Objective To discuss the blood flow charateristics of normal Couinaud’s hepatic segments by using whole-liver perfu-sion with multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT).Methods 73 patients underwent whole-liver perfusion enhanced CT scans for detection of gastric or pancreas cancer,and some were excluded including metastatic liver tumors in 7,multiple liver cysts (>3 cm in diameter)in 6,cirrhosis in 6,liver operation or splenecormy in 3,intra-hepatic bile duct dilation in 1,and excessive motion artifacts in 4.The final 46 patients with normal liver were included,and the perfusion parameters of liver segments were measured for estimating blood-dynamics condition.Results The hepatic arterial perfusion (HAP)in segment 3 was significantly higher than that in segment 6,7 and 8 (P <0.05),and the HAP in segment 4 was significantly higher than that in segment 7 (P <0.05).The hepatic perfusion index (HPI)in segment 3 was significantly higher than that in segment 7 (P <0.05).All normal liver were classi-fied into two groups (group A:<60 years,group B:≥60 years),and no significant correlation between age groups was found.How-ever,the perfusion parameter values in group A were higher than those in group B.No significant correlation was found between gen-ders.Conclusion Our results suggest that differences exist in normal hepatic parenchyma between liver segments.MSCT whole-liver perfusion imaging can more comprehensively response hemodynamic changes in liver,and provids the imaging basis for clinical evaluation of liver disease.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) combined with hypercoagulability in children. Methods The clinical data of 57 children with primary PNS were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical features and treatment were compared among high coagulation state group, non high coagulation state group and control group (20 children). At the same time, the differences between the simple nephrotic syndrome group (SNS) and nephritic syndrome group (NNS) in hypercoagulable state were analyzed. In addition, the correlation analysis was performed. Results Among 57 patients, there were 50 patients in high coagulation state group and 7 in non high coagulation state group. There was no significant difference in gender, age and clinical manifestations between two groups (P>0.05). The platelet (PLT) count, platelet aggregation (PCT), albumin (Alb), fibrinogen (Fib), D-dimer (D2) were significantly higher than those in the control group, and there were statistically significant differences (P all<0.01). There were significant differences in the levels of PLT, Fib, D2 and complement C4 between hypercoagulable state group and non hypercoagulable state group (P all<0.05). There were significant differences in HCT, TC, LDL, PT and complement C3 levels between SNS group (n = 32) and NNS group (n =18) in 50 patients with high coagulation state (P<0.05). There was positive correlation between HCT and complement C3 (r=0.30, P<0.05), while there was no correlation between PLT and other indices (P>0.05). All of the 57 patients were improved and has no thrombosis after the treatment. Conclusion Children with primary PNS were usually associated with different degrees of hypercoagulable state, and PLT, Fib, D2 could be used as reference indices for the severity of hypercoagulable state, and the activation of complement system might be related to the occurrence and development of hypercoagulable state.

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristics of blood flow in common hepatic tumors by 256-slice spiral CT whole-liver perfusion imaging.

METHODSSeventy-one patients with hepatic tumors were examined retrospectively by 256-slice spiral CT whole-liver perfusion. Among them, twenty-seven cases were of primary hepatic cancer, twenty-four cases of hepatic hemangioma, and twenty cases of hepatic metastases.Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed in the tumor parenchyma (Area A), peritumoral hepatic parenchyma (Area B), and normal hepatic parenchyma (Area C), respectively. The time density curves (TDC) were drawn, and perfusion parameters including hepatic arterial perfusion(HAP), portal venous perfusion(PVP), total liver perfusion(TLP) and hepatic erfusion index(HPI) were obtained. The values of ROIs were measured, and the perfusion parameters in the areas A, B, C of different hepatic tumors were statistically analyzed.

RESULTSThe values of HAP, PVP, HPI in the tumor parenchyma of primary hepatic carcinoma were (20.00 ± 11.41)ml · min(-1) · 100 ml(-1,) (32.31 ± 21.06)ml · min(-1) · 100 ml(-1,) (52.31 ± 30.55)ml · min(-1) · 100 ml(-1,) and (39.67 ± 11.19)%, showing significant difference as compared with those in peritumoral hepatic parenchyma and in normal hepatic parenchyma(P<0.05). The values of HAP, TLP, and HPI in the tumor parenchyma of hepatic hemangioma were (40.39 ± 29.23)ml · min(-1) · 100 ml(-1,) (132.72 ± 132.65) ml · min(-1) · 100 ml(-1,) and (35.51 ± 15.12)%, were significantly different as compared with those in the peritumoral hepatic parenchyma and in normal hepatic parenchyma(P<0.05). The values of HAP, PVP, HPI in the tumor parenchyma of hepatic metastases were (17.43 ± 12.27)ml · min(-1) · 100 ml(-1,) (36.19 ± 34.99) ml · min(-1) · 100 ml(-1,) and (37.86 ± 14.49)%, significantly different as compared normal hepatic parenchyma (P<0.05). The HAP, PVP, and TLP of tumor tissue and the PVP and HPI of peritumoral tissue in different hepatic tumors were statistically significantly different (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe multi-slice spiral CT whole-liver perfusion has certain value in the diagnosis of common hepatic tumors. Perfusion parameters in different areas of common hepatic tumors have their own hemodynamic characteristics.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; Hemangioma ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; Hepatic Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; physiology ; Humans ; Liver ; blood supply ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; secondary ; Perfusion Imaging ; Portal Vein ; diagnostic imaging ; physiology ; Regional Blood Flow ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

Objective To investigate the community structure and spatial distribution of wild myomorpha in the plague foci of Lianghe County,Yunnan Province.Methods From December 2015 to October 2016,in Mangdong,Hexi,Nangsong and other places in Lianghe County,forest landscape samples were randomly selected in different altitude gradients (1 000 ～,1 200 ～,1 400 ～,≥ 1 600 m).Peanut was used as a bait for trapping myomorpha,and the community structure of myomorpha was analyzed.Results A total of 663 myomorpha were collected and the density was 7.97％ (663/8 320),which were divided into 16 species,11 genus,5 families,and 3 orders.Rattus tanezumi (30.62％,203/663) was the dominant species.In the 1 000-＜ 1 200 m altitude gradient,the richness of myomorpha was the highest (13 kinds).In the 1 400-＜ 1 600 m altitude gradient,the index of diversity (2.094 2) was the highest.With the increase of altitude,the ecological dominance were increased,and the values were 0.672 2,0.774 2,0.842 8,and 0.882 4,respectively,whereas the evenness presented a decreasing trend,and the values were 0.269 2,0.197 1,0.142 8,and 0.162 0.Conclusions The Rattus tanezumi has presented a single dominant distribution at different elevation and the number and the species of the wild rodent with superior position have increased with the altitude increased in Lianghe focus.With the increase of altitude,the diversity and the evenness have increased,whereas the richness and the dominance have decreased.

Objective:To detect and analyze the contents of eight metal elements in water samples of plague foci in Yunnan Province.Methods:During the period from December 2015 to November 2016, the plague foci of Yulong, Jianchuan and Lianghe were selected as sampling sites, water samples were collected in areas with rodent activities in the 4 seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. The contents of eight metal elements calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), plumbum (Pb), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd) and cuprum (Cu) in water samples were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), and the data [median (interquartile distance)] were statistically analyzed.Results:Twenty-six, 58 and 54 water samples were collected from Yulong, Jianchuan and Lianghe plague foci, respectively. The contents of metal elements of Pb and Cd in water samples of the three plague foci [Yulong: 0.19 (0.78) and 0.08 (0.07) mg/L; Jianchuan: 0.23 (0.56) and 0.03 (0.06) mg/L; Lianghe: 0.13 (0.61) and 0.09 (0.08) mg/L] were higher than that of "Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water" (Pb: 0.10 mg/L, Cd: 0.01 mg/L). There were significant differences in the contents of Ca and Cd elements among the three regions ( P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the contents of the other 6 metal elements among the three regions ( P > 0.05). The content of Ca element was the highest in Yulong plague foci, and the lowest in Lianghe plague foci ( P < 0.017). In the Yulong plague foci, there was no statistically significant difference in the content of Fe element in different seasons ( P > 0.05), and the differences in the contents of the other 7 metal elements were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the content of Cr element in Jianchuan plague foci in different seasons ( P > 0.05), and the differences in the content of the other 7 metal elements were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the content of Ca element in Lianghe plague foci in different seasons ( P > 0.05), and the differences in the content of the other 7 metal elements were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The metal element contents of Pb and Cd are relatively abundant in water samples from 3 plague foci of Yunnan Province, and the seasonal variation trend of metal element content in water samples of Yulong and Jianchuan plague foci is similar.

Objective To investigate the geographic landscape features in Yulong plague natural focus.Methods Four altitudinal gradients (2 400-,2 600-,2 800-,≥3 000 m) were selected as study objects in Yulong plague natural focus from December 2015 to November 2016 to collect and analyze geographic landscape factors (topography and terrain,climate,water areas,vegetation and soil) based on the literatures about this plague focus.Results Yulong plague natural focus was an area with mid-mountain and subalpine topography in northwestern Yunnan Province,and its terrain had the character of lower in the southeast and higher in the northwest.This area belonged to plateau warm temperate monsoon climate of low latitude with an average month temperature 13.6 ℃ from 2005-2016,month air relative humidity averaged 59.4％,and rainfall averaged 884.5 mm a year,which concentrated mostly from June to September.About 98.1％ of the water area in Yulong County was controlled by Chin-sha River.The vegetation and soil were characterized by vertical distribution along with altitude gradients obviously.Conclusion The unique geographical landscape of the plague natural focus in Yulong County is one of important factors affecting the occurrence and epidemic of the plague.

Objective To compare and analyze the soil eight metal elements contents of rat holes of three plague foci in Yunnan Province.Methods The soils were collected from the rat holes in Yulong,Jianchuan,and Lianghe plague foci.Calcium (Ca),iron (Fe),zinc (Zn),chromium (Cr),lead (Pb),manganese (Mn),cadmium (Cd),and copper (Cu) were quantified with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).Data input,calculation and collation were conducted through Excel 2007,and statistical software SPSS 20.0 was used to carried out statistical analysis through rank sum test.Results The medians of Ca content in the rat hole soil of Yulong County,Jianchuan County,and Lianghe County,respectively,were 85.40,308.56,and 0.00 mg/kg;the medians of Fe were 2 569.07,1 950.16,and 975.72 mg/kg;the medians of Zn were 5.64,4.02,and 2.04 mg/kg;the medians of Cr were 1.09,3.06,and 0.71 mg/kg;the medians of Pb were 3.61,29.56,and 22.80 mg/kg;the medians of Mn were 223.01,212.97,and 80.43 mg/kg;the medians of Cd were 0.00,2.02,and 2.94 mg/kg;and the medians of Cu were 1.92,1.08,and 0.51 mg/kg.The contents of eight metal elements were statistically different in the soil samples between Yulong,Jianchuan,and Lianghe plague foci (H =80.538,127.687,202.583,185.359,124.747,150.057,91.346,228.546,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The content of Fe in soil of the three plague foci in Yunnan Province is abundant.The contents of metal elements of Yulong County and Jianchuan County are similar.

Objectives:To analyze the consistency of evaluating left ventricular hemodynamics (HDF) based on single plane and multi plane cine sequences of magnetic resonance mitral valve orifice.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 48 healthy adults, and two methods were used to measure the mitral valve diameter and calculate HDF parameters. The first method was to measure the diameter of the mitral valve opening in the left ventricular three chamber cine sequence; The second method is to measure the mitral valve diameter using cine sequences of two chamber, three chamber, and four chamber hearts, and then take the average value. Paired t-tests were used to compare the differences in HDF measured by two methods, and Pearson correlation coefficient ( r), intra group correlation coefficient ( ICC), and Bland-Altman analysis were used to test the consistency and reproducibility of the two methods. Results:The root mean square (RMS) of longitudinal HDF calculated using single plane and multi plane mitral valve diameters were [(17.28±4.41)% vs (17.21±4.61)%] ( P=0.379) for the entire cardiac cycle, [(21.45±5.54)% vs (21.49±5.68)%] ( P=0.646) for systolic phase, and [(12.78±4.10)% vs (12.54±4.24)%] ( P=0.106) for diastolic phase, respectively. The difference in the calculation results of HDF parameters related to ventricular function was not statistically significant (all P>0.05), and there was good consistency ( r=0.924-0.996, ICC=0.924-0.995). The two HDF parameters related to atrial function were sensitive to the measurement method of mitral valve orifice diameter [RMS of longitudinal HDF during active atrial emptying: (3.26±1.51)% vs (3.32±1.55)%, P=0.006; longitudinal HDF pulse during active atrial emptying: (-2.60±1.28)% vs (-2.76±1.30)%, P<0.001]. Conclusions:The ventricular function related HDF parameters obtained from the analysis of mitral valve orifice diameter using single plane and multi plane methods have good consistency, and can be evaluated using relatively simple single plane methods for left ventricular HDF.