As quantum dots( QDs),an advanced porduct of nanotechnology,have been widely used in bio-medicine due to their unique photoelectric properties. QD safety evaluation has become a hot area of research. So far,some researchers have expressed concern about the neurotoxic potential of QDs because the central nervous system was confirmed to be one of the target organs. Several studies found that QDs could enter the central nervous system by crossing the blood brain barrier and following neural pathways and produce some neurotoxic effects,such as damaging the structure and function of neural cells and impairing synaptic plasticity. The potential toxicity mechanisms could include oxidative stress,inflammation and change of ion channels.

Objective To study and analyze the efficacy and safety of caspofungin in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients complicated with pulmonary fungal infections.Methods 62 patients of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with pulmonary fungal infec-tions were randomly divided into study group and control group,31 cases in each group.Study group was intravenously given caspofungin,with an initial dose of 70mg/d,follow 50mg/d.The control group was intravenously given liposomal amphotericin B,dose control in 3mg? kg-1 ? d-1 .After treatment lasted symptoms 5d,clinical efficacy and side effects of two groups were recorded.Results The effective rate of the study group was 67.74%,which was signifi-cantly higher than 41.93% of the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 =2.0251, P =0.0429).The incidence rate of adverse reactions of the study group was 16.13%,which was significantly lower than 48.39% of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =2.6948,P =0.0070).After treatment, liver and kidney function parameters in the control group such as ALT,AST,BUN,Cr had significant differences com-pared with before treatment (P <0.05).Conclusion For chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients complicated with acute exacerbation of pulmonary fungal infection,the treatment efficacy and the incidence of adverse reactions of caspofungin therapy are significantly better than liposomal amphotericin B,and has small renal damage,which is wor-thy of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the attitude of medical students towards standardized resident training in Shanghai and to provide references for policy adjustment.Methods Self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the attitude of 267 clinical medical students towards standardized resident training in Shanghai.Reference reviewing and expert consultation were also performed.Results Nearly eighty percent of students believed that they had basic knowledge of the training.Two thirds of students hold objective attitude towards the policy.Conclusions Income and pressure in finding jobs are the main reasons why students object the policy.Standardized resident training program need to improve in aspects of advertisement,incoming,quality of teaching staff,connection between medical education and training.

Quantitative structure activity relationship ( QSAR ) study attempts to correlate chemical structure with activity using statistical approaches and is now being applied to high throughput toxicity screening and prediction of nanomaterials. This paper is interded to discuss the present QSAR study methods of nanomaterials based on traditional QSAR study, such as the use of measurement instrument and quantum chemistry methods of structure descriptor selection, evaluation criteria for the quality of published experimental data on nanomaterials, modeling methods such as K-nearest neighbor ( KNN) and support vector machine(SVM), validation methods such as leave-one-out(LOO) and leave-N-out ( LNO) . We also review the problems and challenges existing in this area and predict future development.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen ; biosynthesis ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; Nanostructures ; Silicon Dioxide ; pharmacology

Adult ; Endometriosis ; complications ; metabolism ; Endometrium ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; etiology ; metabolism ; Leptin ; metabolism

Objective To study inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) used to determine blood boron(B),and to investigate the level of B in blood of children in Nanjing.Methods ICP-AES was applied to determine the level of B in the blood of 1032 healthy children and 1364 children patients after using 1mol/L HNO_(3) to treat whole blood.Results Precision of this method was 1.60%-4.31%,and recovery ratio was 93.3%-98.9%.The level of B in blood of the 1032 healthy children was(41.8?16.7)?g/L and that in blood of the 1464 patients was(25.1-58.5)?g/L(77%).Conclusion Precision and recovery ratio determined by the method are high,so it can be used as a reference method to detect the level of B in blood.And it preliminarily determines the reference levels of blood B of children in Nanjing as ranging from 25.1-58.5?g/L(except children below 1 year old).

Objective: To investigate the rate of depression among Beijing residents aged 55 or above. Methods: 2660 Beijing residents aged 55 or above in a cohort study of year 2000 were followed and screened with CES-D. Demographic data, information of health status and activity of daily living were also collected. Results: The rate of depression in this cohort was 13.5% (360/2660), the rate of men was 9.6%, that of women was 17.4%, women had significantly higher rate than men. The rate of depression of residents in rural area was much higher than that of urban area (20.9% vs. 7.4%), the illiterate resident had higher rate of depression than those with at least primary education (20% vs. 8.7%). Residents above 75 or below that had no difference in rate of depression. Depression had close relation with poor health status and disability in activity of daily living. Conclusion:The rate of depression is higher in women and in residents of rural area or in those illiterate. Depression is closely related to poor health status and disability in daily living.

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is established based on the information of existing human or other animal anatomy, knowledge of physiology and biochemical data. The model uses mathematical methods to simulate chemicals′process of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in the body, in order to achieve the dose and interspecific extrapolation and to predict the chemical level in the specific organ at the specific time. In studies on toxicology of nanomaterials, the PBPK models in the silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles and polymer nanomaterials are gradually established. PBPK modeling can not only provide information on the dynamic change of nanomaterials in the body, but is of great significance for to quantitative evaluation of biological safety of nanomaterials. PBPK modeling will be a hot spot for research in the field of nanotoxicology.

Objective To analyze the immune state and discuss the effects of immunoregulation therapy of combined use of ulinastatin and thymosin ?1 in the treatment of posttraumatic sepsis. Methods Forty-eight patients with posttraumatic sepsis admitted to ICU during Oct. 2005 to Oct. 2007 were included and randomly divided into treatment group and control group (24 each). Patients in control group received conventional SSC treatment, while those in treatment group received conventional SSC treatment plus immunoregulation therapy with a combination of ulinastatin and thymosin ?1. Peripheral blood CD14+ monocyte HLA-DR expression was detected by flow cytometry to determine the innate immunity of posttraumatic septic patients on day 1, 5, 7 and 28 (or death), and serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were assessed by ELISA to evaluate the nonspecific immunity at day 1 and 28 (or death). APACHE Ⅱ scores were recorded on day 1, 5, 7 and 28 (or dearth). Ten healthy volunteers were enrolled as healthy controls. Results At admission the expression of CD14+ monocyte HLA-DR was lower than 30% in 9 posttraumatic septic patients. The expression levels of CD14+ monocyte HLA-DR in the patients in treatment group were much higher than those in control group (P0.05). Before treatment, no significant difference existed in APACHE Ⅱ scores between treatment group and control group, while this score in the patients in treatment group was much lower than that in control group on day 5, 7 and 28 (P0.05). Conclusions There is immunosuppression in some posttraumatic patients with somplication of sepsis. All these patients manifest exaggerated nonspecific immunity at the early stage, and then manifest immunodepression as sepsis progresses. The immunoregulation effects of a combination of ulinastatin and thymosin may facilitate the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory media, thus ameliorating septic symptoms. No improvement in 28 day mortality has been seen, probably due to limited number of patients in present study.