Objective:To investigate the protective effect of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on right ventricular remodeling in a rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH ) .Methods: PAH rats were induced by a single injection of monocrotaline(60 mg/kg,sc)and were ad ministered with NAC[500 mg/(kg? d)]for 6 weeks.At the end of 4 weeks,the right ventricular systolic pressure ( RVSP ) and mean pulmonary artery pressure ( mPAP ) were monitored via the right jugular vein catheterization into the right ventricle .Right ventricle ( RV ) to left ventricle ( LV )+septum ( S ) were calculated.Right ventricular morphological change was observed by HE staining .Sirius red was used to demonstrate collagen deposition .The expressions of collagenⅠ,collagen Ⅲ, NADPH oxidase 4 ( NOX4 ) and nuclear factor-kappa B ( NF-κB ) were analyzed by RT-PCR and ( or ) Western blot.Results:NAC attenuated RVSP ,mPAP and right ventricular remodeling index ( RV/LV+S) of PAH rats induced by monocrotaline after treatment for 4 weeks.Furthermore ,monocrotaline-induced right ventricular collagen accumulation and collagen Ⅰand collagenⅢexpression were both significantly suppressed by NAC .The expressions of NOX 4 and NF-κB were obviously decreased in right ventricule from PAH rats with NAC treatment.Conclusion:NAC ameliorates right ventricular remodeling of PAH induced by monocrotaline in rats through down regulating the expression of NOX 4 and antioxidant activity ,and inhibiting activation of NF-κB and collagen accumulation .

BACKGROUND:Destroying posterior stable structure of cervical vertebra may facilitate the ligamentum flavum regeneration. Whether anterior cervical instability can induce the regeneration in posterior and adjacent ligamentum flavum remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the changes of transforming growth factor-β1 expression and histopathology in the ligamentum flavum of cervical instability animal models.
METHODS:Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into control group and experimental group, with 18 rabbits in each group. In the experimental group, cervical instability animal models were established made through destroying annulus fibrosus by anterior puncture and absorbing nucleus pulposus in C4/5 . And no intervention was given to the control group.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, fibers in the C 3/4, 4/5, 5/6 ligamentum flavum arranged disorderly and the glass like degeneration was found in the experimental group. The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in ligamentum flavum was increased, especial y in C 4/5 , in the experimental group. At 4, 8, 12 weeks, transforming growth factor-β1 expression in the C 3/4, 4/5, 5/6 ligamentum flavum segments was similar between the two groups. Experimental findings indicate that, anterior cervical instability can induce the regeneration in posterior ligamentum flavum, especial y in the injured segment.

Objective To investigate the role of S100B protein in the pathogenesis of patients with Japanese encephalitis (JE).Methods A total of 45 patients were enrolled in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from August 2013 to October 2013,who were diagnosed as JE on the basis of clinical features and positive IgM antibodies against JE virus measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from the Center of Disease Control of Shijiazhuang.The JE patients were divided into initial phase group,acute phase group and convalescence group based on the course,mild JE group,moderate JE group and severe JE group based on the severity,MRI-no-lesion group and MRI lesions group based on the imaging findings of JE.Twelve cases with no evidence of infection in central nervous system in the meantime were chosen as control.The S100B protein was measured by ELISA.Results The content of S100B protein in cerebrospinal fluid was as follows:522.76 (393.35,620.37) pg/ml in mild JE group (acute phase group:609.77 (549.27,779.71) pg/ml,convalescence group:420.48 (344.36,453.19) pg/ml),792.09 (705.47,1 108.96) pg/ml in moderate JE group (acute phase group:770.19 (646.31,1 069.54) pg/ml,convalescence group:803.45 (602.90,1 396.84) pg/ml),and 1 021.94 (680.84,1 302.15) pg/ml in severe JE group (acute phase group:981.82 (680.84,1 826.28) pg/ml,convalescence group:989.00 (553.62,1 207.67) pg/ml).The S100B protein content was 561.52 (454.36,814.56) pg/ml,803.45 (602.90,1 104.01) pg/ml,762.22 (594.95,1 044.97) pg/ml,581.76 (442.51,1 069.10) pg/ml in MRI-no-lesion group,MRI lesions group,total acute phase group and total convalescence group,respectively.While in control group,the S100B protein content was 266.71 (205.72,390.05) pg/ml.The contents of S100B protein in moderate JE group,severe JE group,total acute phase group,total convalescence group,MRI-no-lesion group,MRI lesions group were higher than that in control group (H =4.864,5.497,5.075,3.918,2.971,4.981,P =0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.009,0.000).The contents of S100B protein in mild JE group was lower than that in moderate JE group and severe JE group (H =-2.786,-3.514,P =0.032,0.003).Conclusions The level of S100B protein in cerebrospinal fluid is related with the severity,duration and imaging presentation of JE patients.The dynamic monitoring of S100B protein levels is of great significance for assessment of the patients' condition and curative effect.

The therapeutic effect of acupuncture in treating the patients with urine retention after spinal and craniocerebral injuries was observed.Methods:Eighty patients with urine retention were divided into treatment group and control group.The patients in the treatment group were treated by puncturing Baliao (BL 31-34),Zhongii(CV 3) and Guanyuan (CV 4).The patients in the control group were treated by routine therapy of Western medicine.Resuits:In treatment group,33 cases were cured,5 cases got effectiveness and 2 cases had no effectiveness.In control group,25 cases were cured,7 cases got effectiveness and 8 cases had no effectiveness.Conclusion:The therapeutic effect of acupuncture was superior to that of routine therapy of Westem medicine in treating urine retention following spinal and craniocerebral injuries.

Objective To improve the recognition of treatment of adult T lymphoblastic lymphoma (TLL) with Hyper-CVAD regime.Methods The turnovers of 7 cases treated with Hyper-CVAD regime were summarized.Results Among the 7 cases,1 case died after the first unfinished chemotherapy,1 case gained complete remission before autologous stem cell transplantation but relapsed after transplantation,3 cases gained complete remission until now,2 cases without transplantation relapsed and then gave up following treatments after treating with ICE regime or the virgin regime,but the therapeutic effects were poor.Conclusions Adult TLL should get early chemotherapy treatments,and some special characteristics should be noted,the treatment does not relate to the stage,the chemotherapy treatment should be carried out regularly and enough,radiation of mediastinum mass can be applied after 4 cycles of Hyper-CVAD regime,choose suitable transplantation method.

Objective To investigate the effects of antioxidant response element (ARE) activator- 5,6-dihydrocyclopenta[ C ]-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (CPDT) on organotypic spinal cord cultures and to study whether this activation can protect motor neurons from oxidative stress.Methods Organotypic spinal cord cultures were prepared using lumbar spinal cord slices from 8-day-old rat.Threo-hydroxyaspartate (THA) was continuously added into the culture medium for 3 weeks,which caused selective motor neuron death. Thus,the in vitro model of amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis (ALS) was established.15,30 ?mol/L of CPDT were added into the culture medium respectively.Ventral motor neurons survival was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody SMI-32,a nonphosphorylated neurofilament marker. Ultrastructure was observed with electronic microscope.Results The pretreatment of organotypic spinal cord cultures with different concentrations of CPDT significantly increase the total number of ventral motor neurons (15?mol/L:(15.81?6.97) perexplant;30?mol/L:(16.25?6.74) perexplant respectively) compared with THA group ((5.31?5.76) perexplant) and the former had plentiful neurite extensions (n= 15,P

Various new ophthalmic formulations have been prepared to enhance ocular bioavailability,while lots of irritant sub-stances are applied,including surfactants,polymers and other cationic materials. Therefore,safety of the preparations has been paid more and more attention besides the efficacy. Since in vitro experiments lack of associated enzymes and integral reaction of organiza-tion,the reasonability and correlation of the results extrapolated to the animal experiments still need to be further proved. The in vivo common eye irritation methods( winking,histopathological slices,Draize score and confocal microscopy test etc)were reviewed,eval-uated and analyzed in the paper.

Objective To study the efficacy of gamma globulin in the early treatment of severe or almost severe hand -foot -mouth disease.Methods 80 children with severe or almost severe hand -foot -mouth disease were randomly divided into treatment group and control group by the random number table.The treatment group received the treatment of early gamma globulin,whereas patients in the control group received conventional therapy.The effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group(95.0%vs 77.5%,χ2 =5.165,P <0.05).The recovery time of body temperature and hemogram,rash and other adverse symptoms disap-peared in the treatment group were significantly shorter than those of the control group[(2.1 ±0.9)d vs (3.0 ± 1.1)d,(1.9 ±0.8)d vs (2.8 ±1.1)d,(4.1 ±1.3)d vs (6.2 ±2.1)d,(2.6 ±0.8)d vs (4.8 ±1.5)d,t =3.934,3.723,5.378,7.357,all P <0.05].Conclusion Early application of gamma globulin is effective and safe in treating severe hand -foot -mouth disease,which can relieve symptoms,control the disease quickly and improve prognosis.

BACKGROUND:The transplanted bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) survive,migrate to the injury site and differentiate into neurons and astrocytes.Transplantation of BMSCs following spinal cord injury (SCI) may improve the recovery of spinal function and may be an effect way for treating spinal cord injury.The treatment of spinal cord injury by autologous BMSCs mobilization and surgical transplantation has a wide prospect of clinic application.However,it is still unclear whether outcomes and mechanisms of them are different.OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy of treating SCI in rats by mobilization and surgical transplantation of autologous BMSCs,and assess the two methods by qualitative indexes.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized controlled animal experiment was conducted at the Henan Province People's Hospital from June 2007 to April 2008.MATERIALS:A total of 90 healthy Sprague Dawley rats aged 10 wees old,half male and half female,weighing (240±10) g,were subjected to make spinal cord injury models.MATHODS:After 3 days injection with bromodeoxyuridine 50 mg/kg per day,BMSCs were isolated from bone marrow of healthy rats.All the rats were underwent spinal cord injury by NYU impactor.All 90 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 30 for each group.Rats in the mobilization group were subcutaneously injected with grenulocyte-colony stimulating factor for 7 days,20 mg/kg per day.In surgical transplantation group,a total of 0.3 mL (1×10~(10)/L) BMSCs were transplanted into injured area of spinal cord.Rats in control group were given the same volume of saline (0.3 mL) into injured area of spinal cord.All the rats were injected with 50 mg/kg bromodeoxyuridine daily at day 3 before surgery for 10 days in each group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The Basso-Beattie-Brasnahan (BBB) locomotor score was used to evaluate functional recovery in rat hindlima at 3 days,1,2,4 and 8 weeks after SCI.Motion evoked potential (MEP) and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) tests were performed to defect the neural pathway so as to evaluate recovery of injured spinal cord.The cell structural changes and the expression and distribution of Brdu,glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP),and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were observed by pathological and immunohistochemical methods.and 8 weeks after injury (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference between the mobilization group and surgical was increased in the mobilization group and surgical transplantation group compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01),but Histopathology showed that there were less empty,necrosis and GFAP-positive glial scar tissue,more Brdu-positive cells and NSE-positive cells in the mobilization group and surgical transplantation group than in the control group.CONCLUSION:Autologous BMSCs mobilization transplantation and surgery transplantation could significantly reduce the degree of SCI,and promote the recovery of the spinal cord function after injury for treating SCI.Compared between the two,mobilization of autologous BMSCs are more convenient,non-invasive,more likely to seize the opportunity to treatment.

Autophagy dysregulation, mitochondrial dynamic abnormality and cell cycle re-entry are implicated in the vulnerable neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease. This study was designed to testify the association among autophagy, mitochondrial dynamics and cell cycle in dividing neuroblastoma (N2a) cells. The N2a cells were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of 3-methyladenine (3-MA). The cell viability was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. They were randomly divided into control group (cells cultured in normal culture medium) and 3-MA group (cells treated with 10 mmol/L 3-MA). The cell cycle was analyzed in the two groups 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after treatment by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression levels of mitofission 1 (Fis1), mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), cell cycle-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cdc2. The flow cytometry revealed that the proportion of cells in G(2)/M was significantly increased, and that in G0/G1 was significantly reduced in the 3-MA group as compared with the control group. Western blotting showed that the expression levels of Fis1, LC3, and CDK4 were significantly up-regulated in the 3-MA group at the four indicated time points as compared with the control group. Mfn2 was initially decreased in the 3-MA group, and then significantly increased at 6 h or 12 h. Cdc2 was significantly increased in the 3-MA group at 3 h and 6 h, and then dropped significantly at 12 h and 24 h. Our data indicated that 3-MA-induced suppressed autophagy may interfere with the cell cycle progression and mitochondrial dynamics, and cause cell death. There are interactions among cell cycle, mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy in neurons.