The nutrition and food hygienic character of the degreased castor protein in Neimeng autonomous region were studied by chemical analysis and rat experiment. Using casein as reference protein and soy flour as comparable substance, the contents of major nutrients and composition of essential amino acids in the degreased castor cake and its protein efficiency ratio (PER) and other indicators related to nitrogen metabolism in the animal experiment were studied by the recommended method of AOAC. Some harmful substances in the samples were examined quantitatively. The results showed that the protein content, the PER, the true digestibility, the biological value, and NPU of the degreased castor cake were 35.80%, 1.75-1.76, 62.51%, 91.16 and 57.04 respectively. The blood indicators and pathological observation of tested rats were normal. The content of several harmful substances in the product was allowable. The essential amino acid composition of the degreased castor protein was similar to soy protein. So the detoxified degreased castor cake protein could be used in food or feed industry.

Analyzed the purity of the Perfluorooctane used for Ophthalmic operation using the FID (Flame Ionization Detector) method after the qualitative analysis of that. Research and discussion of the 1--hydrogen perfluorocarbon octane, which is the typical impurity of Perfluorooctane. The standard recovery of the 1--hydrogen perfluorocarbon octane is 93%-97% within the range of linearity, and the RSD (relative standard deviation) is below 2%. The above test method has the advantages of easy operation, stability and accuracy. So it is a good reference support to bring the specification of quality control of the Perfluorooctane which is used for Ophthalmic operation into YY of medical device.
Fluorocarbons ; analysis ; chemistry ; Ophthalmology ; instrumentation ; methods ; Quality Control

Objective: To analyze the effect of job characteristics and organizational support for workplace violence, explore the influence path and the theoretical model, and provide a theoretical basis for reducing workplace violence. Methods: Stratified random sampling was used to select 813 medical staff, conductors and bus drivers in Chongqing with a self-made questionnaire to investigate job characteristics, organization attitude toward workplace violence, workplace violence, fear of violence, workplace violence, etc from February to October, 2014. Amos 21.0 was used to analyze the path and to establish a theoretical model of workplace violence. Results: The odds ratio of work characteristics and organizational attitude to workplace violence were 6.033 and 0.669, respectively, and the path coefficients were 0.41 and-0.14, respectively (P<0.05). The Fitting indexes of the model: Chi-square (χ²) =67.835, The ratio of the chi-square to the degree of freedom (χ²/df) =5.112, Good-of-fit index (GFI) =0.970, Adjusted good-of-fit index (AGFI) =0.945, Normed fit index (NFI) =0.923, Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) =0.071, Fit criterion (Fmin) =0.092, so the model fit well with the data. Conclusion The job characteristic is a risk factor for workplace violence while organizational attitude is a protective factor for workplace violence, so changing the job characteristics and improving the enthusiasm of the organization to deal with workplace violence are conducive to reduce workplace violence and increase loyalty to the unit.

Objective: To estimate the transmission capacity of influenza clustering in schools and nurseries, and to evaluate the effect of suspension measures, providing a basis for formulating disease management strategies and control measures. Methods: The SEIAR dynamics model was used to simulate the epidemic data, calculating the basic regeneration coefficient R 0 of the epidemic to evaluate the epidemic transmission capacity, and calculating the cumulative incidence rate of the epidemic to evaluate the prevention and control effect of the suspension measures. Results: The basic regeneration coefficient R 0 was 8.44(8.01,8.89) without intervention. There were statistically significant differences in R 0 of influenza epidemic among different types of school(F=9.52, P<0.01). The R 0 of influenza epidemic in primary and secondary schools were higher than that in nurseries(P<0.05). R 0 of influenza A was higher than that of influenza B(t=2.71, P<0.01). R 0 of influenza A(H3) was higher than of influenza B(Victoria)(P<0.05). The cumulative incidence of the outbreaks which were suspended for 4 days and 7 days was significantly lower than that in the non-suspensions(P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of the outbreaks between the 4-day suspension and the 7-day suspension(P>0.05). Conclusion Transmission capacity of school-based influenza epidemic is high, especially among primary and secondary schools. When the epidemic situation of infected class meets the suspension standard, it is recommended to suspend classes for 4 days.

Objective To explore the expression and significance of miR-21 in patients with primary gout. Methods The patients were divided into 4 groups: 35 acute gout patients (AG), 50 intermittent gout patients (IG), 25 chronic gout patients (CG) and 39 healthy patients. Their peripheral blood were collected and laboratory indexes were recorded. The expression of miR-21 and Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The blood and clinical data of another 5 healthy volunteers were collected, their peripheral blood was stimulated with 100 μg/ml monosodium urate (MSU) for 1 hour, pho-sphate buffer (PBS) was used as controls, then the expression of microRNA (miR)-21, NLRP3, interleukin (IL)-1β mRNA was detected by RT-qPCR. Rank sum test and spearman correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Results In primary gout patients, the expression of miR-21 in AG [12 ×10-4 (8.0 ×10-4)], IG [9.4 ×10-4 (6.9 ×10-4)], CG [7.3 ×10-4 (5.6 ×10-4)] was significantly higher than that in healthy control group [1.0×10-4(2.0×10-4)] (Z=9.83, P=0.02], while the expression of NLRP3 in AG[0.0444(0.0233)], IG[0.0581(0.0326)], CG[0.0314(0.0198)] was significantly lower than that in healthy control group [0.0886(0.0359)] (Z=13.82, P<0.01). In the primary gout of IG group, the expression of miR-21 was positively correlated with NLRP3 mRNA (r=0.449, P=0.016). After stimulated by 100 μg/ml MSU, the expression of miR-21 of the stimulated group [8.78×10-4(14×10-4)] was higher than that in the control group [6.25×10-4(6×10-4)](Z=-2.203, P<0.05), and the expression of IL-1βin stimulated group [3.06(2.00)] was higher than that in the control group [2.64 (1.22] (Z=-2.203, P<0.05). The level of miR-21 in patients with primary gout was positively correlated with the level of uric acid (UA), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT) (r=0.473, 0.639, 0.487, P<0.05). Conclusion The increase of miR-21 in patients with primary gout may be involved in the inflammatory reaction of gout.

Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors, which have genetic heterogeneity. It is impossible to accurately evaluate the dynamic evolution of tumor genes and microenvironment only by pathological examination after surgery. As one of the smallest extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, exosomes can be used as potential biomarkers and carriers of intercellular information transmission. It can promote glioma cell proliferation, immune escape and chemoradiotherapy resistance, improve blood oxygen microenvironment, and enhance the ability of invasion and metastasis. The relations of exosomes with glioma occurrence and development are summarized as follows.

Objective To investigate the changes aad possible role of estrogen and its receptor ERα、ERβ、GPR30 in the pathogenesis of asymptomatic hyperuricemia.Methods The peripheral blood of 62 asymptomatic hyperuricemia patients (AH) and 68 healthy controls (HC) were collected.The expression of estradial (E2) in serum was detected by the chemilluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA).The expression of ERα,ERβ,GPR30 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was measured using Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).Statistical Package form Soci-science (SPSS) 17.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.The measurement data were compared by t test,rank sum test or one factor analysis of variance test.The correlation between variables was used by Spearman correlation analysis.Results ① The expression of E2 in serum of the HC group was higher than that in the AH group [(38.7±10.2) pg/ml vs (33.7±8.6) pg/ml,Z=-0.356,P＜0.05].② The expression of ERα,GPR30 mRNA in PBMCs of HC group was increased,compared with that in the AH group (0.000 17±0.000 23 vs 0.000 12± 0.000 12,0.002 0±0.002 1 vs 0.001 5±0.000 8,Z=-2.112,-2.147,P＜0.05,respectively).No significant difference in PBMCs ERβ mRNA levels was found between HC group and AH group,while a slight but not significant increase was observed in HC group.③ The Spearman correlation analysis found that the expression of ERα and ERβ mRNA,E2 and GR,ERβ and GLU in the AH group were positively related (r=0.259,0.251,0.260,P＜0.05,respectively).Conclusion The expression of E2,ERα,ERβ,GPR30 mRNA in the peripheral blood of patients with AH is decreased,suggesting that the estrogen and its receptor may be involved in the patho-genesis of hyperuricemia.

Objective:To explore the changes of estrogen, androgen and progesterone in serum of male patients with primary gouty arthritis (pGA) and their possible role in the pathogenesis of gout.Methods:The serum, clinical data and laboratory parameters of 266 patients with PGA [including 93 patients with acute gout (AG), 118 patients with intermittent gout (IG), 55 patients with chronic gout (CG)] and 129 healthy controls (HC) were collected. The serum estradiol (E 2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T) and E 2/T were detected by CMIA Expression level. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used for analysis, Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison of measurement data between groups, and Spearman correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis between variables. Results:① The level of E 2 and T level in the serum of PGA, AG, IG and CG group was lower than that of the HC group [(30±8) pg/ml, (27±7) pg/ml, (31±8) pg/ml, (34±7) pg/ml, (35±10) pg/ml; F=17.770, P<0.05] and [(4.4±1.6) ng/ml, (3.8±1.4) ng/ml, (4.6±1.4) ng/ml, (5.1±2.0) ng/ml, (5.8±1.9) ng/ml; F=23.314, P<0.05], but there was no significant difference between HC group and CG group ( P>0.05), The serum E 2 and T levels in AG group were lower than those in IG and CG groups [(27±7) pg/ml, (31±8) pg/ml, (34±7) pg/ml; F=17.770, P<0.05] and [(3.8±1.4) ng/ml, (4.6±1.4) ng/ml, (5.1±2.0) ng/ml; F=23.314, P<0.05], andthe serum E 2 level in IG group was lower than that in CG group [(31±8) pg/ml, (34±7) pg/ml; F=17.770, P<0.05). The levels of P and E 2/T in HC group were lower than those in pGA and AG group [(0.24±0.10) ng/ml, (0.27±0.11)ng/ml, (0.30±0.15) ng/ml; F=5.124, P<0.05] and [(0.006 6±0.002 2) ng/ml, (0.007 6±0.003 2) ng/ml, (0.008 0±0.003 8) ng/ml; F=3.787, P<0.05), while those in IG and CG group were lower than those in AG group [(0.25±0.09) ng/ml, (0.26±0.08) ng/ml, (0.30±0.15) ng/ml; F=5.124, P<0.05]; ② Spearman correlation analysis showed that E 2 level in pGA group was positively correlated with T and CysC( r=0.310, P<0.01; r=0.164, P=0.008), negatively correlated with MO ( r=-0.133, P=0.030), P level was positively correlated with MO ( r=0.139, P=0.023), T level was positively correlated with Crea and CysC ( r=0.179, P=0.003; r=0.162, P=0.008), negatively correlated with WBC, GR and MO ( r=-0.140, P=0.022; r=-0.173, P=0.005; r=-0.149, P=0.015), E 2/T was positively correlated with apob1 and Glu ( r=0.131, P=0.032; r=0.140, P=0.023). In AG group, E 2 level was positively correlated with T and Crea ( r=0.234, P=0.024; r=0.245, P=0.018), T level was positively correlated with Crea ( r=0.349, P=0.001), and negatively correlated with apob1 ( r=-0.250, P=0.016), and E 2/T was positively correlated with apob1 ( r=0.276, P=0.007). In IG group, E 2 level was positively correlated with T ( r=0.269, P=0.003), and negatively correlated with MO ( r=-0.183, P=0.048), while P level was positively correlated with MO( r=0.204, P=0.027). Conclusion:The expression of E 2 and T in the peripheral blood serum of gout patients decreases significantly, the expression of P and E 2/T increases significantly, and there is a positive correlation between E 2 and T, as well as the inflammatory and glycolipid metabolism indexes of gout patients, suggesting that estrogen, androgen and progesterone may participate in the pathogenesis of gout by regulating the inflammation and metabolism of gout.

Cyclooxygenases play a vital role in inflammation and are responsible for the production of prostaglandins. Two cyclooxygenases are described, the constitutive cyclooxygenase-1 and the inducible cyclooxygenase-2, for which the target inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Prostaglandins are a class of lipid compounds that mediate acute and chronic inflammation. NSAIDs are the most frequent choices for treatment of inflammation. Nevertheless, currently used anti-inflammatory drugs have become associated with a variety of adverse effects which lead to diminished output even market withdrawal. Recently, more studies have been carried out on searching novel selective COX-2 inhibitors with safety profiles. In this review, we highlight the various structural classes of organic and natural scaffolds with efficient COX-2 inhibitory activity reported during 2011-2021. It will be valuable for pharmaceutical scientists to read up on the current chemicals to pave the way for subsequent research.

Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of circDLGAP4 from peripheral blood in coronary heart disease (CAD). Methods: The relative expression level of circDLGAP4 in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) from 142 CAD patients and 169 healthy controls were detected by real-time PCR. Logistic regression, Spearman correlation and multivariate regression analysis were used to investigate the correlation of circDLGAP4 with CAD. THP-1 macrophages were treated with oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to construct an atherosclerotic foam cell model. The levels of circDLGAP4 mRNA were detected at different time points. Results: The mRNA expression of circDLGAP4 in PBLs of CAD patients was significantly decreased compared with controls (P=0.019). With increased unit (2 -ΔCt ) of circDLGAP4 expression, the risk of CAD occurrence reduced by 41.6% (adjusted OR=0.584, 95% CI: 0.394-0.866, P=0.007). The expression of circDLGAP4 was negatively correlated with T2DM history (β=-0.182，P=0.030). The level of circDLGAP4 in ox-LDL-treated THP-1 macrophages was decreased in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion The expression of circDLGAP4 was significantly decreased in PBLs of CAD patients and THP-1 macrophages-derived foam cells, and might be a protective factor in the pathophysiology of CAD.