Objective To investigate the correlation between serum levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 and depression. Methods Thirty patients with depression were selected into depression group whose Hamilton de- pression scale score exceeded 17 and/or Hamilton anxiety scale score exceeded 14. Meanwhile, 30 subjects with- out clinically significant depression were selected into control group. Their serum levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 were determined. Zung Self-rating Depression Scale and Self-rating Anxiety Scale were used to evaluate the depression and anxiety. Results The serum levels of folic acid [ (4. 06±1. 61) vs. (6. 48±2. 36) ng/ml, P < 0. 05 ] and vitamin Bl 2 [ (427.96 126. 20) t . (498.46±119.08) pg/ml, P < 0. 05 ] were significantly lower in depression group than those in control group. No correlation was found between Hamilton depression score and serum folic acid level or vitamin B12 leveL Conclusion Patients with depression have lower serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels than those of the healthy people.

Congenital heart disease(CHD) is one of the most common birth defects,which is caused by either hereditary or environmental factors,and more commonly by the combination of both.Although CHD is known to be a polygenetic disease,its molecular pathogenesis is still poorly understood.Many genes including the transcription factors have recently been identified to be involved in the development of heart as well as in the pathogenesis of CHD.At the molecular level,this paper reviews the roles of the transcription factors of GATA4/5/6,Nkx2.5,Nkx2.7,TBX1,TBX5,and TBX20,and the interactions among them in the abnormal development of the heart.

Food allergy is the earliest and most common allergic disease in infants that affects children' s growth and development.It is closely related to other allergic diseases with a great increase in prevalence.It is important to learn the mechanisms and related factors,investigate the prevention and treatment,and explore the influence to other allergic diseases with food allergy in infants.

ObjectiveTo observe the influence of mini-invasive evacuation of hematoma for myelin basic protein (MBP) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods Eighty patients with cerebral hemorrhage were divided into group A and group B by random digits table method with 40 cases each.The patients in group A were given conservation treatment.The patients in group B were given mini-invasive evacuation of hematoma treatment.At the same time 30 cases of healthy people randomly were selected as control group.The serum MBP and NSE were determined before treatment,after treatment 1,3,7,14 d in group A and group B.ResultsThe effective rate in group B was 92.5％ (37/40),which was higher than that in group A [80.0％(32/40)],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05 ).The serum NSE before treatment in group A and group B was higher than that in control group [ (12.8 ± 2.9),( 13.1 ± 2.8 ) μg/L vs.( 5.3 ± 2.4) μg/L],there was significant difference(P ＜ 0.05 ).The serum NSE after treatment in group B was obviously decreased compared with group A.The serum MBP after treatment 1 d was increased,7 d was decreased,that in group B was obviously decreased compared with group A [ (5.4 ± 1.5) μ g/L vs. (6.9 ± 1.3) μ g/L,P ＜ 0.05 ].ConclusionThe method of mini-invasive evacuation of hematoma in treatment of cerebral hemorrhage patients has good effect,and can decrease the serum MBP and NSE.

Mutations in CD2AP, mapped to 6pL2. 3 and encoding CD2 - associated protein ( CD2AP), are responsible for autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant steroid - resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). CD2AP plays a key role in the slitdiaphragm network of the kidney, which is necessary for the structure and ultrafiltration functions of the slitdiaphragm. The CD2AP homozygous mutation results in early - onset SRNS while heterozygous expression of the CD2AP mutation has increased susceptibility to glomerular injury.No recurrence of proteinuria was observed in the patient with SRNS with CD2AP homozygousmutationafter the renal transplantation. Therefore, detection of the CD2AP gene in the patients suffering from SRNS will be beneficial to making therapeutic decisions and predicting prognoses.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between hypoxia induced by cobalt chloride( CoCl2 ) and inflammation in 3T3-LI adipocytes, and the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were induced under standard differentiation process. Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with CoCl2 to induce hypoxia. The mRNA and protein expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1 α ( HIF-1 α ), glucose transporter 1 ( Glut1 ), adipocytokines, and inflammatory cytokines, as well as the related signaling pathways were determined with quantitative realtime-PCR and Western-blot in this cell model. ResultsCoCl2 at the concentration of 200 μmol/L significantly up-regulated HIF-1 α and Glut1 expressions. After adipocytes were treated with CoCl2, the mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker genes, such as C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein78 (GRP78) were markedly increased, adiponectin mRNA expression was significantly decreased, while resistin and leptin mRNA expressions were significantly increased.In addition, the mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase 2, interleukin-6, and other inflammatory factors were also increased. The phosphorylation of IκBα,which could inhibit the activation of NF-κB, was stimulated by CoCl2.ConclusionsThe results indicate that hypoxia may induce inflammatory response via NF-κB activiation in adipocytes.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of tacalcitol ointment combined with desonide cream in the treatment of plaque vulgaris psoriasis. Methods Sixty-six patients with plaque vulgaris psoriasis were assigned into combination treatment group and desonide sole treatment group by random digits table with 33 cases each. In combination treatment group, desonide cream was applied 1 time per day in the morning and tacalcitol ointment was applied 1 time per day at night. In desonide sole treatment group, desonide cream was applied twice one day. The therapy for two groups continued for 8 weeks. Results The total effective rate in combination treatment group was 78.79%( 26/33 ), and it was lower than that in desonide sole treatment group [84.85%(28/33)],but there was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). The recurrence rate was 25.00% (7/28) in desonide sole treatment group and 11.54% (3/26) in combination treatmentgroup,there was no statistical difference between two groups (P >0.05). There was no serious side effect during observation. Conclusions Tacalcitol ointment combined with desonide cream has no more effective for plaque vulgaris psoriasis than that of desonide cream alone. The combined use of these two drugs could reduce the dosage of steroid and side effect.

Objective To explore the efficacy, operation timing and techniques of surgical treatment in patients with the anterior communicating aneurysms. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the surgical procedures and effectiveness of 158 patients with anterior communicating aneurysms. Ten of the 158 cases were combined with aneurysms in other branches. All patients had experienced SAH (5 cases were not relevant to anterior communicating aneurysm) and received incarceration of aneurysms through the orbit-pterion approach. Preoperative Hunt-Hess grade;the number of patients with grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ were 24,45,54,31 and 4,respectively. Fourty-four cases received surgery within 3 days after SAH,74 cases within 4 to 14 days,and 40 cases after 14 days. Results According to GOS grade; 138 cases (87. 34% ) recovered with good outcome,9 cases (5.69%) with moderate disability, 6 cases (3.80%) with severe disability, and 5 death (3. 16%, including cases giving up treatment). Among the 138 patients having good outcomes,24 were grade Ⅰ ,42 grade Ⅱ ,47 grade Ⅲ and 25 grade Ⅳ. Thirty-nine cases underwent surgery within 3 days,64 within 3 to 14 days,and 35 after 14 days. Conclusion The surgical timing of anterior communicating aneurysms should be decided according to comprehensive analysis of CT, DSA, and detailed neurologic examination of the patients. Orbit pterion approach is favorable for exposing aneurysms. A series of actions,such as reducing intracranial pressure, cerebral protection and 3H therapy,will help to improve the prognosis of the patients .

BACKGROUND: Clozapine is a common antipsychotic drug for treating psychotic patients. Some reports suggest that it can cause chromosomal aberration of human cells. This study was designed to analyze the effect on mutagenesis of human generative cells and genetics toxicity of generative cells.OBJECTIVE: To research the effect of clozapine on human sperm chromosome with testing system ex vivo.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation on the basis of human sperm chromosome.SETTING: Center of Psychological health, the First Hospital affiliated to Chongqing Medical University.MATERIALS: Human sperm was selected from healthy adult males who were not received mutagenesis factors within half a year. Clozapine was provided by the Ninth Pharmaceutical Factory of Shanghai. Ovum was selected from female golden shrewmouse aged 6-8 weeks. Ovum was fertilized and washed with BWW culture medium containing 0.3% or 3.5% human serum albumin. After fertilization, ovum was cultured with ovi-culture medium containing 10% serum of shrewmouse.METHODS: At three days before experiment, shrewmouse was muscularly injected with 40 unit/ampoule preganat mares esrum gonadotrophin, and then with 30 unit/ampoule human chorionic gonadotrophin. Semen was maintained in aseptic beaker and made 5 mL sperm suspension after washing, centrifugation and capacitation. The suspension was equally put into 5centrifuged tubes. 40 mg/L bleomycin A5 was added into one tube to regard as positive control, one tube was regarded as negative control without adding any reagent, and other tubes were added with clozapine at the concentrations of 200, 400 and 800 μg/L, respectively. Ovarium mound cells and pellucid zone in ovum were wiped out with 0. 1% alidase and pancreatin, and then, equally transplanted into a blank gutta in five culture medium. Sperm chromosome was established with stepped fixed air technique.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sperm rate and broken amount of chromosomal structural aberration.RESULTS: When concentration of clozapine was at 200, 400 and 800 μg/L,respectively, sperm rate and broken amount of chromosomal structural aberration were not significantly different from those in blank control group, and there was also no significant difference among three concentration groups. However, there was significant difference between 40 mg/L bleomycin A5 group and negative control group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Clozapine cannot damage human sperm chromosome through detecting the effect of mutagen on breakage of chromosome with testing system ex vivo, but it has other genetics toxic mechanisms on human sperm chromosome.

BACKGROUND: Heroin, which is characterized by strong liposolubility and immediate effect, can rapidly enter central nervous system through blood brain barrier; however, mechanism of its dependence is still unclear up to now. Therefore, it becomes a hot topic to investigate mechanism of molecular biology of drug dependence, especially to research changes of gene expression.OBJECTIVE: To find out the expression of specific gene related to heroin dependence so as to elucidate the mechanism of molecular biology of heroin dependence.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation on the basis of experimental animals.SETTING: Center of Psychohygiene, the First Hospital affiliated to Chongqing Medical University.MATERIALS: Eight C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 4 in each group. Drug and equipments: heroin, Tripure separating agent, PolyATtract mRNA separating system Ⅲ, etc.METHODS: Heroin-dependent models in mice were established by dose-increasing hypodermical injection of heroin for 7 days. On the 7th day,80 mg/kg heroin was injected once, and 2 hours later, 5 mg/kg naloxone was injected'. Mice in control group were injected with the same volume of saline and the same dosage of naloxone. Then, mice were put in glass cage to observe jumping times and numbers of animals which had ptosis, diarrhea, wet-dog movement and trembling of anterior claws within 15 minutes.Mice were immediately sacrificed and total RNA and mRNA were extracted from the brains in experimental and control groups with Trripure separating kit, and then, suppressive subtractive hybridization was proceeded.The hybridization sample was amplified by PCR and analyzed with gel electrophoresis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quantity of total RNA and mRNA in brain tissue and different expression of cDNA sections in brain.RESULTS: Mice in each group were involved in the final analysis. ①Results of abstinent symptom after injection of naloxone: Abstinent symptom was observed on mice in experimental group. Jumping times within 15 minutes were 9.75±1.65, which was significant difference from those in control group (P ＜ 0.01). ② Comparison of total RNA and mRNA in brain tissue and different expression of cDNA sections in brain: Quantities of total RNA and mRNA were higher in experimental group than those in control group, and difference of mRNA was significant (P ＜ 0.05). After the second suppressive subtractive hybridization, mixture was amplified with PCR and nest-like PCR to differently express cDNA sections.CONCLUSION: Withdrawal of heroin dependence may cause changes of gene expression, and there is probably an expression of the specific gene in the brain of heroin-dependent mice.