Child ; Chronic Disease ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; therapy ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Nutritional Support ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Objective: To establish human multidrug-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cell line(QGY7703/DDP) to analyze its different resistance and sensitivity. Methods: The human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line QGY7703 was continuously grown in the presence of cisplatin（DDP) for up to 6 months. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were serially monitored. Results: The chemosensitivities to 5-FU，DDP，adramycin (ADM) and mitomycin(MMC) were different between QGY7703 and QGY7703/DDP. The exhibitions were 1.533 fold to 5－FU，2.181 fold to DDP，7.08 fold to ADM, 9.461 fold to MMC in QGY7703/DDP. Conclusion: The drug resistance in cancer cell lines can be established by exposing to antitumor drugs in cell culture system.

The diagnostic criteria of lupus nephritis(LN) of children in China is the same as the foreign countries′.There is no consolidated therapy for LN.They treat LN patients with more kinds and dosage of drugs.The management of LN should be based on the clinical features,renal histology and the tolerance of the drugs of LN patients.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) influenced the activities of daily living (ADL) of COPD patients. The six-minute walking test is considered as a good marker of functional capacity to perform ADLs. However, it does not identify the activities roundly. A good ADL scale can be used to assess functional incapacity of ADL in patients with COPD, and present sensitivity to changes following pulmonary rehabilitation.

Exercise of walking which is regarded as a popular aerobic exercise,is receiving increasing attention in recent years,especially for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.But the guidelines and recommendations are based on low evidence levels,lack enough evidence-based support,and cannot provide individual exercise prescription for more specific populations and specific indications.Thus we put forward the concept of quantitative walking exercise,and hope further studies on relationship between walking exercise and chronic diseases so as to develop appropriate exercise prescriptions for prevention and rehabilitation of chronic diseases.

Objective To summarize the experience of microendoscopic discectomy (MED). Methods A retrospective analysis was made on causes and the management of complications following 115 cases of MED in this hospital from April 2001 to April 2003. Results A conversion to open surgery was required in 13 cases. There were 2 cases of endoscope displacement and 7 cases of dural abruption intraoperatively. Postoperative hematoma pressing on neighbouring nerves was seen in 2 cases but no nerve root injuries were found. All the patients were followed for 3～12 months (mean, 7 5 months). According to the Nakai scale, 70 cases were classified as “excellent”, 36 cases “good”, 7 cases “fair”, and 2 cases “poor”, the “good” or “excellent” rate being 92.2% ( 106/115 ). Conclusions Proper selection of patients, intraoperative localization by “C”-arm X-ray examination, removal of the ligamenta flava and the lamina, detachment of adhesions surrounding the nerve root to obtain a complete exposure, and thorough hemostasia are crucial to minimize the incidence of complications.

Following the aging of population in the whole world and prolongation of survival time of patients with chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, and etc, the incidence rate of chronic cardiac failure increased obviously, especially its high level lethality rate becomes a big challenge which the clinical cardiologists must face to. As one of important treating methods, rehabilitation therapy has been attracting attention more and more.

The prosthesis is forced by pneumatic artificial muscle, which can swing like human legs by inputting signals such as square waves and trigonal waves.Its swing performance is tested under such triggerings in order to find out a best motivating curve rendering the prosthesis performance almost the same as what human legs do. Compared with the normal human pace graph, the curve matches very well in the ascending edge but quite a discrepancy in the end of descending edge. According analyzing the reasons of the discrepancies, we could know how to ameliorate the design of the next generation of the bionic legs.

Knee joint is the largest and most complex joint of human body. Knee prosthesis, as the core component of lower limb, has a great expectation on simulated properties. Based on bionics, this study was designed to analyze kinematic characteristics of simulated knee joint, such as the sliding and rolling ratio of the knee as well as the instantaneous center curve, in order to further investigate an ideal simulated knee joint which was highly similar to normal knee joint. Movement regularity of human knee joint was simplified to introduce biomechanical model of knee joint so as to analyze and deduce formula of sliding ratio, rolling ratio, and instantaneous center curve. The calculation results were compared with parameters of human knee joint, suggesting a high coincidence between simulated and human knee joint. This provides an evidence for analyzing stability of motion and further studying structure and function of simulated knee joint, and this also provides basis for further research artificial simulated leg.