinds of artificial bone materials.On this basis, it briefly described the functional application and the principles of the composite artificial bone repair materials, and introduced the application of tissue engineering and 3D printing technology in the field, which could provide reference for the exploration of new types of composite artificial bone repair materials.

Objective To obtain the Hiwi gene encoding full-length and construct human Hiwi adenoviral vectors carrying green luorescence protein (GFP), and to establish foundation for a further study on Hiwi function and mechanism of inducing leukemia stem cell differentiation and apoptosis.Methods All coding areas of human Hiwi gene full length were amplified using method of overlapping extension PCR technology, and the full length coding aeras were inserted into the vector of Flag-IRES-hrGFP carrying GFP with Gateway technology to construct pDown-Hiwi-3 × flag-IRES-hrGFP. The cloning vector pDown-Hiwi-3 × flag-IRES-hrGFP and expression vector pAV. Des1d were used for homologous recombination reaction to obtain recombinant adenovirus vector pAV.Ex1d-Hiwi-3× flag-IRES-hrGFP.The positive clones were selected by PCR to extract the recombinant adenovirus plasmid and to pack into recombinant Ad-Hiwi-3 × flag-IRES-hrGFP adenovirus. Results The human recombinant Hiwi was successfully cloned and the recombinant adenovirus vector pAV.Ex1d-Hiwi-3×flag-IRES-hrGFP was found to be successfully constructed via restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing methods. The adenovirus vector pAV.Ex1d-Hiwi-3×flag-IRES-hrGFP was transfected into the HEK293A cells using lipofectamine mediated gene transfection method. Under fluorescence microscope, the transfected cells with green fluorescence could be observed.Conclusion The expression plasmid of adenovirus vector pAV.Ex1d-Hiwi-3 × flag-IRES-hrGFP is successfully constructed and it can express in HEK293A cells.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the relationship of clinical efficacy between XPD Lys751Gln (A/C),XPD Asp312Asn(G/A)and platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBase, Medline, CJFD,VIP database and WanFang database,studies about the effects of XPD Lys751Gln and XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism on ef-fectiveness,clinical outcomes and adverse drug reaction of platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients were collect-ed,and Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.3 software. RESULTS:Totally 30 studies were included,involving 5 028 patients. Genetic testing showed that XPD Lys751Gln divided into mutant gene (Lys/Gln + Gln/ Gln) and wild-type gene (Lys/Lys),while XPD Asp312Asn divided into mutant gene (Asp/Asn + Asn/Asn) and wild-type gene (Asp/Asp). Results of Me-ta-analysis showed,the progression-free survival (PFS) of Lys/Gln+Gln/Gln patients with platinum in XPD Lys751Gln polymor-phism was obviously lower than Lys/Lys patients [OR=-1.12,95%CI(-1.73,-0.50),P<0.001],while there was no significant difference in the chemotherapy effectiveness and total survival period. The effective rate of Asp/Asn+Asn/Asn patients for platinum in XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism was lower than Asp/Asp patients [OR=0.80,95%CI(0.68,0.96),P=0.02],while there was no significant difference in the total survival period and PFS. Meanwhile,the incidence of Ⅲ-Ⅳ level gastrointestinal adverse reac-tions of Lys/Gln+Gln/Gln with platinum in XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism was higher than Lys/Lys patients [OR=0.43,95%CI (0.20,0.94),P=0.03],and there was no significant difference in Ⅲ-Ⅳ level blood system adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS:XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism may be associated with PFS and Ⅲ-Ⅳ level gastrointestinal adverse reactions for advanced NSCLC patients with platinum-based chemotherapy,while XPD Asp312Asn polymorphism may have effect on platinum-based chemotherapy,both of them may be as estimate the chemotherapy effect and prognosis detection index of platinum-based chemo-therapy.

Humans ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Liver Diseases ; Microbiota

AIM To investigate the pharmacokinetic behaviors of total flavonoids from Epimedii Folium in osteoporotic rats in vivo.METHODS Twelve rats were divided into model group and sham group,after which the osteoporotic rat model was established by removing bilateral ovaries.After intragastric administration with total flavonoids (500 mg/kg),HPLC-DAD was applied to detecting the plasma concentrations of total flavonoids' prototype glycosides (epimedin A,epimedin B,epimedin C,icariin) and their metabolites (sagittatoside A,sagittatoside B,2-O-rhamnosylicariside Ⅱ,baohuoside Ⅰ,icaritin) at thirteen time points (0.083,0.25,0.5,0.75,1,2,3,4,6,8,12,24 and 48 h),then the plasma concentration-time curves were drawn,followed by the calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters.RESULTS Doubled peaks were observed in the plasma concentration-time curves of total flavonoids' prototype glycosides and their metabolites in both groups.Compared with the sham group,the integrated AUC and Cmax in the model group were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01),as well as the prolonged t1/2 (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION The in vivo absorption and metabolism of total flavonoids from Epimedii Folium are much slower in the state of osteoporosis,thus affects the efficacy.

Objective: To optimize and establish the best hydrolysis method of diethyl ester 4-amino-N5-formyl-N8,N10-dideazatetrahydrofolate through the optimization of simple compound of diethyl N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamate.Methods: To increase the low yield of hydrolysis reaction of diethyl ester 4-amino-N5-formyl-N8,N10-dideazatetrahydrofolate due to the by-products and difficult purification, we studied the effect of NaOH and KOH, two kinds of alkalis, three concentrations between 0.175-1 mol/L and five types of reaction time involved in 20, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min on the common side chain diethyl N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamate.A high performance liquid chromatography was established for measuring the target product and the by-products in reaction liquid in different reaction conditions.Finally, on the basis of the best hydrolysis method of diethyl ester 4-amino-N5-formyl-N8,N10-dideazatetrahydrofolate, we completed the optimization of the hydrolysis reaction conditions of diethyl ester 4-amino-N5-formyl-N8,N10-dideazatetrahydrofolate.Results: We developed the best reaction condition for the hydrolysis of diethyl ester 4-amino-N5-formyl-N8,N10-dideazatetrahydrofolate, which could be carried out easily and efficiently.The results indicated that treated with the optimized condition of 0.3 mol/L KOH in 60 min at the room temperature, diethyl ester 4-amino-N5-formyl-N8,N10-dideazatetrahydrofolate was converted into its diacid derivative in 95.6 % yield, which turned to be a better reaction condition compared with the previous reaction condition.The structures of those compounds were identified to be correct by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance(13C NMR) and electrospray ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).The purity of the diacid derivative of the compound was determined to be 96% by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The new hydrolysis reaction condition could not only avoid the formation of single ester hydrolysis product and amide bond hydrolysis product, but also improve the yield of the hydrolysis reaction.Conclusion: We have developed an efficient reaction for the hydrolysis of diethyl ester 4-amino-N5-formyl-N8,N10-dideazatetrahydro.Since the final step of the synthesis of classical folic acid antagonists is always the catalyzed hydrolysis of the side chain glutamate, the reaction also has great significance for anti-folic acid anti-tumor inhibitors synthesis.

Objective:To investigate the neutralization of lecithin and polysorbate-80 in antibacterial activity of oral solid tradition-al Chinese medicine preparations without Chinese medicinal herb powder. Methods:According to the requirements in Chinese Pharma-copeia (2015 edition), the applicability of microbial counting method was tested in the diluent containing lecithin and polysorbate-80 and the conventional diluent, respectively, and the results were compared. Results: The recovery results of applicability of microbial counting method using neutralizers (lecithin and polysorbate-80) conformed to the standard of Chinese pharmacopoeia (2015 edition). Conclusion:The combination of lecithin and polysorbate-80 has notable neutralization in antibacterial activity of oral solid traditional Chinese medicine preparations without Chinese medicinal herb powder.

Objective To investigate the influence of prepubertal exposure to estradiol benzoate (EB)in the male reproductive system of the rats and the natural process of tissue repair,and to clarify the possible mechanism of the reproductive toxicity of exogenous estrogen.Methods Ninety 2 1-day-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (low dose of EB group and high dose of EB group,n=30)and control group (n=30). The rats in the experimental groups were injected with EB dissolved in peanut oil at 15(low dose of EB group)and 15 000μg·kg-1 (high dose of EB group)respectively,the rats in control group received equal vehicle injection only,once every other day for two weeks from postnatal day(PND)21 to 34.All of them were normally fed after the drug usage was stopped.The testes were harvested at the stages of PND 60 and PND 125(n=15 at each stage).The serum levels testosterone of (T),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),prolactin (PRL)and estradiol(E2)of the rats in various groups were detected with radioimmunology method and the weights of the rats in various groups were recorded;the histological changes of the testes tissue were observed with light microscope.Results On PND60,compared with control group,the T levels in low dose of EB group and high dose of EB group were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);the FSH,LH and E2 levels were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the PRL levels had no change(P>0.05);the weights of testes were decreased(P<0.01);the histological changes of the testes of the rats in experimental groups included seminiferous tubules maldevelopment, decreased cell number of seminiferous epithelia.Compared with low dose of EB group,the T and FSH levels in high dose of EB group were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),the E2 and LH levels were increased(P<0.01),the PRL level had no change (P>0.05 ), and the weight of testes was decreased (P<0.01 );the diameters of seminiferous tubules were smaller,there was no sperm in high dose of EB group while there were a few sperms in low dose of EB group.On PND125,compared with control group,the T,FSH and PRL levels in low dose of EB group and high dose of EB group were decreased(P<0.01),the E2 levels were increased (P<0.01);the LH level in low dose of EB group was increased(P<0.05),the LH level in high dose of EB group was decreased(P<0.01), and the weights of testes in high dose of EB group were decreased(P<0.01);the diameters of seminiferous tubules and the cell number of seminiferous epithelia were increased but not apparent change.Compared with low dose of EB group,the T,LH levels in high dose of EB group were decreased (P<0.01),the E2 and FSH levels were increased(P<0.01),the PRL level had no change(P>0.05),and the weight of testes was decreased(P<0.01);there was still no sperm in high dose of EB group, the number of sperms was increased in low dose of EB group, but it was still lower than that in control group.Conclusion EB is harmful to the reproductive system and can change the normal serum sex hormone levels,even induces the irreversible injury.