Herba Cistanche includes a variety of chemical constituents, such as phenylethanoid glycosides, iridoid glycosides and so on. Its effective constituents can inhibit the neuronal apoptosis, reduce ischemic brain injury, treat Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, vascular dementia, and improve the function of learning and memory. Its effective constituents play an important role in nervous system, which has received more and more attention of scholars both at home and abroad. This article reviewed the effects of effective constituents in Herba Cistanche on nervous system.

The main active ingredients of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are water-soluble ingredients and fat-soluble components. Its active ingredients can inhibit the neuronal apoptosis, improve cerebral ischemia, reduce cerebral infarction, and treat Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, etc. Its active ingredients play an important role in nervous system, which has attracted more and more attention of scholars both at home and abroad. This article reviewed the roles of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and its active ingredients in nervous system, which can provide references for relevant research.

Ischemic stroke is one of the main diseases which harm the health of the elderly. To promote angiogenesis is of great significance for treating ischemic stroke. In recent years, treatment by TCM based on therapeutic angiogenesis intervention for ischemic stroke has achieved great development. Pharmacological and clinical studies have shown that TCM can promote angiogenesis, thereby improving cerebral ischemia and neurological function. This article reviewed the current situation in this field and provided references for clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.

Humans ; Suicide ; Forensic Pathology

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with cholesterol crystal embolism (CCE) after percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods Six patients with atherosclerosis presenting with simultaneous occurrence of acute renal failure and peripheral ischemic changes were diagnosed as cholesterol crystal embolism and their clinical data were analyzed. Results The patients, 5 men and 1 woman, had an average age of 72 years. Most of them had risk factors of atherosclerosis such as hypertension, diabetes and smoking. The levels of serum creatinine increased progressively after coronary angiography. All patients had concomitant skin lesions, including blue toes. Cutaneous biopsy of 1 patient found cholesterol emboli in arterioles. All patients received statins, and 2 received dialysis. Three patients died, and 3 patients remained chronic renal failure. Conclusion Since the morbidity of CCE is growing and the disease is iatrogenic in origin, special attention should be paid to this disease.

Objective To determine whether the raised serum uric acid(UA) level is the tindependent risk factor Hypertension.Methods A retrospective study was performed including 128 Hypertension patients(male 99,female 29) with average age of(64.49?11.03) and 87 norma Hypertension patients(male 53,female 34) with average age of(61.25?10.98) .A fasting blood samp les were collected for measurement of serum UA,blood cholesterol,and so on. And all patients were carefully inquired for their history including smoking、forcoronary artery disease and DM.Results Althoughraised serum UA was observed in Hypertension patients(496.31?42.33) mmol/L vs(356.08?50.68) mmol/L(P

Activated leukocyte cell adhesion(ALCAM),also known as CD166/MEMD,is a transmembrane glycoprotein,which belongs to one of the members of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is one of cell adhesion molecules.In vivo,ALCAM is divided into three subtypes including membrane ALCAM,cytoplasmic ALCAM and soluble ALCAM,which mediate a variety of pathophysiological processes involved in the body by regulating cell-to-cell tropism or heterophonic adhesion.The abnormal expression of ALCAM is closely related to the invasion and metastasis of various tumor cells,and has a certain effect on the sensitivity of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.The article reviews the latest advances in ALCAM of gynecological malignancies.

Objective:To explore the application and effect of team-based learning (TBL) combined with flipped classroom in the teaching of physiology.Methods:A total of 70 medical students were selected and randomly divided into two groups, experimental group ( n=34) and control group ( n=36). Both groups studied digestion physiology by different method. In the experimental group, the students were taught by TBL combined with flipped classroom. The control group was given traditional teaching. The students studied and discussed problems in a team, and shared the answers in the flipped classroom. The effects of teaching were evaluated by the final test scores and the self-made questionnaire. SPSS 17.0 was used for t test on data comparison between the two groups. Results:The test scores of digestion physiology in the experimental group were (5.47±1.02) points, which were significantly higher than those of the control group (4.42±1.63) points, with significant differences ( P=0.020). A total of 34 questionnaires were issued and 34 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 100%. The questionnaire results showed that TBL combined with flipped classroom was accepted and approved by about 82% of students in the experimental group who agreed that the teaching model helps enhance students' initiative and interest in learning, develop their sense of cooperation and comprehensive application ability. Conclusion:TBL combined with flipped classroom is feasible and effective in the physiological teaching, and it can be popularized in medical courses.

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis and clinical features of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) concurrent with multiple myeloma (MM).Methods The clinical characteristics,pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of 3 cases who were diagnosed as AS concurrent with MM were analyzed and relevant literatures were reviewed.Results MM was confirmed in patients who had long-term stable AS.A wide variety of manifestations,including persistent pain in spine and thorax,pathologic fracture,anemia,kidney damage and nervous system abnormalities were frequently presented.These patients were insensitive to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment,and they had a unfavorable prognosis.Conclusion Patients who are diagnosed as AS concurrent with MM can present with a variety of clinical features.Manifestations which are difficult to explain clinically by AS and poor response to treatment especially when the patients have longterm stable AS are potential clues for MM.

Background Glaucoma is characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) followed by visual field defects.Spectral domain OCT(SD-OCT) enabled more precise and quantitative assessments of macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness.Objective This study was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of GCC thickness in identifying primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).Methods A prospective study was performed.Seventy POAG patients and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled in Beijing Tongren Hospital from November 2015 to April 2016.Macular GCC thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were measured with RTVue SD-OCT,and Humphrey perimetry was performed on the eyes.The patients were assigned to the early stage POAG group,advanced POAG group and later stage POAG group based on the mean defect (MD) of visual field.The average,superior,inferior GCC and RNFL,focal loss volume (FLV),and global loss volume (GLV) were measured and compared among the groups.The correlations between GCC thickness or RNFL thickness with MD were evaluated in the POAG eyes.The discrimination capabilities of GCC thickness or RNFL thickness were assessed and compared by using areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC).Results Compared with the normal control group,the average,superior,inferior GCC thickness and RNFL values were evidently reduced,the FLV and GLV were significantly increased in the early stage POAG group,advanced POAG group and later stage POAG group (all at P＜0.001).Compared with the early stage POAG group,the average GCC and RNFL thickness values were significantly reduced,and GLV was increased in the advanced POAG group and later stage POAG group (all at P＜0.05).In the later stage POAG group,superior RNFL was thinner than that in the early stage POAG group (P =0.003).The superior GCC value were lower in the later stage POAG group than that in the early stage POAG group and advanced POAG group (all at P＜0.001).Compared with the early stage POAG group,the inferior GCC and RNFL thicknesses were decreased and the FLV was increased in the advanced POAG group and the later stage POAG group (all at P≤0.01).Linear positive correlations were found between average GCC,superior GCC,inferior GCC,average RNFL,superior RNFL or inferior RNFL and MD (r =0.624,0.583,0.601,0.571,0.447,0.537,all at P＜0.001),and the positive correlations were also seen between average GCC and average RNFL,between superior GCC and superior RNFL or between inferior GCC and inferior RNFL (r =0.648,0.630,0.602,all at P＜0.001).The AUCs were 0.965,0.979,0.924,0.985,0.980,0.990,0.979 and 0.992 in the average GCC,superior GCC,inferior GCC,FLV,GLV,average RNFL,superior RNFL and inferior RNFL,with the largest AUCs in the FLV and inferior RNFL thickness.No significant difference was found in the AUC between FLV and inferior RNFL thickness (P＞0.05).Conclusions Inferior GCC is more susceptible to glaucomatous damage.FLV and GLV from GCC pattern parameters are sensitive indicators for diagnosis of POAG.GCC thickness could be a valid structural parameter for detecting glaucoma and can be used as a marker in glaucoma assessment.