Objective To study the protective effect of polyene phosphatidylcholine on hepatic injury induced by oxaliplatin and 5?fluorouracil. Methods A subcutaneous tumor model was established by transplanting colocarcinoma HCT116 cells into 30 nude mice,which were random?ized into three groups. The polyene phosphatidylcholine group was injected with polyene phosphatidylcholine(85 mg · kg-1 · d-1)and 5?fluorouracil (20 mg·kg-1·d-1)for 7 days,and then injected with oxaliplatin(6 mg·kg-1·d-1)for 1 day. The hepatic injury group was injected with 5?fluoroura?cil(20 mg·kg-1·d-1)for 7 days and oxaliplatin(6 mg·kg-1·d-1)for 1 day. The tumor?bearing blank group was injected with normal saline. Hepat?ic injury was observed with ultrathin pathological sections. Liver homogenates were prepared to detect superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase (CAT)activity. Results In the hepatic injury group,pathological sections revealed dissolved cellular cytoplasm,mitochondrial membrane dam?age,cell membrane edema,and fuzzy,sinusoidal cell expansion . There were no obvious hepatic injuries observed in the polyene phosphatidylcho?line group. The expression of SOD and CAT were lower in the hepatic injury and polyene phosphatidylcholine groups compared to the tumor?bear?ing blank group(P<0.05). The expression of SOD and CAT were higher in the polyene phosphatidylcholine group compared to the hepatic injury group(P<0.05). Conclusion Polyene phosphatidylcholine has a protective effect on hepatic injury induced by oxaliplatin and 5?fluorouracil, which may be related to its effect on membrane repair and inhibition of oxidative stress.

The specific fragment of Pneumococcal surface protein A(PspA)and Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A(PsaA)gene was amplified by PCR from Streptococcus pneumonia 5 and Streptococcus pneumonia 19.The amplified fragnent of PspA and PsaA gene was ligated into pET-27b(+)vector and transformed into BL 21 E.coli for expression and obtain the expressive production of PspA and PsaA.Induced by IPTG,the expression level was as high as 75 % of the total disolube protein.The result showed that the recombinant plasmid could express a specific 75 kDa and 37 kDa fusion protein in E.coli BL 21,which showed the good immunogenicity and a broadly cross reactivity with the other serotypes.

Objective To investigate the impacts of pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) silencing on the radiosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549 cells) and the radiation synergy of xenografts, and to explore their mechanisms. Methods Plasmid pshRNA?PKM2 for interference with PKM2 expression was transfected into A549 cells, and empty vector?transfected cells and untransfected cells were set as con?trols. The silencing efficiency of pshRNA?PKM2 and the expression level of microtubule?associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3) were measured by Western blot assay. The radiosensitizing effects in A549 cells and xen?ografts after PKM2 silencing were determined by colony?forming assay and xenografts growth curves. Autoph?agy formation in A549 cells and xenografts was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, and the ex?pression level of PKM2 in xenografts was measured by immunohistochemistry. Comparison between groups was made by Student′s t?test, and the body weights of nude mice and xenograft volumes were subjected to a?nalysis of variance for continuous variables. Results Stable A549 cell lines transfected with pshRNA?PKM2 were successfully produced. Transfection with pshRNA?PKM2 significantly down?regulated PKM2 expression in A549 cells and xenografts (P= 0?? 001;P= 0?? 000). The sensitizer enhancement ratios for A549 cells and xenografts were 1?? 47 and 2?? 00, respectively. Interference with PKM2 expression enhanced radiation?in duced autophagy formation and significantly increased the ratio of LC 3 ? II / I ( P= 0.000 1 ) . Conclusions Silencing of PKM2 expression may enhance the radiosensitivity of A549 cells and xenografts by regulation of autophagy, which holds promise for becoming an effective radiosensitizing target for non?small cell lung canc?er, but still needs to be confirmed by further studies.

Objective To investigate the effect of ischemic postconditioning (IPO) on renal injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in mice.Methods Thirty-six healthy male C57BL/6J mice,aged 9-12 weeks,were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =12 each):sham operation group ( S group),I/R group,and IPO + I/R group ( group IPO).Intestinal I/R was produced by occlusion of superior mesenteric artery for 45 min followed by 2 h reperfusion.The mice underwent 3 cycles of 30 s reperfusion and 30 s ischemia at the end of 45 min ischemia before 2 h reperfusion.Blood samples were collected from carotid artery at 2 h of reperfusion and then the mice were sacrificed.The kidney was removed for microscopic examination.The pathological changes of the kidney were scored.The concentrations of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN),creatinine (Cr) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)were detected.The expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase- 1 ( HO- 1 ),superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity,and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA),TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 were determined in renal tissues.Results The concentrations of serum BUN,Cr and NGAL,MDA content and the expression of Nrf2 and HO- 1 were significantly higher,SOD activity was significantly lower,and the pathological score was significantly higher in group I/R that in group S ( P ＜ 0.05).The concentrations of serum BUN,Cr and NGAL and MDA content were significantly lower,the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 and SOD activity were significantly higher,and the pathological score was significantly lower in group IPO that in group I/R ( P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the content of TNF-αα,IL-6 and IL-10 among all groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion IPO can alleviate the renal injury induced by intestinal I/R through promoting the expression of Nrf2 and up-regulating the expression of HO-1 in mice.

Objective To investigate the death of chondrocytes in rats which feed with T-2 toxin under selenium (Se) deficient conditions.Methods Thirty two healthy male SD rats were divided into two groups by weight which were normal diet group and Se deficiency diet group,16 rats in each group.Rats in normal diet group were fed with Se 101.5 μg/kg diet,and rats in Se deficiency diet group were fed with Se 1.1 μg/kg diet for 30 d.Normal diet group was divided into control group and T-2 toxin group,and Se deliciency diet group was randomly divided into Se-deficiency group and Se-deficiency plus T-2 toxin group,8 rats in each group.After that,rats in T-2 toxin and Se-deficiency plus T-2 toxin groups were administrated intragastrically with T-2 toxin (100 μg/kg) everyday for 30 d.Rats were put to death,the left knee was taken and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and SafraninFast green,pathological changes of rat's knee joint cartilage were observed under light microscopy,expression levels of active caspase-3 and receptor interacting protein 3 (RIP3) in rat's articular cartilage cells were determined via the immunohistochemical method.The apoptosis was also detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay (TUNEL).Results Red ghost outlines of chondrocyte and multiple chondral cell clusters surrounded the non-cell areas in deep zone of articular cartilage of knee joint stained with hematoxylineosin were seen in Se-deficiency plus T-2 toxin group under light microscope.In the superficial zone of cartilage,the positive percent of TUNEL and active caspase-3 in Se-deficiency plus T-2 toxin group was higher than those of control group,Se-deficiency group and T-2 toxin group [(7.47-± 0.34)％ vs (4.68 ± 0.54)％,(2.67-± 0.64)％,(2.56 ±0.54)％;(4.75 ± 0.67)％ vs (1.24 ± 0.25)％,(0.00 ± 0.00)％,(0.00 ± 0.00)％,P ＜ 0.05].In the middle zone of cartilage,the positive percent of TUNEL,active caspase-3 and RIP3 in Se-deficiency plus T-2 toxin group was significantly higher than those of control group,T-2 toxin group and Se-deficiency group [(72.06 ± 6.15)％ vs (16.10 ± 3.00)％,(19.57 ± 3.49)％,(19.33 ± 5.19)％;(51.13 ± 4.18)％ vs (10.97-± 3.01)％,(15.36 ± 4.37)％,(15.23 ± 3.13)％;(25.91 ± 13.39)％ vs (1.59 ± 1.14)％,(4.32 ± 2.91)％,(7.50 ± 5.00)％,P ＜ 0.05].The positive percents of TUNEL,active caspase-3 and RIP3 were not significantly different in the deep zone (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The death of the middle zone in the rat cartilage induced by T-2 toxin under selenium deficient conditions isapoptosis and necroptosis.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the linear regression equation between body height and combined length of manubrium and mesostenum of sternum measured by CT volume rendering technique (CT-VRT) in southwest Han population. METHODS: One hundred and sixty subjects, including 80 males and 80 females were selected from southwest Han population for routine CT-VRT (reconstruction thickness 1 mm) examination. The lengths of both manubrium and mesosternum were recorded, and the combined length of manubrium and mesosternum was equal to the algebraic sum of them. The sex-specific linear regression equations between the combined length of manubrium and mesosternum and the real body height of each subject were deduced. RESULTS: The sex-specific simple linear regression equations between the combined length of manubrium and mesostenum (x3) and body height (y) were established (male: y = 135.000+2.118 x3 and female: y = 120.790+2.808 x3). Both equations showed statistical significance (P < 0.05) with a 100% predictive accuracy. CONCLUSION CT-VRT is an effective method for measurement of the index of sternum. The combined length of manubrium and mesosternum from CT-VRT can be used for body height estimation in southwest Han population.
Asian People ; Body Height ; Female ; Forensic Anthropology ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Manubrium/anatomy & histology* ; Regression Analysis ; Sternum/anatomy & histology* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo analyzed the computed tomography angiography (CTA) features of the coronary artery fistulas.

METHODSSixty-six coronary artery fistulas were diagnosed out of 12 717 patients underwent the coronary artery multiple detector CTA examination. The origin and drainage site of the coronary artery fistulas and the plaque and stenosis of the coronary artery were observed by post-processing analysis on various images. Coronary artery angiography was performed in 14 out of 66 coronary artery fistulas patients.

RESULTSCoronary artery fistulas arose from bilateral coronary artery system in 21 cases, from left coronary artery in 26 cases and from right coronary artery in 19 cases. The majority of coronary artery fistulas entered into pulmonary artery (41 cases). The rest drainage sites included left atrium (10 cases), right atrium (8 cases), left ventricle (4 cases), coronary sinus (2 cases) and right ventricle (1 case). The findings of CTA and coronary artery angiography were consistent in 14 patients with DSA examination. Coronary artery plagues were evidenced in 31 cases and stenosis was greater than 50% in 7 coronary artery fistulas patients.

CONCLUSIONSMultiple coronary artery fistulas are not rare, and pulmonary artery is the most frequent drainage site. When suspecting the coronary artery fistulas, coronary artery CTA can be the first choice of diagnose. CTA can supply adequate information for therapy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arterio-Arterial Fistula ; diagnostic imaging ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical features and prognosis of acute renal failure (ARF) caused by rhabdomyolysis (RM) in children.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data, laboratory examination, and prognosis of 26 RM children with ARF.

RESULTSThe causes for all 26 RM children with ARF were non-traumatic diseases, and the three most common causes were infection (69%), diabetes (12%), and metabolic disease (8%). In the RM children with ARF, the five most frequent clinical manifestations were fever (69%), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (69%), convulsion (46%), oliguria or anuria (35%), and tea-colored urine (27%). All 26 children had a serum creatine kinase (CK) level of >1 000 IU/L, among whom 26 had increased aspartate aminotransferase, 25 had increased alanine aminotransferase, 25 had increased creatine kinase isoenzyme, and 23 had increased lactate dehydrogenase. Serum myoglobin (Mb) was measured in 22 children and was found to increase in all these children. The mean time for CK to decrease to below 1 000 IU/L was 10±5 d. There was no significant difference in the time to CK recovery between the 10 children who were treated with conventional treatment as well as continuous venous-venous hemofiltration and those who were not treated with blood purification (P>0.05). Of all 26 RM children with ARF, 7 were withdrawn from the treatment, and 19 had normal renal function after treatment.

CONCLUSIONSARF and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome are major complications in RM children. The major primary disease for RM children with ARF is infectious disease. CK is the major marker for the diagnosis of RM. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment may reverse ARF and improve prognosis.

Acute Kidney Injury ; etiology ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Creatine Kinase ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhabdomyolysis ; complications ; therapy

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of oleanolic acid-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid-D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (PLGA-TPGS ) nanoparticles (OPTN ) combined with heparin sodium-loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles (HPTN)on liver cancer,and explore whether OPTN combined with HPTN has a synergistic effect by comparing the results of single medication.Methods Coumarin 6 and eosin were used as fluorescent probes to examine the cellular uptake by human liver cancer HepG2 cell and murine ascitic hepatocarcinoma cell strain with high metastasis potential in the lymphatic system (HCa-F).The in vitro cytotoxic combination effect and apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by OPTN combined with HPTN were also determined using WST-1 assay and Annexin V-FITC staining. The antitumor effect in vivo was determined by tumor growth inhibition rate and hematoxylin & eosin staining (H & E)method.Results Both OPTN with green fluorescence and HPTN with red fluorescence were found in HepG2 cells and HCa-F cells,suggesting that they had been internalized.The cell cytotoxicity test and Annexin V-FITC staining results showed that OPTN combined with HPTN had a synergistic effect.The therapeutic effect in vivo showed that OPTN combined with HPTN effectively inhibited tumor growth better than the drug alone.Conclusion OPTN combined with HPTN has a synergistic effect in more effectively inhibiting liver cancer better than single medication.

Objective To observe the effects of estradiol benzoate (E_2),human cberionic gonadotropin (hCG) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) on testicular descent and their relation to the expression of insulin-like factor-3 (INSL3) mBNA in rats.Methods At birth,40 SD male rats were assigned to 4 groups,and each group consisted of 10 rats.Each group received injection of one of the following drugs:normal saline(NS),E_3,hCG+E_2,and LHRH+E_2 for 29 clays after birth.Total RNA was extracted from the testis on day 30 after birth.INSL3 was synthesized and further amplified by RT-PCR.Results (1) Testicular descent rate on clay 30 after birth was 100% (20/20) in the group of NS,0% (0/20) in the group of E_2,85% (17/20) of hCG + E_2,and 70% (14/20) of LHBH + E_2.There was no significant difference between the last two groups ( P = 0.45).(2) Weight of testis differed significantly among the groups ( F = 56.67,P＜0.01 ),being lightest in the group of E_2.(3) E_2 could damage the germ cells of testis,however hCG and LHRH ameliorated this situation. (4) The expression of INSL3 mBNA was absent in the group of E_2,while the other groups showed normal expression.Conclusion E_2 inhibits testicular descent in rats,while hCG and LHRH promote the progress.The mechanism seems to be related to the expression of INSL3 mRNA.