Objective To evaluate the relationship between stenosis of intra- or extra-cranial cerebral large artery and capsular warning syndrome(CWS). Methods Eleven consecutive CWS patients hospitalized during period of time from November 2008 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Result In these 11 patients with CWS, 5 patients had motor symptoms only, 4 patients had pure sensory symptoms, and 2 patients had sensorimotor symptoms. Ten patients underwent cervical contrast-enhanced MRA and intracranial MRA examination. The results showed no sign of arterial stenosis. Seven CWS patients eventually had strokes, 1 progressed to stroke despite receiving the therapy of antiplatelet and anticoagulation. All stroke lesions were located in the capsula interna. All the CWS patients had vascular risks: 7 were smoker, 8 had hypertension, 1 had diabetes mellitus, and 5 had hyperlipidemia. One patient had a history of previous stroke; no patient had a history of ischemic heart disease or atrial fibrillation. At follow-up(10. 2 ±3.4)mouths, the average modified Rankin scale score for all patients was 0. 73 ± 1.20.Conclusion CWS was not associated with stenosis of the intra and extra-cranial large cerebral arteries.CWS may be associated with small-vessel single-penetrator disease.

G in exon 2. This results in an amino acid change from His to Asp at codon 74. Conclusion The novel allele has been confirmed as a new HLA allele and it is officially named HLA-A*0290 by WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System in Oct. 2005.

Objective To estimate the effect of a tretinoin derivative ECPIRM on retinoic acid receptors (RARs),and to observe skin irritation responses to it in mice.Methods Cultured SCL-1 cells were divided into 2 groups to be treated with culture medium containing 10 μmol/L ECPIRM (ECPIRM group) or 10 μmol/L all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) (ATRA group) for 24 hours,and those treated with drug-free culture medium served as the control group.Western blot analysis and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR were performed to quantify the protein and mRNA expressions of RARs (RARα,RARβ,RARγ and RXRα) respectively.In addition,real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR was conducted to measure the mRNA expressions of two target genes of the activated RAR signaling pathway,i.e.,cytochrome P450 26A1 (CYP26A1) and tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1).Eight BALB/c mice were equally divided into 2 groups to be topically treated with 0.075％ ECPIRM gel or 0.05％ ATRA cream at equal molar concentrations on the shaved skin once daily for 21 successive days.Skin irritation reactions were assessed in these mice.Results Compared with the control group,the ATRA group showed significantly increased protein and mRNA expressions of RARα,RARβ and RARγ (all P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expressions of CYP26A1 and TIG1 genes in the ATRA group were 25.49 and 3.88 times that in the control group respectively (both P ＜ 0.01).However,there was no significant difference in the protein expressions of RARα,RARβ,RARγ and RXRα,or mRNA expressions of RARα,RARβ,RARγ CYP26A1 and TIG1 between the ECPIRM group and control group (all P ＞ 0.05).Obvious Skin irritation reactions such as erythema and desquamation were observed in BALB/c mice after 2-day topical treatment with ATRA cream,and their degree peaked after 5-day treatment.However,neither erythema nor desquamation was observed in BALB/c mice during 21-day treatment with 0.075％ ECPIRM gel.Conclusion Unlike ATRA,ECPIRM cannot activate the canonical RAR signaling pathway or cause skin irritation reactions.

Objective To investigate the value of application of multi-slice helical CT(MSCT) indiagnosis of basicranial fracture. Methods Sixty-two patients with basicranial fracture were scanned withthin-section scanning mode after conventional CT scanning The images were transferred to the work-station for reconstruction including multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), volume rendering (VR). Comparison between thin-section scanning images and conventional CT scanning images were performed. Results Compared with the conventional CT scanning (67.9% and 45.0% respectively),the rates of fracture displayed of images acquired from thin-section scanning in diagnosis of fractures of anterior and middle cranial fossa (100.0% and 95.0% respectively) ,P＜0.01. The two scanning mode in diagnosis of fractures of posterior cranial fossa( 88.9% and 100.0% respectively )differed from each other unstatistically(P＞0.05 ). ConclusionThe thin-section scanning of MSCT can improve the diagnostic correctness of basicranial fracture.

Objective To investigate changes of muscle activation in the lower limbs during landing impact as running fatigue pro-gresses. Methods From November to December,2022,eleven male runners were recruited from Wuhan Sports University.They performed a steady-state run at 75%of their maximum heart rate and continued until Borg rating score≥17 or 90%of their maximum heart rate.Muscle activity data were collected using a Delsys wireless surface electromy-ography system,continuously recording the EMG of the quadriceps(vastus medialis,rectus femoris,vastus later-alis),hamstrings(biceps femoris,semitendinosus),gluteus maximus,lateral head of the gastrocnemius and tibia-lis anterior.The pre-activation,post-activation and co-activation characteristics of these lower limb muscles were analyzed. Results With fatigue accumulation during running,significant differences were observed in the pre-activation level of the tibialis anterior among different fatigue points(F=2.955,P=0.048),with the 100%fatigue point showing significantly higher pre-activation levels than the start(P=0.010);as well as post-activation levels of quadriceps(F=6.609,P=0.001),with higher levels at the 100%point compared to the start(P=0.011),33%(P=0.009)and 67%(P=0.043)fatigue points;co-activation ratios of ankle joint during the pre-activation phase(F=3.287,P=0.034),with a significantly higher co-activation ratio at the 100%fatigue point compared to the start(P=0.023). Conclusion As running fatigue accumulates,the central nervous system adjusts the activation levels of various lower limb muscles to modify impact posture,reducing the risk of injury from accumulated lower limb loads.

Objective:To explore the changes in the synergy mode of human lower limb muscles during the fatigue run-ning,in order to reveal the mechanism by which the central system regulates lower limb movement to adapt to fatigue accumulation. Method:Eleven male runners received constant speed running fatigue intervention,and the electromyograph-ic data of the lower limb muscles was collected during the whole intervention process.The non-negative ma-trix factorization algorithm was used to extract analysis indicators such as the number of lower limb muscle synergists,the peak activation time of muscle synergists,and the muscle relative weight at different interven-tion times. Result:A total of six types of muscle synergists were analyzed throughout the entire process of running fa-tigue intervention to dominate human lower limb joint activities,but each subject would only randomly mobi-lize four to five of them at different fatigue moments,and the number of muscle synergists participating in each fatigue moment had no significant change(P＞0.05).The peak activation time of synergy 1 decreased sig-nificantly at 33％、100％time(P＜0.05).The relative weight of semitendinosus of synergy 1 was significantly reduced at 33％、67％and 100％time(P＜0.05).The relative weight of rectus femoris of synergy 2 decreased significantly at 33％time(P＜0.05).The relative weight of biceps femoris of synergy 4 decreased significantly at 67％time(P＜0.05),but increased significantly at 100％time(P＜0.05). Conclusion:In the process of running fatigue,the human central system will regulate the muscle synergy mode of lower limbs to adapt to fatigue accumulation and reduce the risk of lower limb injury.The specific performance of this regulation process includes:stabilizing the number of lower limb muscle synergists in-volved,reducing the peak activation time of muscle synergists in the early stance stage,dynamically adjusting the relative weight of rectus femoris and semitendinosus in the early stance stage and biceps femoris in the middle swing stage.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular reasons of weak expression of B antigen on the red cell. METHODS: Serological test for blood group was carried out, including red cell and plasma grouping, and anti-A1 and anti-H testing, and confirming weak A or B antigens by adsorption and elution. Exons 1-7 were sequenced directly, and one of them was cloned and sequenced. RESULTS: All of the 23 samples showed the weak B antigen by serological method. The alleles of the subgroups were identified by DNA sequencing, including 2 Bel subgroup, 4 B3 subgroup, 14 Bw subgroup, 2 CisAB subgroup and a novel allele. The novel allele showed a nucleotide substitution 662G>A in the exon 7, and the sequence was submitted to Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database, and the novel allele was named Bel10. CONCLUSION Nucleotide substitution in exon results in blood subgroup, which showed that the antigens were weakened, and Bw phenotype was the most frequently subgroup.
ABO Blood-Group System/genetics* ; Alleles ; Exons ; Genotype ; Humans ; Nucleotides ; Phenotype

Objective To study the causes of two Chinese families with Branchio-oto syndrome.Methods The clinical data of two families were collected,and the pathogenic genes and variants of Branchio-oto syndrome were screened and verified by whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing.Results Two proband patients were diagnosed with Branchio-oto syndrome.Proband 1 presented with preauricular and anterior cervical fistulas,as well as congenital severe sensorineural hearing loss.On the other hand,proband 2 displayed a preauricular fistula and an anterior cervical cyst.At the age of 5,progressive deterioration of binaural hearing was observed,leadingtothe cur-rent diagnosis of severe mixed deafness.Genetic analysis showed that proband 1 and 2 carried nonsense variants of EYA1 gene:NM_000503.6:c.1408G＞T(p.Glu470Ter),and c.889C＞T(p.Arg297Ter).According to the guide-lines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics(ACMG),the above variants were rated as patho-genic variants.After reviewing the literature,the c.1408G＞T variant had not been previously reported,and the c.889C＞T is a known variant.Conclusion The variants c.1408G＞T(p.Glu470Ter)and c.889C＞T(p.Arg297Ter)of EYA1 gene are the cause of these two families with Branchio-oto syndrome.The first report of c.1408G＞T broadens the mutational spectrum of EYA1 gene and provids a clinical reference for the diagnosis of Branchio-oto syndrome.

BACKGROUND:Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS),as a non-invasive brain stimulation technique,can enhance human muscle strength or improve single-leg landing stability instantly,but no relevant research has demonstrated this yet. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of tDCS on the stability of single-leg landings in human subjects. METHODS:Male undergraduate students from Wuhan Sports University were recruited as study participants.They were divided into two groups,A(n=6)and B(n=5),using a random number table.Group A underwent a sham stimulation session followed by a 3-day washout period,after which they received tDCS.Conversely,Group B received tDCS initially,followed by a 3-day washout period,and subsequently underwent the sham stimulation session.Following the respective stimulation sessions,an immediate single-leg landing test was administered to assess and collect biomechanical parameters.Data resulting from the tDCS intervention were aggregated and analyzed as the experimental group dataset,whereas data stemming from the sham stimulation were consolidated as the control group dataset. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Regarding core stability,the tDCS intervention showed a significant interaction with landing height on the maximal trunk flexion angle(P＜0.05).A paired comparison of the data showed a significant decrease in the maximum trunk flexion angle following true stimulation compared to sham stimulation at a 30-cm landing height.Additionally,the tDCS intervention had a significant main effect on the maximum trunk lateral bending angle and the mean trunk lateral bending angular velocity(P＜0.05).Following true stimulation,there was a significant decrease in the maximum trunk lateral bending angle and the mean trunk lateral bending angular velocity compared to sham stimulation.In terms of lower limb joint stability,the tDCS intervention had a significant main effect on the maximum dynamic ankle valgus angle(P＜0.05).This resulted in a significant decrease in the angle following true stimulation compared to sham stimulation.In addition,the tDCS intervention had a significant main effect on the peak muscle activation of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius lateralis(P＜0.05).This showed a significant increase after true stimulation compared to sham stimulation.An interaction between the tDCS intervention and landing height was observed for the peak muscle activation of the tibialis anterior(P＜0.05).Paired comparison analyses revealed a significant increase in muscle activation after true stimulation specifically at a 60-cm landing height.Regarding center of pressure stability,there were no significant interactions or main effects of the tDCS intervention on the mean lateral displacement,mean lateral displacement velocity,mean anterior-posterior displacement,or mean anterior-posterior displacement velocity at the center of pressure(P＞0.05).Furthermore,the tDCS intervention had no significant main effects on any of the center of pressure indicators(P＞0.05).In conclusion,tDCS can immediately improve core stability and lower limb joint stability during single-leg landing,making it an effective warm-up technique for improving single-leg landing stability and reducing the risk of lower limb injuries.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of cataracts, the surgical coverage, and postoperative visual acuity of adults in Ningxia.Methods:A cross-sectional study using multistage cluster random sampling was conducted.Ten survey sites in Ningxia were selected and the population aged 18 years and over was surveyed with questionnaire, height and weight measurements, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus photography and slit-lamp examinations.Cataract prevalence and its influencing factors were analyzed.Cataract prevalence, surgical coverage and presenting visual acuity (PVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after surgery were investigated in different age groups of the examined population.The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (No.[2023]-LL-010).Participants signed informed consent prior to the examination.Results:A total of 6 145 people should be examined, and 5 721 people were actually examined, with an examination rate of 93.10%.The study population consisted of 2 558 males, accounting for 44.71%, and 3 163 females, accounting for 55.28%, with ages ranging from 18 to 93 years old and an average age of (64.27±13.48) years.Among them, 1 180 patients diagnosed with cataract, with a cataract prevalence of 20.62%.The prevalence of cataract increased with age and decreased with education level, showing statistically significant differences ( χ2=1 091.32, 581.92; both at P<0.01).The prevalence of cataract was significantly higher among people with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and coronary heart disease than those without these diseases ( χ2=274.65, 118.15, 78.05, 182.71; all at P<0.01).Cataract surgery was performed in 245 cases in the cataract patient population, with a surgical coverage rate of 20.76%.Of the 245 cases, 229 cases were implanted with IOLs, with an implantation rate of 93.40%.The social burden rate of cataract blindness was 2.29%, and increased with age.Of the 339 eyes that underwent cataract surgery, 241 had a PVA≥0.3, accounting for 71.09%, and 272 had a BCVA≥0.3, accounting for 80.24%. Conclusions:In Ningxia, cataracts are still the main cause of vision impairment and blindness in the elderly, and the social burden rate of cataract blindness is high.Moreover, the coverage rate of cataract surgery is low, so both the coverage and quality of surgery need improvement.