BACKGROUND: Psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety are relevant to pathogenesis and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.OBJECTIVE: It was designed to investigate the influence of improving depression and anxiety in diabetes on metabolism of blood glucose.DESIGN: It was a randomized controlled comparative study.SETTING: It was conducted at the Cousulting Center for Clinical Psychology and the Endocrinology Department of Southwest Hospital Affiliated Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA .PARTICIPANTS: Totally 43 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Endocrinology Department of Southwest Hospital Affiliated toThird Military Medical University of Chinese PLA were selected from October, 1999 to November 2000. All of them participated the investigation voluntarily, 24males and 19 females, with an age of 51±9 years old. They were randomly divided into 2 groups, 23 in experimental group and 20 in control group.METHODS: For experimental group, besides routine medications for diabetes, patients also Accepted anti-depression and anti-anxiety treatment, including paroxetine (20 mg, taking after breakfast everyday) and Alprazolam (0.4 mg, taking at noon, at evening and before sleep everyday). For control group, patients only Accepted routine medication for diabetes. Patients in the two groups were assessed before medication and after 4 weeks medication by Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). They were identified as depression and anxiety according to the Scales. Reduction rate of SDS/SAS score was used to assess the therapeutic effects: When the reduction rate was 50%-100%, the medication was significantly effective, when it was 25%-49% the treatment was effective, and when it was less than 25%, the treatment was noneffective.Reduction rate =(pre-treatment score-post-treatment score)/post-treatment score×100%. The fasting blood glucose level, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose level and the Glycosylated Hemoglobin (GHB, HbAl) were measured before treatment and after 4 weeks medication. Meanwhile, preprandial blood glucose level and 1-hour postprandial blood glucose level (6 times per day) were detected before treatment and at the 10th, 20th and 30th day during treatment. Reduction rate of blood glucose-(pre-treatment blood glucose level-post-treatment glucose level)/pre-treatment blood glucose level.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: These were main outcome measureglucose ①SDS/SAS scores, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose and GHB before treatment and after 4 weeks treatment were measured in two group, ② and reduction rate of blood glucose.RESULTS: Six cases were omitted, 5 was in experimental group for financial pressure, intolerance to side effects of paroxetine and fears of the addiction of psychotropic drugs; the other one was in control group due to drop-out. There were 37 patients finished the investigation, 18 in experimental group and 19 in control group.①Comparison of SDS score/SAS core: After 4 weeks medication, it was observed that the post-treatment scores were significantly lower than pre-treatment scores in experimental group compared to control group[(41.05±7.05,41.88±10.57); (59.80±10.24,55.03±8.31 ), (t=2.41, 2.21, P ＜ 0.05)].②Comparison of fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose and reduction rate of blood glucose: After 4 weeks medication, the fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group(t=2.11,2.98, P ＜ 0.05-0.01)and the reduction rate of fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose in experimental group were significantly greater than those in control group (t=2.94,2.93,P ＜ 0.01). ③Comparison of GHB:After 4 weeks medication,the posttreatment GHB level in experimental group were significantly lower than pre-treatment GHB level[(8.2±2.0)%,(9.1±1.9)%, (t=2.14, P ＜ 0.05)].CONCLUSION: Anti-depression and anti-anxiety drugs not only can alleviate depression and anxiety symptoms significantly, but also can improve blood glucose metabolism. This may be attributed to an effect of anti-depression and anti-anxiety drugs in increasing the compliance of the patients to the medication for diabetes and decreasing the insulin resistance induced by negative moods.

It is necessary that to investigate the relationship and interaction between medicine and philosophy,under which medical science can be comprehended in a deeper and wider degree by means of the value and inspiration provided of philosophy thinking.For this reson,the article analyzes several major historical stages of medical model of philosophical thinking by historical and logical approach in order to construct the medical philosophy.

Objective To investigate medical college students'attitude and cognition about innovativeness,and then to explore the possible factors that affect students'capability of innovation.Methods To design questionnaire to survey medical students in random sampling method.Results Medical students have more cognition towards education reform,and the method,structure and the cultural environment of talent training system play significant role in innovative talents training project.Conclusion It is needed to construct national medical model college according to the minority regions and the national characteristics for cultivating innovative talents correspondingly.

Objective To observe the hemodynamic parameters of retrobulbar vessels of eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) by using color Doppler imaging (CDI) technique.Methods Pertinent publications were retrieved from the PubMed of The National Library of Medicine,the ISI Web of Knowledge of The Institute for Scientific Information,and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.Case control studies involved POAG patients were included.Changes in retrobulbar blood flow parameters including peak systolic velocity (PSV),end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) of the ophthalmic artery (OA),central retinal artery (CRA) and short posterior ciliary artery (SPCA) were evaluated by CDI.The searching time was from the data base established up to April,2014.Meta analysis was used on the included articles,the mean difference (MD) along with 95 ％ confidence interval (95 ％ CI) of the blood flow parameters were calculated.Results Twenty-four articles were retrieved,including 1336 eyes as cases,1102 eyes as controls.PSV of POAG eyes was statistically signiflcantly lower than controls in theOA (MD=-3.05,95％CI:-4.49--1.61,P＜0.001),CRA (MD=-1.66,95％CI:-1.95--1.38,P＜0.001),SPCA (MD=-0.87,95％ CI:-1.49--0.26,P=0.005).EDV of POAG eyes was statistically significantly reduced than controls in the OA (MD=-1.78,95％CI:-2.14--1.41,P＜0.001),CRA (MD=-0.95,95％CI:-1.17--0.74,P＜0.001),SPCA (MD=-0.53,95％CI:--0.71--0.36,P＜0.001).Statistically significant increases in RI of POAG eyes than controls in the OA (MD=0.04,95％CI:0.03-0.05,P＜0.001),CRA (MD=0.06,95％CI:0.05-0.07,P＜0.001),SPCA (MD=0.04,95％CI:0.03-0.06,P＜0.001).Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that significant decreased velocity and increased resistance of retrobulbar blood flow are found in POAG eyes.

Objective To investigate the pharmacoepidemiologic features of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS) and improve the recognition of its particularity.Methods The clinical data of 28 patients with DHS were retrospectively analyzed and summarized.Results Of 28 DHS patients,the suspected drugs were allopurinol in 17 cases,anti-epileptic drugs in 4 cases,antiuberculotic drugs in 3 cases and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 4 cases.The earliest symptoms of DHS were skin rash (89.3 ％) and fever(85.7 ％),secondly liver function damaged(75.0％),which may be accompanied by mucosa,eye,genital damage (53.6％),eosinophilia (32.1％),renal impairment (17.9％),even multiple organ failure and death.Conclusion DHS should be on the alert when rash,repeated fever and visceral lesion occurred in a patient,without good therapeutic efficacy through ordinary anti-anaphylaxis and anti-infective therapy,as well as with the above medication history.

This article summarized the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine treatment for lung cancer in recent years. Related literatures were from the immune regulation, inhibiting growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells and promoting apoptosis and reversing drug resistance. Review showed that traditional Chinese integrated with western medicine for lung cancer has gradually become the consensus of clinical practioners.

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infec?tion among women through health screenings in Tianjin urban area. Methods A total of 2 000 women from Tianjin urban area were recruited for this study, and potential risk factors were investigated by questionnaire as well as by collecting cervi?cal exfoliated cells from the participants. HPV type was examined using polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing tech?nology, then the risk factors of HPV16 infection were examined by chi square test and the multiple factor logistic regression analysis. Results Among those 2 000 women who received health screenings, a total of 271 cases were HPV positive (13.55%). HPV16 accounts for the most common human papillomavirus types (39.5%, 107/271) while HPV58 account for 15.13%(41/271)and HPV18 account for 9.59% (26/271). Factors related to HPV16 infection were investigated include smoking history, initial age of sex (>25 years old or not) , number of pregnancies (≥2 or not), number of sexual partners (≥2 or not) and contraception measures (condom or other ways) with χ2=6.268,8.540,4.951,7.123,6.053,5.019, respectively. (P < 0.05). Age, alcohol intake, education level and previous gynecologial examination did not differ significantly among HPV16 positive patients compared to those with negative HPV. Multiple factor Logistic regression model analysis showed that the independent factors were smoking history and initial age for sex(≤25 years old)(P<0.05). Conclusion HPV16 is the most common type of cervical infection among women in Tianjin urban area. Changing inappropriate sexual behavior and smoking cessation are effective measures to prevent HPV16 infection and reduce incidence of cervical cancer.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of Astragalus & Angelica (A&A) , the mixture of Chinese herbs, on different vasoconstrictors and vasodilators in the process of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into Sham,UUO and UAA (UUO+A&A) groups. After administration of A&A (14 g?kg-1?d-1) for 0, 3, 7 and 10 days, the levels of Ang-II , ET-1, nitric oxide(NO) and the activities of different NOS in renal homogenate were measured by RIA or enzyme method. The expression levels of eNOS, nNOS, iNOS were detected in the kidney by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitively assessed by Western blot. Results After A&A administration, the levels of Ang- II and ET-1 were increased in UUO at all time points (P

Aim The mixture of Chinese herbs,Astragalus & Angelica(A&A) has been found that has antifibrotic effect in rats.Methods To elucidate themechanisms underlying the renoprotective effects of A&A in the process of renal interstitial fibrosis,we investigated the pathology changes of kidneys in unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) rats.In the study,Wistar rats were randomly divided into CON,Sham,UUO and UUA(UUO+A&A) groups.After administration of A&A(12 g?kg?d~(-1)) for 0,3,7 and 10 d,renal damage including interstitial cell infiltration,tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis were quantified on HE and Masson stained tissue sections.The expression of ?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA),transforming growth factor-?_1(TGF-?_1) and fibronectin(FN) was measured using computer image analysis of immunohistochemistry staining sections,ELISA and Western Blot.Results Renal damage and the expression of ?-SMA,TGF-?_1 and FN were all significantly exacerbated in UUO group compared with those of Sham group(P

Objective:To extract the mung bean trypsin inhibitor(MBTI) from mung bean and to study the inhibitory activity of MBTI against proprotein convertases(PCs).Methods: MBTI was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, sequential chromatography of gel filtration,ion exchange,affinity chromatography and HPLC.The high expression strains of 2 PCs,Kexin and Furin,were selected.Kexin and Furin were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration.The inhibitory activity of MBTI against Kexin and Furin was assayed and the inhibitory constants(Ki) of MBTI against the 2 PCs were calculated by Dixon's plot.Results:The purified MBTI showed a single peak on HPLC and a single band on SDS-PAGE.The inhibitory activity of MBTI against Kexin(Ki= 3.9?10~(-9)mol/L) was stronger than that against Furin.Conclusion: MBTI can inhibit both Kexin and Furin,especially Kexin,and also can be an ideal inhibitor against PCs after further modification.