Standardized training of residents in the department of orthodontics is an important learn-ing stage for stomatology students before carrying out clinical orthodontic diagnosis and treatment work. At present, there are some deficiencies in the standardized training system of the residents in the Department of Orthodontics, such as the single teaching mode, imperfect training items, and unclear evaluation criteria. The department of orthodontics of Stomatology Hospital of Southern Medical University carried on a prelim-inary study on the training pattern of resident doctors in the refinement of the training content, optimizing curriculum design, implementation of tutorial teaching mode, the combination of theoretical study and clini-cal training, regular training evaluation and quantitative assessment indicators. The results showed that the trainees' acceptance and satisfaction were higher, which was beneficial to the improvement of clinical com-prehensive ability of orthodontics.

Objective To compare the reproducibility and reliability of facial soft tissue landmarks using a direct and an indirect placement methods in facial three-dimensional (3D) soft tissue assessment.Methods 3D coordinates of 37 soft tissue landmarks were obtained respectively in 35 normal healthy volunteers from 3D optical capture system and Materialise's interactive medical image control system (Mimics).Landmarks were affixed on the cutaneous surface (direct method) and marked on the 3D reconstructed craniofacial model (indirect method).Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and paired t-tests were used to compare the reliability and reproducibility of facial landmarks between two placement methods.Results For the direct placement method,86.5 ％ landmarks had an ICC higher than 0.75.For the indirect placement method,75.7％ landmarks had an ICC higher than 0.75.The inter-observer variability using the direct placement method was (1.259±0.566) mm,which was significantly smaller (P＜0.05) than (1.420±0.638) mm obtained by the indirect placement method.Conclusions Compared with indirect method,direct method has higher reliability and reproducibility in evaluating facial soft tissue.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion for ulcerative colitis (UC) and elucidate its mechanism by targeting the vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling pathway. Methods: A total of 63 patients with UC were randomly divided into an observation group (30 cases, treated with herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion) and a control group (33 cases, treated with sham herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion). Moxibustion treatment was performed at Qihai (CV6) and bilateral Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37), 3 times per week for 12 weeks. The total effective rate, visual analog scale (VAS) score for abdominal bloating and pain, and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) score were compared between the two groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the concentrations of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and interleukin-12 (IL-12)/interleukin-23 (IL-23) p40. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression levels of VDR and regenerating gene Ⅳ (Reg Ⅳ) proteins in colonic mucosa. The expression levels of VDR, cytochrome p45027B1 (CYP27B1), and Reg Ⅳ mRNAs were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitive polymerase chain reaction. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate in the observation group was 86.7％, which was significantly higher than 51.5％ in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the VAS scores for abdominal bloating and pain in the observation group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), as well as the HADS-depression subscale (HADS-D) and HADS-anxiety subscale (HADS) scores (P<0.05), while only the VAS score for abdominal pain in the control group was reduced (P<0.05), and the improvements of the scores in the observation group were more significant than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the serum CRP concentrations in both groups and the IL-12/IL-23 p40 concentration in the observation group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the concentrations in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of VDR protein and mRNA in the colon in both groups were all increased (P<0.01), and the expression levels of Reg Ⅳ protein and mRNA and CYP27B1 mRNA were all decreased in the two groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the improvements in the observation group were more notable than those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: Herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion can effectively alleviate abdominal pain and diarrhea in patients with UC, improve depression and anxiety disorders, and regulate the expression of related proteins in the VDR signaling pathway. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting intestinal inflammation by reducing the release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-12/IL-23 p40.

Objective: The status of masked obesity in female college students and the related factors were investigated to provide a theoretical reference for instructing the physical health education of female college students and improving their physical exercises. Methods: Body composition tests were performed on 2 975 female college students, selected from 3 colleges in North China by using cluster sampling method during October to December in 2018, and their basic information and lifestyle were investigated using questionnaires. Results: The incidence of masked obesity among female college students was 33.18%, of which 2.53% came from low-weight people. The difference in the incidence of masked obesity among female college students with different take-out frequencies was statistically significant (χ2=21.98, P<0.01). Compared with those who never take takeaway, people who take takeaway every day have an increased risk of masked obesity (OR=1.49, 95%CI=0.76-2.91). The difference in the incidence of masked obesity with the frequency of eating midnight snack was statistically significant (χ2=20.80, P<0.05). The difference in the incidence of masked obesity among female college students with different exercise time was statistically significant (χ2=18.49, P<0.01). Compared with exercise time above 60 min/d, female college students who are not exercising have an increased risk of masked obesity (OR=3.20, 95%CI=1.63-6.30). The difference in the incidence of masked obesity among female college students with different weight satisfaction was statistically significant (χ2=217.54, P<0.01). Compared with female college students who were satisfied with weight, female college students who were not satisfied with weight had an increased risk of masked obesity (OR=3.47, 95%CI=1.91-6.31). The difference in the incidence of masked obesity in different weightdown plans is statistically significant (χ2=186.40, P<0.01). Those who want to lose weight have a higher risk of developing masked obesity than those who want to gain weight (OR=18.11, 95%CI=5.54-50.13). Conclusion Female college students who drink a small amount of water, eat takeaways often, eat midnight snacks, do not exercise, and are not satisfied with their weight are more likely to develop masked obesity.

Spastic-paralysis impacts the function of upper extremity in most apoplexy patients.Assessing spasticity condition precisely,timely and effectively plays an important role in guiding rehabilitation treatment,therapeutic evaluation and prognosis of functional outcome.Owing to the limitations of subjective scales,the issue of quantifing the spasticity objectively has become a new research direction in recent years.By reviewing the literatures,we summed up the application of objective assessment tools,which were based on rehabilitation engineering,electrophysiology or biomechanics,in assessing the function of upper extremity with spastic paralysis,as well as put forward the research directions of prospects,in order to give a reference to the systematic integration of assessment tools in the near future.

Objective:To explore the correlation between periodontitis (PD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults, as well as the potential mechanisms involved.Methods:Data on PD and CKD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database between 1999 and 2014 were downloaded. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the risk factors associated with PD and CKD, considering demographic and clinical indicators. Using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets for CKD and PD as outcome variables, as well as 731 immune cell phenotypes and 91 inflammatory proteins as exposure factors from the OPEN GWAS database, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis was performed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method.Results:Seven demographic indicators including gender, age, race, education level, marital status, income, and health are related to the incidence of CKD and PD. Among them, the elderly (≥60 years old), poverty (poverty-income ratio <1.3), divorce or widowhood, and male ratio in the comorbidity group of CKD and PD [67.12% (833/1 241), 36.83% (457/1 241), 34.41% (427/1 241), and 57.78% (717/1 241) respectively] were significantly higher than those in the control group [23.71% (4 179/17 623), 29.17% (5 141/17 623), 18.16% (3 200/17 623), and 48.73% (8 587/17 623) respectively] (all P<0.001). Those with high educational level (university and above) and self-rated excellent health accounted for a relatively small proportion in the comorbidity group [14.10% (175/1 241) and 8.22% (102/1 241) respectively]. The prevalence of PD increased among individuals with abnormal renal function indices, including glomerular filtration rate, urine protein/creatinine ratio, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed a positive correlation between the incidence of PD and CKD ( OR=2.14, 95 %CI: 1.90-2.42, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis also indicated that PD and CKD were potential risk factors for each other (PD for CKD: OR=1.22, 95 %CI: 1.07-1.40, P=0.004; CKD for PD: OR=1.19, 95 %CI: 1.04-1.37, P=0.012). Furthermore, after adjusting the model based on demographic indicators, there was still a significant correlation between PD and CKD ( P=0.010). Mechanistically, the results of the TSMR analysis support the existence of a common risk factor mediated by immune cells between CKD and PD, namely the expression of CD64 on multiple innate immune cells mediates the occurrence of CKD and PD. The absolute count of CD64 + monocytes is associated with an increased risk for both CKD ( HR=1.11) and PD ( HR=1.07), while same tendency showed in the absolute count of CD64 + neutrophils for CKD ( HR=1.22) and PD ( HR=1.23). Conclusions:There is a positive correlation between CKD and PD, particularly moderate to severe PD, and the shared pathogenesis involves CD64 + monocytes in the circulatory system. Targeted interventions focusing on CD64 molecules or monocyte subsets may be beneficial.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors by investigating the spiritual health status of patients with lung cancer during perioperative period.Methods:A total of 208 perioperative patients who underwent radical resection of lung cancer in Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from September 2020 to September 2021 were selected as research objects by the convenient sampling method. The General Data Questionnaire, Chinese version of Functional Assessment of Chronic illness Therapy-Spiritual (FACIT-SP-12) and Family APGAR Index (APGAR) were used to investigate the patients. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between spiritual health and family caring. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between spiritual health and family caring. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors of spiritual health in patients with lung cancer during perioperative period. A total of 208 questionnaires were sent out and 200 were effectively received, with the effective recovery of 96.15%.Results:The total score of FACIT-SP-12 of 200 patients with perioperative lung cancer was (35.59±8.16) , indicating a moderate spiritual health level. The main factors affecting spiritual health of perioperative lung cancer patients were the degree of family care, marital status and payment of medical expenses ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The spiritual health of perioperative lung cancer patients is in the middle level, and the spiritual health of patients with different family caring degrees, marital status and medical payment method is different. Clinical medical workers can carry out targeted nursing intervention according to individual conditions of patients to improve their quality of life.