OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the development China as clinical research center in Asian-pacific re?gion.METHODS:To discuss the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats of China as a regional clinical research center by analysis.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Against the background of globalization of pharmaceutical research and development,expansion of the global clinical research markets provide great opportunities for China to develop its clinical re?search,and developing a good regulatory environment as well as improving the management of the clinical trial center will af?filiate China to be a competitive clinical research center in Asian-pacific region.

Objective To explore the pathogenesis and clinical value of Th1/Th2 and normal intestinal flora from the angle of immunological and intestinal micro environment balance by detecting the plasma interferon-γ(IFN-γ)and interleukin-4(IL-4)and fecal bifidobacteria in Children with Allergic Asthma,so as to provide a theoretical basis through early intervention of probiotics to correct the Th1/Th2 balance.Methods The levels of blood plasma IFN-γ,IL-4 and fecal bifidobacteria amount of 165 cases of chil-dren with allergic asthma and 150 health students as control group were detected by ELISA and real time fluorescence PCR at the same time.Retesting these above indexes after applying bifidobacteria regulation of intestinal flora for 6 months.The clinical relative factors and experimental data were statistically analyzed.Results The level of IFN-γof asthmatic children were remarkably lower than those in the control group(P <0.05),while the level of IL-4 of asthmatic children were remarkably higher than those in the control group(P <0.05),and the amount of bifidobacteria of asthmatic children were remarkably lower than those in the control group(P <0.05).The level of IFN-γand bifidobacteria of asthmatic children improved remarkably and the level of IL-4 decreased significantly after applying bifidobacteria regulation of intestinal flora for 6 months.All of them had remarkable statistically signifi-cant.Conclusion The immune balance was affected by the intestinal flora balance of vice versa.This would provide an important theo-retical support to prevent the occurrence of allergic asthma by the early probiotics regulation of intestinal flora and immune balance.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the connotation,significance and methods of pharmacoeconomics of Adverse Drug Reactions(ADR).METHODS:The related studies evaluating the economic impact of ADR both at home and abroad were sum_ marized by literature review.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:There existed a big gap in the researches between China and foreign countries.Approaches to assessment of the economic costs of ADR were found to be cost study,cost-efficiency analysis of drug safety.The cost study includes the following3steps:defining ADR,estimating the incidence of ADR and measuring the costs of ADR.

Objective To investigate of human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells(Eca-109) in which cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 gene was knocked down by adenovirus delivered siRNA.Methods Based on the plasmid pSUPER cloned with RNA polymerase Ⅲ-dependent promoter HI,the interfering plasmid psiRNA/COX-2 targeting human COX-2 mRNA was constructed,The siRNA/COX-2 fragment was derived from psiRNA/COX-2 digested by Not I and Xho 1.and was cloned into the shuttle plasmid pAdTrack.Then pAdTrack/siRNA/COX-2 was obtained and co transfected into the E.coli strain BJ5183 with the bone plasmid pAdEasy-1,the recombinant adenovirus Ad/siRNA/COX-2 was generated by homologous recombination.Having been packaged and amplified in cells 293,Ad/siRNA/COX-2 was transfected into Eca-109 cells.The PGE2 concentration in the cells culture supernatant was determined by ELISA,and the level of COX-2 mRNA in the cells was tested by real time PCR.Moreover,cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry,and cells growth curve was protracted.Results The recombinant adenovirus Ad/siRNA/COX-2 was successfully constructed.Ninty six hours after Ad/ siRNA/COX 2 transfecting into Eca 109 cells,COX-2 mRNA was reduced by 71.7%,and PGE2 concentration in the cells culture supernatant was decreased by 62.0%.Correspondingly,the growth of cells slowed down.At the same time,the cells in G0-G1 phase was increased by 32.24%,and those in S phase and G2-M phase were reduced by 16.38% and 15.86%.respectively.And cells apoptosis index was increased by 9.19%.Conclusion The adenovirus based-RNAi was capable of knocking down remarkably COX-2 of human esopbageal carcinoma cells,which lead to growth of cells slowing down.

MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a regulating function in translation stage of gene expression.MiRNA has been found directly involving in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer,and its abnormal expression is closely related to early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and may provide new therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer patients.MiRNA detection will have good application prospect in on the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.

AIM: To study fingerprint and characteristic components of the essential oil of processed Rhizoma Kaempferiae in order to control quality. METHODS: The fingerprint and characteristic components of the essential oil of 10 samples were determined by GC-MS. RESULTS: trans-Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate,cis-Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate,trans-Ethylcinnamate,n-Pentadecane,3-Carene,Borneol, 8-Heptadecene,Cyperene,Heptadecane,Globulol,Eucalyptol,cis-Methyl-p-methoxycinnamate and Eucarvone were gained in 10 samples,and relative contents of 13 components added up to 94.5%-98.2% of the total essential oil.The retention time and peak area of 13 components had built the characteristic fingerprint of essential oil of processed Rhizoma Kaempferiae. CONCLUSION: The commercial samples collected from various sources shows a strong similarity.The method has a good repeatability and can be used to control quality of processed Rhizoma Kaempferiae.

Objective To evaluate the effect of tranilast on neointimal proliferation and remodeling of rabbit iliac artery after balloon injury.Methods Twenty four rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups including sham-operated group, control group, and treatment group. Balloon catheter was used to induce injury to the iliac artery of rabbits in control group and treatment group. Tranilast was given to the rabbits in treatment group (300 mg?kg -1) once a day from 3 days before operation to 28 days after operation, and then local vessels were harvested for pathological analysis and immunohistochemical staining. Automatic image analysis system was used to detect the changes of intimal thickness, medial thickness, luminal area, external elastic lamina (EEL) cross-sectional area and the proliferation index of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Results The intimal thickness was decreased in treatment group compared with control group. The luminal area and EEL cross-sectional area were significantly larger in treatment group than those in control group. No significant difference was found between treatment group and control group in medial thickness. The proliferation index of PCNA was significantly reduced in treatment group compared with control group. Conclusions Tranilast signifcantly inhibited neointimal hyperplasia and prompted compensatory artery dilation during remodeling of rabbit iliac artery after balloon injury. The effect on neointimal hyperplasia may be partly attributed to the inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.

[Objective To evaluate the teaching effects and advantages of problem-based learning (PBL) teaching mode based on network in the clinical practice of obstetrics and gynecology. Methods 2007 grade intern students in department of obstetrics and gynecology in Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University were divided into 2 groups:control group (18 seven-year program and 11 five-year program)and experiment group (17 seven-year program and 10 five-year program). Traditional teaching was conducted in control group:interns and teacher completed teaching ward round several times according to the teaching requirement. PBL based on network was conducted in experiment group:tea-chers asking questions-data collection-learning and discussing-demonstrating and arguing-discussing and summarizing teaching process. Then the effects of different teaching methods were evaluated by clinical practice skill and theoretical test. SSPS13.0 statistical software was used for data analysis and measurement data were expressed as x±s. T test was conducted among groups. Results As for clinical practice skills, scores in PBL group (seven-year program and five-year program )were higher than those of traditional group [seven-year program:(190.47±2.30)vs (87.42±2.93);five-year program:(92.95±2.20)vs (90 . 09 ± 2 . 70 )] . There was no difference between the two groups in scores of theoretical test . In clinical practice skills,scores of general skill and clinic case analysis showed significant differences be-tween PBL group and traditional group. Conclusions PBL tea-ching mode based on network can improve the quality and effectiveness of the clinical practice of obstetrics and gynecology, especially in the social, technical,and knowledge dimension.

Objective To observe the clinical effect ofHuangkui capsule combined with benzbromarone on the treatment of the patients with chronic uric acid nephropathy (CUAN).Methods A total of 60 patients were recruited and divided into the treatment group and the control group by using the random number table method, each group 30 patients. Two groups were treated with conventional treatment, such as low purine, low protein diet, quit smoking and drinking extra water. The control group was added with oral benzbromarone, and the treatment group was added with oralHuangkui capsule. All the treatments last 8 weeks. Theblood uric acid (BUA), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cystatin C (Cys-C), SOD, 24-hour urinary protein quantity and Urinary sediment red blood cell count were detected by the automatic biochemical analyser.The clinical effect was evaluated by the Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) quality of life questionnaire.Results Compared with the control group, the total effective rate in the treatment group was 86.64% (26/30), which was significantly higher than that of 63.33% (19/30) in the control group (χ2=7.264, P=0.001). After treatment, the BUA (273.52 ± 110.37μmol/Lvs. 331.28 ± 126.54μmol/L,Z=-2.543), BUN (6.24 ± 1.23 mol/Lvs. 8.16 ± 2.35 mol/L,Z=-2.680), SCr (90.37 ± 20.16μmol/Lvs. 110.38 ± 16.72μmol/L,Z=-2.534), Cys C (0.86 ± 0.51 vs. 1.03 ± 0.10,Z=-2.372) in the treatment group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.01); SOD (156.37 ± 32.04μmol/Lvs. 43.36 ± 31.52μmol/L,Z=-2.041) in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.01); the 24 hours urinary protein (439.86 ± 250.41 mg/24hvs.897.69 ± 213.37 mg/24h,Z=-2.853), urine sediment RBC counts (50.31 ± 14.06 points/μlvs.213.47 ± 38.46 points/μl, Z=-2.106) in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01); the physiological function(43.14 ± 2.06 pointsvs.36.48 ± 3.21 points,Z=10.362), the psychological function (40.76 ± 3.28 points vs. 16.54 ± 3.71 points,Z=9.547), social function (40.74 ± 3.58 points vs. 33.04 ± 5.48 points,Z=6.034), healthy self-awareness (24.57 ± 1.97 points vs. 22.63 ± 3.43 points,Z=4.236) and total score (127.38 ± 6.43 points vs. 107.69 ± 13.57 points,Z=6.754) in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.01) . Conclusions TheHuangkui capsule combined with benzbromarone could reduce CUAN patient's blood uric acid levels, protect renal function, and improve the quality of life.