Bronchoscopy ; Humans ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery

Adolescent ; Adult ; Barotrauma ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; etiology ; therapy ; Sinusitis ; etiology ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of prednisone and zinc preparation combined with 2％ minoxidil in the androgenetic alopecia. Methods Ninety-eight patients with the androgenetic alopecia were randomly divided into two groups, each group was 49 patients. The treatment group received prednisone and zinc preparation oral solution combined with 2％ minoxidil, the control group received only prednisone and zinc preparation oral solution. The each course of treatment was 3 months, the effect was observed after 1-4 courses of treatment. Results The curative rate of the treatment group and control group were 10.2％( 5/49 ) ,36.7％ (18/49) and 6.1％ (3/49) ,22.4％ (11/49) respectively in 3 and 6 months after treatment, there were no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ). The curative rate of the treatment group and control group were 77.6％ (38/49), 91.8％ (45/49) and 42.9％ (21/49 ), 59.2％(29/49) respectively in 9 and 12 months after treatment, there were significant difference between two groups (P＜ 0.05). Conclusion On treating the androgenetic alopecia, prednisone and zinc preparation combined with minoxidilis effective and safe.

BACKGROUND: If the generative cell DNA of each grade is damaged or mutated, it is possible to transmit to the further generations by means of fertilized ova. As a traditional antiepileptic, the mutagenic effects of phenytoin sodium on so matic cells had been confirmed by many researches, but it is still unknown whether phenytoin sodium has the mutagenic effects on generative cells. OBJECTIVE: To detect the mutagenic effects of phenytoin sodium on human sperm chromosomes. DESIGN: In present study we measured human sperm chromosomes in vitro by means of randomized control observa tion. SETTING: Mental Health Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences. MATERIALS: Phenytoin sodium was purchased from Sigma Company. The human sperms were collected from the healthy males who had not contacted with any physicochemical mutagen within recent 6 months. Ova were collected from female golden hamsters of 6-8 weeks, which were purchased from Shanghai Institute of Family Planning Science. Medium for washing sperms and ova was the BWW solution containing 0.3% human serum albumin (HSA); Medium for capacitation was the BWW solution containing 3.5% HSA; Medium for post-fertilization was an oval one containing 10% hamster serum. METHODS: After washing, centrifugation and capacitation, the sperms were made into suspension and dispended into 5 centrifuge tubes (5 mL each): Bleomycin A5 (40 mg/L) was added in the first tube as positive control group, phenytoin sodium (10, 20 and 40 mg/L) were added in three tubes respectively, another tube did not contain any reagent as blank control. Hamster ova without pellucid zone were prepared, and equally divided into five portions, which were mixed with the above-mentioned sperms in the five groups respectively, so as to make the hamster ova fertilize, finally human sperm chromosomes were prepared with the fertilized hamster ova. The rate of chromosomal structural aberration (rate of aberrant sperm) and number of chromosomal breakages were examined. We examined the rate of chromosomal structural aberration (rate of aberrant sperm) and number of chromosomal breakages. The effects of phenytoin sodium of three different concentrations on human sperm chromosomes were detected in vitro, and the results were compared with those in the positive control group and blank control groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The structural aberration of sperm chromosomes, rate of aberrant sperm and number of chromosomal breakages were observed. RESULTS: ① Chromosomal structural aberration: The structural aberrations of sperm chromosomes including the chro mosomal breakage, monome breakage, fragments, crossing-over aberration, double centromere and ring-like chromo somes were observed in the phenytoin sodium groups, positive control group and blank control group, especially in the phenytoin sodium 40 mg/L group and positive control group. ② Rate of aberrant sperms and number of chromosomal breakages: The rate of aberrant sperms and number of chromosomal breakages were higher in the phenytoin sodium groups and positive control group than in the blank control group, but there was the significant differences between phenytoin sodium 40 mg/L group and positive control group (P ＜ 0.005, P ＜ 0.05-0.01). CONCLUSION: Phenytoin sodium has obvious influence on the structural aberration of human sperm chromosomes and may have mutagenic potential to human sperm cells.

BACKGROUND: Clozapine is a common antipsychotic drug for treating psychotic patients. Some reports suggest that it can cause chromosomal aberration of human cells. This study was designed to analyze the effect on mutagenesis of human generative cells and genetics toxicity of generative cells.OBJECTIVE: To research the effect of clozapine on human sperm chromosome with testing system ex vivo.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation on the basis of human sperm chromosome.SETTING: Center of Psychological health, the First Hospital affiliated to Chongqing Medical University.MATERIALS: Human sperm was selected from healthy adult males who were not received mutagenesis factors within half a year. Clozapine was provided by the Ninth Pharmaceutical Factory of Shanghai. Ovum was selected from female golden shrewmouse aged 6-8 weeks. Ovum was fertilized and washed with BWW culture medium containing 0.3% or 3.5% human serum albumin. After fertilization, ovum was cultured with ovi-culture medium containing 10% serum of shrewmouse.METHODS: At three days before experiment, shrewmouse was muscularly injected with 40 unit/ampoule preganat mares esrum gonadotrophin, and then with 30 unit/ampoule human chorionic gonadotrophin. Semen was maintained in aseptic beaker and made 5 mL sperm suspension after washing, centrifugation and capacitation. The suspension was equally put into 5centrifuged tubes. 40 mg/L bleomycin A5 was added into one tube to regard as positive control, one tube was regarded as negative control without adding any reagent, and other tubes were added with clozapine at the concentrations of 200, 400 and 800 μg/L, respectively. Ovarium mound cells and pellucid zone in ovum were wiped out with 0. 1% alidase and pancreatin, and then, equally transplanted into a blank gutta in five culture medium. Sperm chromosome was established with stepped fixed air technique.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sperm rate and broken amount of chromosomal structural aberration.RESULTS: When concentration of clozapine was at 200, 400 and 800 μg/L,respectively, sperm rate and broken amount of chromosomal structural aberration were not significantly different from those in blank control group, and there was also no significant difference among three concentration groups. However, there was significant difference between 40 mg/L bleomycin A5 group and negative control group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Clozapine cannot damage human sperm chromosome through detecting the effect of mutagen on breakage of chromosome with testing system ex vivo, but it has other genetics toxic mechanisms on human sperm chromosome.

BACKGROUND: Heroin, which is characterized by strong liposolubility and immediate effect, can rapidly enter central nervous system through blood brain barrier; however, mechanism of its dependence is still unclear up to now. Therefore, it becomes a hot topic to investigate mechanism of molecular biology of drug dependence, especially to research changes of gene expression.OBJECTIVE: To find out the expression of specific gene related to heroin dependence so as to elucidate the mechanism of molecular biology of heroin dependence.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation on the basis of experimental animals.SETTING: Center of Psychohygiene, the First Hospital affiliated to Chongqing Medical University.MATERIALS: Eight C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 4 in each group. Drug and equipments: heroin, Tripure separating agent, PolyATtract mRNA separating system Ⅲ, etc.METHODS: Heroin-dependent models in mice were established by dose-increasing hypodermical injection of heroin for 7 days. On the 7th day,80 mg/kg heroin was injected once, and 2 hours later, 5 mg/kg naloxone was injected'. Mice in control group were injected with the same volume of saline and the same dosage of naloxone. Then, mice were put in glass cage to observe jumping times and numbers of animals which had ptosis, diarrhea, wet-dog movement and trembling of anterior claws within 15 minutes.Mice were immediately sacrificed and total RNA and mRNA were extracted from the brains in experimental and control groups with Trripure separating kit, and then, suppressive subtractive hybridization was proceeded.The hybridization sample was amplified by PCR and analyzed with gel electrophoresis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quantity of total RNA and mRNA in brain tissue and different expression of cDNA sections in brain.RESULTS: Mice in each group were involved in the final analysis. ①Results of abstinent symptom after injection of naloxone: Abstinent symptom was observed on mice in experimental group. Jumping times within 15 minutes were 9.75±1.65, which was significant difference from those in control group (P ＜ 0.01). ② Comparison of total RNA and mRNA in brain tissue and different expression of cDNA sections in brain: Quantities of total RNA and mRNA were higher in experimental group than those in control group, and difference of mRNA was significant (P ＜ 0.05). After the second suppressive subtractive hybridization, mixture was amplified with PCR and nest-like PCR to differently express cDNA sections.CONCLUSION: Withdrawal of heroin dependence may cause changes of gene expression, and there is probably an expression of the specific gene in the brain of heroin-dependent mice.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of tacalcitol ointment combined with desonide cream in the treatment of plaque vulgaris psoriasis. Methods Sixty-six patients with plaque vulgaris psoriasis were assigned into combination treatment group and desonide sole treatment group by random digits table with 33 cases each. In combination treatment group, desonide cream was applied 1 time per day in the morning and tacalcitol ointment was applied 1 time per day at night. In desonide sole treatment group, desonide cream was applied twice one day. The therapy for two groups continued for 8 weeks. Results The total effective rate in combination treatment group was 78.79%( 26/33 ), and it was lower than that in desonide sole treatment group [84.85%(28/33)],but there was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). The recurrence rate was 25.00% (7/28) in desonide sole treatment group and 11.54% (3/26) in combination treatmentgroup,there was no statistical difference between two groups (P >0.05). There was no serious side effect during observation. Conclusions Tacalcitol ointment combined with desonide cream has no more effective for plaque vulgaris psoriasis than that of desonide cream alone. The combined use of these two drugs could reduce the dosage of steroid and side effect.

Objective To explore the efficacy, operation timing and techniques of surgical treatment in patients with the anterior communicating aneurysms. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the surgical procedures and effectiveness of 158 patients with anterior communicating aneurysms. Ten of the 158 cases were combined with aneurysms in other branches. All patients had experienced SAH (5 cases were not relevant to anterior communicating aneurysm) and received incarceration of aneurysms through the orbit-pterion approach. Preoperative Hunt-Hess grade;the number of patients with grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ were 24,45,54,31 and 4,respectively. Fourty-four cases received surgery within 3 days after SAH,74 cases within 4 to 14 days,and 40 cases after 14 days. Results According to GOS grade; 138 cases (87. 34% ) recovered with good outcome,9 cases (5.69%) with moderate disability, 6 cases (3.80%) with severe disability, and 5 death (3. 16%, including cases giving up treatment). Among the 138 patients having good outcomes,24 were grade Ⅰ ,42 grade Ⅱ ,47 grade Ⅲ and 25 grade Ⅳ. Thirty-nine cases underwent surgery within 3 days,64 within 3 to 14 days,and 35 after 14 days. Conclusion The surgical timing of anterior communicating aneurysms should be decided according to comprehensive analysis of CT, DSA, and detailed neurologic examination of the patients. Orbit pterion approach is favorable for exposing aneurysms. A series of actions,such as reducing intracranial pressure, cerebral protection and 3H therapy,will help to improve the prognosis of the patients .

Objective To explore which scoring methods can prevent the ischemic stroke better.Methods 80 padents with atrial fibrillation were randomly divided into two groups,the patients in A group took anticoagulant therapy using CHADS2 score;the patients in B group took anticoagulant therapy using CHADS2-VAS score;follow-up the ischemic stnoke,death and major bleeding event rate.Results 7 cases of ischemic stroke in A group,1 case in B group,the difference was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion According to CHA2DS2-VAS score for risk stratification,anticoagulant therapy was safe and effective,and did not increase bleeding event rate.

Objective To evaluete the effect of atorvastatin on reducing blood lipid in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods 150 cases of coronary heart disease patients collected in Liaocheng Third People’s Hospital of Shandong province from January 2013 to January 2014 were randomly divided into A,B two groups,each had is cases.Group A were treated with simvastatin,and group B were treated with atorvastatin.Blood lipid changes in two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results Compared with before treatment,the clinical sypotoms after treatment in two groups were allivate and TC,LDL-C indexes were significantly decreased (P <0.05 ).But there was no statistical significance between A and B groups. Conclusion Simvastatin and atorvastatin can effectively improve the blood lipid status in patients with coronary heart disease.