Background 23G pars plana vitrectomy has been widely applied to treat diabetic retinopathy (OR).Researching the influence of 23G pars plana vitrectomy on corneal endothelium cell has a great clinical significance.Objective To observe the influence of 23G pars plana vitrectomy on corneal endothelial cells in phakic eyes of diabetes and non-diabetes patients.Methods A retrospective study was designed.One hundred and twenty-four eyes of 124 patients with vitreoretinopathy were included in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from August 2012 to June 2013.The patients were assigned to DR group (52 eyes) and non-DR group (72 eyes).23G pars plana vitrectomy was performed on all the patients under their informed consent.Endothelial cell density,corneal thickness(CT),coefficient of variation (CV) of cellular area,standard deviation (SD) of average cellular area and percentage of hexagonal endothelial cells were measured before and 1 day,3 days,1 week,2 week,1 month and 3 months after surgery with Topcon SP-3000P corneal specular microscope.Results No significant differences were found in the central corneal endothelial cell density between the DR group and non-DR group at various time points (Fgroup =2.148,P=0.150;Ftime =0.900,P=0.504).The CV of endothelial cells,SD of endothelial cellular area and CT in the first day after surgery were higher than preoperation (P =0.000,0.011,0.033),while the percentage of hexagonal endothelial cells was declined (P =0.001).The CV of endothelial cells and the percentage of hexagonal endothelial cells recovered in postoperative 1 month in the DR group.In the non-DR group,the CV of endothelial cells and CT elevated in postoperative 1 day in comparison with preoperation (P =0.002,0.003),and the percentage of hexagonal endothelial cells reduced (P =0.000).These abnormalities returned to a preoperative level in a week after surgery.Conclusions 23G pars plana vitrectomy results in a reversible morphology damage of corneal endothelial cells.These damage may be more severe with a longer duration in DR patients compared with non-DR patients.

The number of people needed to accept radiotherapy is increasing with the higher incidence of tumor,and the continuous development of radiation therapy technology has extended the longterm survival of patients.Avoiding the occurrence of radiation damage is particularly important.Since NF-κB plays an important role in gene transcription and regulation of radiation damage,this article introduced the structure,activation and function of NF-κB,reviewed the findings of NF-κB alterations in radiation injuries of brain and lung,and sketched the studies of NF-κB inhibitor.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of application of mesh plug tension-free repair of ingui-nal hernia in grass-roots hospital .Methods A total of 32 patients with inguinal hernia treated by benison-free ingui-nal herniorrhaphy with mesh plug and 28 patients treated with the traditional herniorrhaphy were retrospectively ana-lysed.Results The mean operation time and the postoperative hospital stay of group A were 56.94min and 5.25d, and those of group B were 69.61min and 5.96d,the mean operation time and the postoperative hospital stay of group A were significantly shorter than those of group B (t=-2.891、-3.284,all P<0.05).Patients needed postoperative analgesic therapy (10 cases) and patients suffered from urine retation ( 2 cases ) of group A were less than group B(χ2 =8.014,5.357,all P<0.05).There were 3 cases with postoperative scrotum hematoma in each group and they had no statistical difference for that(P>0.05).All cases received follow-up for 20-40 months,there were no recur-rence in group A during the follow-up period,but 2 cases recurrence in group B .Conclusion Mesh plug tension-free repair of inguinal hernia has the advantages of shorter operation time ,more rapid recovery ,less complications and low-er recurrence rate ,so it is suitable for popularization and application in grass-roots hospital .

Objective To analysis the rational use of human albumin in patients with hypoproteinemia in our hospital.Methods The drug evaluation criteria of human albumin were developed and the patients of different gen-dem,ages,departments,clinical diagnoses,human albumin species,administration,doses,course of treatment and pur-poses in our hospital were investigated.Results The using rate of human albumin in patients with hypoproteinemia was 53.1% in our hospital,20% human albumin accounted for the most(89cases),and the consumption of human albumin used in department of respiration was the most in our hospital (70cases).Diagnosis of 14 cases were not anastomosis with indications and 8 cases hadprolonged use and no indicative use and inappropriate medication. Conclusion The irrational use of human albumin are existed in our hospita1.We should develop the drug using standard of human albumin and strictly grasp the indications of drug use to avoid overuse of human albumin.

Cat scratch coIon( CSC ) is a new term for an endoscopicaIIy characteristic Iesion identified under coIonoscopy,which appears as bright red Iinear mucosaI tear commonIy seen in cecum and ascending coIon. The pathogenesis is considered to be the barotrauma of coIonic mucosa secondary to coIonoscopic insuffIation, and other mechanisms may aIso be impIicated in this process. CSC can be found in coIIagenous coIitis,diversion coIitis or in combination with other non-intestinaI diseases or conditions. With the recognition of CSC by cIinicians,reIated reports have increased. In this articIe,reIated Iiteratures were reviewed for a better understanding of this Iesion.

Objective To investigate the expressions of the CD13 in gastric cancer and the relationships between it and the patients' prognosis.Methods The expressions of CD13 were detected by immunohistochemical (SP method) in 104 cases of gastric cancer and 16 cases of normal gastric mucosa.Results The expressions of CD13 in 104 cases of gastric carcinoma and 16 cases of normal gastric mucosa show positive rate were 74％ (77/104) and 0％,respectively.The expressions of CD13 in gastric cancer were higher than in normal gastric mucosa and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).The expressions of CD13 in gastric cancer were not relative to patients' age,gender,and lymph node metastasis (P ＞ 0.05),but to be correlative with tumor sizes,clinical stage,degree of differentiation,and patients' 5-year survival rate (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The abnormal expression of CD13 in the gastric cancer may be correlative with the occurrence and development of gastric cancer,which can be an important indicator to evaluate the degree of malignance,guide treatment and assess uncertain prognosis of gastric cancer.

Objective:To study B cells proliferation and activation induced by tumor derived-autophagosomes ( TDA). Methods:Splenocytes of mice were incubated with 10μg/ml TDAs in vitro ( with the 10μg/ml whole cell lysate as the control).At the 3rd day,the expression of MHCⅠ,Ⅱand co-stimulate molecules including CD86,CD40 were detected by flow cytometry,and B cells proliferation was detected at the 5th day.B cells were selected from spleen of mice using anti-CD43 dynabeads,and incubated with 10μg/ml TDA in vitro ( with the same concentrated whole tumor cell lysate as the control).At the 7th day,IgM in the supernatant were tested by ELISA.Results:When compared with whole cell lysate stimulated B cells,TDA efficently stimulated B cells division in vitro ( TDA group:28.6%, Whole cell lysate group:4.4%) , and significantly up-regulated the expression of MHC class Ⅰ,Ⅱ and co-stimulatory molecules (CD86 and CD40) on B cells,and enhanced the levels of total IgM secretion in vitro.Conclusion:Tumor-derived autophagosomes ( TDA) ,as a vacuole antigen vector, could stimulate B cells proliferation, activation, and increased IgM secretion in vitro.

Extract of Ground Beetle was found to affect rat rheology. when given orally to rats for 10 consecutive days, it resulted in the lowering of packed corpuscular volume, high and low whole blood shear viscosity, RBC aggregation and rigidity indices and sedimentation rate,but the constant of SR equation was raised and without effect on Plasma viscosity and fibrinogen content. These results suggested that the effect of ground beetle extract is by way of its action on RBC

The incidence of thyroid dysfunction has increased year by year; the degree of public concern about thyroid disease also has been growing; the accuracy and comparability of results given by thyroid hormone assays from clinical laboratories face new challenges .This paper reviewed the clinical significance and measurements of thyroid hormones , also summarized the outcome of IFCC Working Group on Standardization of Thyroid Function Tests .It is expected to bring manufacturers′and clinical laboratories′attention to the importance of standardization/harmonization; and they could collaborate with each other .