CX-conjugated antigen(BSA-CX) were produced by methods of EDC.The spleen cells of BALB/C mouse immunized by BSA-CX were fused with SP2/0 plasmacytoma cells using PEG4000,and selected cultured with HAT and HT medium.A hybridoma cell line of 2H8-B1-F4 was secreened for specificity to CX,and cloned by limited dilution method for 3 times,which secrete high affinity and stable monoclonal antibodies against CX with indirect ELISA. The antibody was characterized by IgG1 isotype, the titers of antibody in cell supernatant and ascites were 1∶1000 and 1∶4?10~5,respectively.The mAb against CX was selective toward dicloxacillin, oxacillin with cross-reactivity of about 19.6% and 21.3%,which can be used to detect CX residues by competitive ELISA.

Objective To study the influence of survivin targetedly inhibited with antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN)technique on the apoptosis of hepatoma carcinoma cells SMMC-7221,and to clarify the mechanism of promotion effect of survivin-ASODN on the apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells.Methods The ASODN sequence of survivin marked by FAM fluorescein was designed and synthized. The SMMC-7721 cells were transfected by different concentrations (100,200,300,400,and 600 nmol· L-1 )of survivin-ASODN (ASODN transfection groups),at the same time blank control group and blank liposome control group and sense oligonucleotide (SODN) control group were set up.The apoptotic rates and the changes of cell cycle of the SMMC-7721 cells 24,48,and 72 h after transfected with different concentrations of survivin-ASODN were detected by FCM. The expression levels of survivin were measured by Western blotting method.Results Compared with each control group,24 h after transfection,the apoptotic rates of survivin-ASODN transfected SMMC-7221 cells were increased,the growth of cells was inhibited (P<0.05),and the effects had time-dose dependent tendency.48 h after transfection,the hypodiploid apoptotic peak appeared in ASODN transfection groups before G1 phase, the number of the cells at G0/G1 phase was decreased (P<0.05)and the number of the cells at G2/M phase wsa increased (P<0.05). Compared with each control group,the survivin expression levels in the SMMC-7721 cells in ASODN transfection groups were decreased (P<0.05 ), and the effects of survivin-ASODN was time-dose dependent (P<0.05 ). Conclusion Survivin-ASODN can block the expression of survivin in SMMC-7721 cells and inhibit the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells by changing the cell cycle and increasing apoptosis in a time-dose dependent manner.

Widespread distribution, strong toxicity, and difficulty to detoxicatemakemarine biotoxins a great threat to the nation' public security and health. To meet this threat, great endeavor has been devoted to marine biotoxin analysis. Up to now the methods for marine biotoxins analysis include bioassay test, immunoassay, liquid chromatography, enzyme activity assay, cytotoxicity test, etc. In this review, we summarized the major technique developments in marine biotoxins analysis.

The α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a ligand-gated ion channel that is distributed throughout the nervous system. It is involved in the regulation of various neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and norepinephrine. α4β2-nAChR plays an important role in learning, memory, cognition, attention, inflammation, and pain. A large number of studies have shown that α4β2-nAChR is an important therapeutic target for neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, depression, nicotine dependence, pain, etc. It is an important target in the early diagnosis and curative effect detection of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. This review summarizes the role, mechanisms and related drug research advances on α4β2-nAChR ligand drugs in neurological diseases, as well as providing a theoretical basis for identifying and developing more suitable α4β2-nAChR-related compounds.

To study the chemical constituents of the 95% ethanol extract of Psidium guajava. Compounds were separated by using a combination of various chromatographic methods including silica gel, D101 macroporous resin, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectral data Eighteen compounds were isolated and identified as (+) -globulol (1), clovane-2beta, 9alpha-diol (2), 2beta-acetoxyclovan-9alpha-ol (3), (+) -caryolane-1 ,9beta-diol (4), ent-T-muurolol (5), clov-2-ene-9alpha-ol (6), isophytol (7), tamarixetin (8), gossypetin (9), quercetin (10), kaempferol (11), guajaverin (12), avicularin (13), chrysin 6-C-glucoside (14), 3'-O-methyl-3, 4-methylenedioxyellagic acid 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (15), p-hydroxy-benzoic acid (16), guavinoside A (17) and guavinoside B (18). Compounds 2-9 and 14-16 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The ethanol extract showed 61.3% inhibition against the proliferation of colon cancer cell line SW480.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Psidium ; chemistry

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial disease in which inflammation plays a central role.This study aimed to investigate the association of inflammatory markers such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR),the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score with in-hospital mortality of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in an attempt to explore the prognostic value of these indices for elderly AMI patients.One thousand consecutive CAD patients were divided into two groups based on age 60.The laboratory and clinical characteristics were assessed retrospectively by reviewing the medical records.The NLR and GRACE score were calculated.In the elderly (≥60 years),patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) had significantly higher NLR than did those with unstable angina (UA) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) (P＜0.01).The NLR was considerably elevated in older AMI patients compared with their younger counterparts (＜60 years) (P＜0.05).In elderly AMI patients,the NLR was considerably higher in the high-risk group than in both the low-risk and medium-risk groups based on the GRACE score (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01,respectively),and the NLR was positively correlated with the GRACE score (r=0.322,P＜0.001).Either the NLR level or the GRACE score was significantly higher in the death group than in the surviving group (P＜0.05).By curve receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis,the optimal cut-off levels of 9.41 for NLR and 174 for GRACE score predicted in-hospital death [ROC area under the curve (AUC) 0.771 and 0.787,respectively,P＜0.001].It was concluded that an elevated NLR is a potential predictor of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with AMI.

Objective To evaluate the safety of human purified Vero cell rabies vaccine(PVRV)after exposure in China by Meta-analysis.Methods With rabies,vaccine and safety as key words,a systematic search was performed in PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),supplemented by manual retrieval.A Meta-analysis was performed to analyze the incidence of adverse events of two immunization regimens Zagreb and Essen using Review Manager 5.4 software after literature screening and data extraction according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results A total of 12 studies were included,of which 7 were prospective studies and 5 were retrospective studies.Most included in the studies showed a low risk of bias.The incidence of adverse events in Zagreb regimen was significantly higher than that in Essen regimen[relative risk(RR)= 1.01,95% CI = 0.90 ～ 1.14;I2= 73.00%,P<0.05],but there was a high degree of heterogeneity.The incidence of fever,pain and induration in Zagreb regimen was significantly higher than that in Essen regimen(RR = 1.14,0.92 and 0.86,95% CI = 0.82 ～ 1.60,0.73 ～ 1.14 and 0.29 ～ 2.51;I2= 73.00%,P<0.05],but there was a high degree of heterogeneity.The incidence of fever,pain and induration in Zagreb regimen was significantly higher than that in Essen regimen(RR = 1.14,0.92 and 0.86,95% CI = 0.82 ～ 1.60,0.73 ～ 1.14 and 0.29 ～ 2.51;I2= 81%,65% and 92%,respectively,P<0.01).Conclusion Two regimens of PVRV vaccination after exposure showed good safety.However,when adopting Zagreb regimen,attention should be paid to the physical conditions of children and the elderly with relatively poor immunity to avoid adverse events.

BACKGROUNDThe CRF07_BC recombinant strain has been one of the most predominantly circulated HIV-1 strains in China, it is therefore necessary and urgent to develop a relevant animal model to evaluate candidate vaccines targeting HIV-1 CRF07_BC. A highly replication-competent simian/human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIV) construct containing the Chinese CRF07_BC HIV-1 env gene with the ability to infect Chinese rhesus monkeys would serve as an important tool in the development of HIV vaccines. The aim of this study was to examine whether SHIV XJDC6431 with the env fragment from a Chinese HIV-1 isolate virus could infect the human and monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), establish infection in Chinese rhesus macaque.

METHODSA SHIV strain was constructed by replacing the rev/env genes of SHIV KB9 with the corresponding fragment derived from the HIV-1 CRF07_BC strain. The infectious activity of the SHIV clones was determined in vitro in PBMCs from both non-human primate animals and humans. Finally, one Chinese rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) was infected with one SHIV via intravenous infusion.

RESULTSOne SHIV clone designated as SHIV XJDC6431, was generated that could infect macaque and human PBMC. The virus produced from this clone also efficiently infected the CCR5-expressing GHOST cell lines, indicating that it uses CCR5 as its coreceptor. Finally, the virus was intravenously inoculated into one Chinese rhesus macaque. Eventually, the animal became infected as shown by the occurrence of viremia within 3 of infection. The viral load reached 105 copies of viral RNA per ml of plasma during the acute phase of infection and lasted for 10 weeks post infection.

CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that SHIV XJDC6431 is an R5-tropic chimeric virus, which can establish infection not only in vitro but also in vivo in the Chinese rhesus macaque. Although the animal inoculated with SHIV XJDC6431 became infected without developing a pathologic phenotype, the virus efficiently replicated with a persistent level of viral load in the plasma. This suggested that the SHIV could be used as a tool to test candidate AIDS vaccines targeting the Chinese HIV-1 CRF_07BC recombinant strain.

Animals ; Chimera ; Genes, env ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Proviruses ; genetics ; Receptors, CCR5 ; physiology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ; genetics ; physiology

INTRODUCTIONThis study aimed to determine the early growth patterns of preterm infants who required prolonged hospitalisation in terms of body weight Z-score, and to explore the influencing factors and predictors of their growth.

METHODSThe criteria of enrolment included preterm birth, singleton pregnancy, hospitalisation within the first 24 hours of life, hospital stay ≥ 28 days and clinical follow-up beyond 91 days of corrected age. Body weight Z-scores and the incidence of underweight infants were reviewed periodically, and the influencing factors and possible predictors of growth analysed.

RESULTSBody weight Z-scores of all infants of gestational age (GA) groups kept decreasing, with a trough seen at 36 weeks corrected gestational age (CGA). At corrected full-term, body weight Z-scores for all birth weight groups achieved birth level and were higher than that at 36 weeks CGA. Body weight Z-scores at 61 days corrected age was (-0.300 × GA [weeks] + 0.210 × birth weight [g] + 0.682 × body weight Z-score) at 40 weeks CGA. The cut-off values for body weight Z-score at birth (cut-off, -1.79; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 91.3%) and 61 days corrected age (cut-off, -1.95; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 97.1%) were selected to predict the risk of being underweight at 183 days corrected age.

CONCLUSIONEarly growth restriction is a practical problem in preterm infants with prolonged hospitalisation. Body weight Z-scores at 40 weeks CGA and 61 days corrected age can be used to predict body weight gain prior to 183 days corrected age in these infants.

Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Growth Disorders ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; growth & development ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Length of Stay ; trends ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Singapore ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression of the matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and membrane-type 1 metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in lung of rats exposed to paraquat (PQ) and the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza monomer IH764-3 on above expression.

METHODSNinety adult healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the control group (group A, 6 rats), the exposure group (group B, 42 rats) and the group treated by Salvia miltiorrhiza monomer IH764-3 (group C, 42 rats). The group B and C were treated intragastrically with 1ml of PQ (50 mg/kg), and the group A was treated intragastrically with normal saline. The group C was treated intraperitoneally with 1 ml Salvia miltiorrhiza monomer IH764-3 at the dose of 40 mg/kg a day. The group A and B were treated intraperitoneally with 1 ml normal saline day. The expression of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP was detected on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th days after exposure for all groups.

RESULTSAs compared with the expression level (0.305 ± 0.045) of MMP-2 mRNA in group A, the expression levels of MMP-2 mRNA in Group B significantly increased, which were 0.654 ± 0.077, 0.623 ± 0.051, 0.637 ± 0.024, 0.533 ± 0.043 and 0.552 ± 0.050 on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st days after exposure, respectively (P < 0.01). As compared with group A, the the expression levels of MMP-2 mRNA on the 1st, 3rd, 7th days in Group C slightly increased, but the expression levels of MMP-2 mRNA on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st days in Group C were 0.523 ± 0.074, 0.567 ± 0.097, 0.514 ± 0.058, 0.359 ± 0.018 and 0.374 ± 0.020, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in group B (P < 0.01). As compared with the expression level (0.391 ± 0.058) of MT1-MMP mRNA in group A, the expression levels of MT1-MMP mRNA in Group B significantly increased, which were 0.796 ± 0.021, 0.762 ± 0.043, 0.590 ± 0.010, 0.803 ± 0.076 and 0.680 ± 0.034 on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st days after exposure, respectively (P < 0.01). As compared with group A, the expression levels of MT1-MMP mRNA in Group C significantly increased, which were 0.594 ± 0.010, 0.653 ± 0.044 and 0.564 ± 0.009 on the 1st, 3rd and 21st days after exposure, respectively (P < 0.01). The expression levels of MT1-MMP mRNA in Group C were significantly lower than those in group B (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe expression changes of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP genes of lungs in rats intragastrically exposed to PQ could result in the unbalance the synthesis and degradation of ECM, which may be a cause of lung fibrosis. The Salvia miltiorrhiza monomer IH764-3 could affect the expression of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP genes to a certain extent, resulting in the reduction of lung fibrosis.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Paraquat ; toxicity ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Salvia miltiorrhiza