Tumor thermal ablation therapy has been the common minimally invasive technique because of its excellent efficacy and safety,and has become a promising clinical minimally invasive treatment.But there are still limitations in its therapeutic range.Moreover,as an effective local treatment,the technology is bound to a cooperation with tumor system treatments.This review provides an overview of the concept of tumor thermotherapy and thermal ablation,and the possible mechanism of the synergistic effect of the thermal ablation with chemotherapy,including hyperthermia changing the blood supply to improve drug distribution,hyperthermia increasing drug intake,hyperthermia modifying the cytotoxicity of many chemotherapeutic agents,combination therapy improving the rate of complete ablation and promoting cell apoptosis.

Microwave ablation,as a minimally invasive therapy,causes focal hyperthermic injury to ablated tumors.It also induces anti-tumor immunity which could contribute to another mechanism of tumor destruction.Combination with immunotherapy could further enhance the tumor-specific immunity,lead to stronger inhibitory effects on both primary and metastatic lesions and decrease recurrence and metastasis.Thus,combination of microwave ablation and immunotherapy is a promising approach in the treatment of solid tumors,especially for advanced cancers.This article reviews recent advances in the mechanism and application of immune effect induced by microwave ablation.

Objective:To investigate the effect of early gradual diet on reducing delirium in elderly patients with hip arthroplasty.Methods:From January 2018 to January 2020, 74 cases of hip arthroplasty patients aged over 65 years old who were treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were selected as the observation objects. They were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 37 cases in each group. The experimental group was given early gradual diet on the basis of routine postoperative care, while the control group was given routine postoperative diet on the basis of routine postoperative care. The incidence of postoperative delirium, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), patient satisfaction rate, average hospitalization days and average hospitalization expenses were used to evaluate the effect of early gradual diet on reducing delirium in elderly patients with hip arthroplasty.Results:The incidence of delirium in the experimental group was 2.70% (1/37) and 16.22% (6/37) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 3.945, P<0.05); the hospitalization days of the experimental group were (10.68±5.13) d, (13.62±7.19) d in the control group. The difference of hospitalization days was statistically significant ( t value was 2.877, P<0.01). The incidence of difficulty in falling asleep and the satisfaction rate of the experimental group were 8.11% (3/37) and 94.59% (35/37) respectively, and those in the control group were 29.73% (11/37) and 78.38% (29/37) respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2 value was 5.638, 4.163, P<0.05). Conclusions:Early gradual diet after operation can reduce the incidence of delirium in elderly patients with hip arthroplasty, shorten the average hospitalization days, reduce the incidence of difficulty in falling asleep, improve patients' satisfaction, and help patients to pass through the perioperative period more safely and comfortably.

Objective : To explore season-specific association between ambient PM2.5 and outpatient visits for asthma in the urban areas of Ningbo. Methods : Based on the platform of population health information,we collected daily outpatient visits for asthma in four general hospitals in the urban areas of Ningbo from 2014 to 2016. We also collected data of meteorological indicators and air pollutants during the same period from local weather bureau and environmental monitoring center. Generalized additive model（GAM）was applied to examining the relationship and lag effects between ambient PM2.5 and outpatient visits for asthma in different seasons. Results : A total of 45 184 outpatients with asthma were reported from 2014 to 2016,with an average of 41.23 cases per day. The annual average concentration of PM2.5 in Ningbo was（43.12± 26.40）μg/m3 ,with the peak as（65.27± 34.51）μg/m3 in winter and the though as（27.34± 12.70）μg/m3 in summer. A 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 were associated with 1.14%（95%CI：0.48%-1.81%）,2.40%（95%CI：0.22%-4.63%）and 1.37%（95%CI：0.28%-2.48%）increase of outpatient volume for asthma on the day in the whole year,summer and winter,respectively. In summer,males were at higher risk compared to females（P< 0.05）;in winter,people under 65 years old were at higher risk（P< 0.05）. Including NO2,the effect of PM2.5 on the excess risk of outpatient visits for asthma in summer was enhanced in two-pollutant models（P< 0.05）. Conclusion PM2.5 pollution might increase the outpatient volume for asthma in summer and winter. NO2 might have synergistic effect with PM2.5 on asthma.

Objective: To evaluate the pathogenicity of Acinetobacter venetum（Av），which is expected to be used as an environmental remediation agent，using Caenorhabditis elegans（C.elegans）. Methods: The C.elegans were cultured on the media loaded with E.coli OP50 and Av，respectively. The pathogenicity of Av was evaluated by observing the effects of Av on the growth，movement，digestive function，lifespan and reproduction of C.elegans，compared with that of another evaluation system according to NY 1109-2017 General Biosafety Standard for Microbial Fertilizers. Results: By C. elegans system，it was found that the body length，width，head thrash frequency，body bending frequency and average lifespan [（13.5±0.4）d vs.（13.7±0.4）d] of adult nematodes in the Av group were not significantly different from those in the OP50 group（all P>0.05）；while the average time of defecation cycle in the Av group shortened，the total number of progenies in the Av group increased by 18.7%（all P<0.05）. According to NY1109-2017 General Biosafety Standard for Microbial Fertilizers，it was found that the oral LD50 values for both male and female mice were more than 10 g/kgbw，which was practically non-toxic；the pathogenicity test of acute intraperitoneal injection showed that the animals did not have signs of poisoning，deaths or any abnormalities in gross anatomy；Av had no irritation to damaged skin and eyes of rabbits；the hemolysis test was negative；Av was sensitive to seven antibiotics and was medium to one antibiotic. Conclusion Av is not pathogenic. C. elegans can be used in early screening for the pathogenicity of environmental remediation agents.

Objective To investigate the health status of workers exposed to noise in a brewery in Beijing and to analyze the relationship between hearing loss and blood pressure. Methods A total of 949 noise-exposed workers in a brewery who participated in occupational health examination were selected as the investigation subjects. A survey was conducted to investigate the pure tone hearing threshold and abnormal blood pressure of the workers with different characteristics, and to analyze the relationship between the two. Results Among the noise-exposed workers, the detection rates of hearing abnormality, hypertension, and increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 73.55%, 52.37%, 43.84% and 46.47%, respectively. The detection rates of hearing abnormality, indicators of hypertension, high frequency hearing threshold abnormality and increased binaural high frequency hearing threshold on average in males were higher than those in females (P < 0.05). Except that there was no statistically significant difference in weighted values of the better ear’s hearing thresholds among different working age groups (P> 0.05), the detection rates of other hearing abnormality, indicators of hypertension, speech frequency hearing threshold abnormality, high frequency hearing threshold abnormality，increased binaural high frequency hearing threshold on average and the weighted value of the better ear's hearing threshold all increased or had an increasing trend with the increase of age or working years (P< 0.05). The detection rates of hypertension in the groups with high frequency hearing threshold abnormality and increased binaural high frequency hearing threshold on average were higher than those in the normal group (P＜0.05). Conclusion The noise-exposed workers in the brewery have hearing impairment, which is related to the occurrence of hypertension. It is recommended to strengthen the publicity and education on noise protection and take protective measures to reduce the occurrence of occupational noise injury.

An increased level of reactive oxygen species is a key factor in neuronal apoptosis and epileptic seizures. Irisin reportedly attenuates the apoptosis and injury induced by oxidative stress. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of exogenous irisin in a kainic acid (KA)-induced chronic spontaneous epilepsy rat model. The results indicated that exogenous irisin significantly attenuated the KA-induced neuronal injury, learning and memory defects, and seizures. Irisin treatment also increased the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which were initially reduced following KA administration. Furthermore, the specific inhibitor of UCP2 (genipin) was administered to evaluate the possible protective mechanism of irisin. The reduced apoptosis, neurodegeneration, and spontaneous seizures in rats treated with irisin were significantly reversed by genipin administration. Our findings indicated that neuronal injury in KA-induced chronic epilepsy might be related to reduced levels of BDNF and UCP2. Moreover, our results confirmed the inhibition of neuronal injury and epileptic seizures by exogenous irisin. The protective effects of irisin may be mediated through the BDNF-mediated UCP2 level. Our results thus highlight irisin as a valuable therapeutic strategy against neuronal injury and epileptic seizures.
Rats ; Animals ; Kainic Acid/toxicity* ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism* ; Fibronectins/metabolism* ; Hippocampus/metabolism* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Epilepsy/metabolism* ; Seizures/prevention & control*