Assessment of left ventricular function is an important part of the function of whole cardiac.Two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging technology can track single pixel and get its trajectory,thus we can fully knowledge the function of left ventricular.At present,a large number of clinical studies have confirmed the significance of two-speckle tracking imaging in the evaluation of left ventricular function,and the details were reviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate the targeted capacity of ultrasound contrast agent with a galactosepoly-L-lysine ligand,and lay the foundation for targeted imaging in vivo and the treatment of liver cancer.Methods The small molecular targeted ligand was synthetized by a method of reductive amination,the targeted lipid microbubbles were performed by combining lipid microbubbles with the targeted ligand,the targeted effectiveness was observed by fluorescence microscopy.Results Galactose and poly-L-lysine were combined effectively after 24 h with the molar ratio 1:1 00,the average particle size of the targeted lipid microbubbles was 2 micron,the targeted combine of the HepG2 liver cancer cells with the targeted ultrasound contrast agent was observed by laser scanning confoeal microscope.Conclusions The targeted lipid miembubbles can target effectively to the HepG2 cells.

Objective To explore the clinical value of high frequency ultrasound combined with serum tumor specific growth factor in diagnosis of thyroid cancer.Methods 155 patients with thyroid tumor received preoperative high frequency ultrasound and the detection of TSGF content,the histopathologic examination was given after operation.The clinical value of high frequency ultrasound and TSGF detection in diagnosis of thyroid cancer was analyzed.Results The sensitivity of high frequency ultrasound in diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma was 82.54％,the specificity was 81.52％.The sensitivity of TSGF in diagnosis of thyroid cancer was 79.37％,the specificity was 78.26％.The sensitivity of high frequency ultrasound combined with TSGF in diagnosis of thyroid cancer was 92.06％,the specificity was 93.48％.And the coincidence rate of combined detection was significantly higher than the two methods used alone,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion High frequency ultrasound combined with TSGF detection can make up the shortage of the two methods,which has important value in improving the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma.

Objective To optimize the formulation of a new kind of ultrasound contrast agents carrying the sensitizer of hematoporphyrin(HP)with[Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid),PLGA]for material.Methods The technique of double emulsion was applied to produce HP loaded PLGA ultrasound microbubbles,which was optimized through orthogonal test using encapsulation efficiency for the detected index.Then morphology and distribution of HP-PLGA microbubbles were observed through light microscope and scaning electron microscope.The size,Zeta potential and the properties of releasing behavior and ultrasound imaging in vitro of Hp-PLGA contrast agents were detected.Results The optimization parameters were picked out as 10 mg/ml for concentration of HP,40 mg for PLGA,and 1/5 for volume ratio of water inside to dichloromethane.The optimized HP-PLGA contrast agents were spheric with the mean size of 602.3 nm,and Zeta potentiaI of-(17.1±1.6)mV.The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of HP-PLGA were(2.15±0.15)%and(63.5±2.6)%,respectively.And the releasing behavior of HP-PLGA contrast agents in vitro was that after an obvious release of about 35.1%in former 24 h,there were 86.5%HP-PLGA released within 14 days.The ultrasound imaging of HP-PLGA could be enhanced obviously in vitro.Conclusions The self-made HP-PLGA ultrasound microbubble might be a useful tool for delivering sensitizer and thus provide a novel strategy for sonodynamic therapy on tumor.

Objective To investigate the ability of targeting in vitro breast carcinoma and photoacoustic-mediate apoptosis of breast carcinoma of the nanoparticle probe loaded with Fe3O4 and observe its consequence of photoacoustic imaging in vitro.Methods The polymeric multifunctional nanoparticles probe that was loaded with Fe3O4 and connected with Herceptin targeting breast carcinoma was prepared in the use of double emulsion method and carbodiimide method.General physical property,the condition of Herceptin connected with nanoparticles and the ability of targeting of the probe were tested.The different concentration of nanoparticles was imaged by photoacoustic.The inhibiting effect of targeting nanoparticles on breast carcinoma cells was evaluated in vitro.Results The targeting polymeric multifunctional nanoparticles probes loaded with Fe3O,were prepared successfully with average particle diameter of (235.4± 53.75)nm and Zeta potential (-13.4 ± 4.7)mV.Fe3O4 particles dispersed on the shell of the probes.Antibody Hereeptin was successfully connected with the surface of the nanoprobes.There were massive targeting nanoprobes surround the breast carcinoma cell strains SKBR3 in the targeting group in vitro.The photoascoustic signal of the nanoprobes enhanced with the increase of Fe3O4 concentration in photoacoustic experiment in vitro.The apoptotic rate of breast carcinoma increased after the laser irradiation in the cell inhibition experiment in vitro.That proved the obvious inhibition of breast carcinoma cells was caused by photothermal effect of the prepared nanoprobes.Conclusions The prepared polymeric multifunctional nanoparticles probe that was loaded with Fe3O4 and connected with Herceptin targeting breast carcinoma can be used as a photoacoustic contrast agent,which can inhibit the proliferation of breast carcinoma by targeting photoacoustic therapy.

AIM: To investigate the effect of problem - based learning ( PBL) used in the teaching of medical students'evidence-based medicine ( EBM) .
METHODS: Five classes ( total 147 students ) were randomly selected as experimental ( PBL ) group, at the same time, another 5 classes ( total 149 students ) were also randomly selected as control group, using traditional teaching method ( lecture-based learning, LBL ) in 2010 grade. The final examination scores of the experimental group were compared with control at the end of term. In addition, all students were interviewed using self -administered questionnaire to obtain their evaluation for PBL practice. SPSS13. 0 software was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: The homogeneity test in baseline survey showed that the basic characteristics between the two groups of students were no significant differences, and were comparable (P>0. 05). Final exam results showed that in addition to the scores of the EBM basic knowledge indicated no significant difference between two groups of students (P>0. 05), for the 5 steps of EBM procedure, namely, asking questions, finding the best evidence, evaluating the evidence, using and practicing the evidence, re - evaluating the evidence, and the total scores between the two groups, there were significant statistically differences (P<0. 05). The results to student learning evaluation showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0. 05) in aspects of better understanding classroom knowledge, improving language expression ability, and writing skill exercises. And other residual items had a significant difference ( P<0. 05), especially in aspects of improving enthusiasm for learning, self - study ability, improving learning efficiency, information analysis and utilization ability, team collaboration, and communication between teachers and students, however, there was a very significant difference (P<0. 001) between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: PBL teaching mode can effectively improve teaching effectiveness and the quality of EBM teaching, so the this teaching mode is worth further popularizing.

Abstract: Objective To establish the duplex TaqMan RT-PCR method for detection of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia in fecal samples. Methods Primer pairs and probes for Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia were designed and duplex TaqMan RT-PCR amplification system was constructed. PCR products were inserted into the pUC57 plasmid, and the lower limit of detection of the method was determined. Clinical stool samples were tested in order to evaluated the efficacy of the method. Results The detection limits of duplex TaqMan RT-PCR were 31.6 copies/μL for Entamoeba histolytica and 32 copies/μL for Giardia lamblia, respectively. Of the total of 212 clinical stool samples tested, all 3 samples with E. histolytica-positive patients by microscopy were positive by PCR, while 1 from 209 samples with E. histolytica-negative patients by microscopy were positive by PCR, and the remaining samples were negative. For Giardia lamblia, all 8 samples positive by microscopy were positive by PCR, and 1 from 204 sample with a microscopy-negative patient was positive by PCR, and the remaining samples were negative. The amplification product sequencing and blast analysis were used to confirm that the amplified sequence in the specimen of a patient with negative microscopy but positive PCR belongs to the targeted pathogen, supported by clinical symptoms and laboratory test results. PCR results for other diarrhea-causing pathogens were negative, indicating no cross-reactivity. Conclusions The dual TaqMan RT-PCR method developed in this study can not only detect microscopy-positive samples of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia but also can detect samples that were missed by microscopy, with higher sensitivity than the microscopy method. Further, this detection method does not cross-react with other diarrhea-causing pathogens, including cross-react with other diarrhea-causing pathogens including Iodamoeba butschlii, Blastocystis hominis, Plesiomonas, Aeromonas, Salmonella, Shigella, Sphaerozoum fuscum, and Entamoeba hartmani, thus has a good specificity.

In recent years, polysaccharides have received much attention because of their high safety and good immunological activity. The study of polysaccharide in vivo process is a key scientific problem that needs to be solved for polysaccharide drug development. Some progress has been made in the field of polysaccharide pharmacokinetics and immunomodulation. However, due to the lack of both chromogenic and light-absorbing groups and the complex molecular structure of polysaccharides, the in vivo processes and immunomodulatory mechanisms of polysaccharides have been slow to be investigated. The effective combination of multiple techniques can break the bottleneck of difficult tracing and unknown immunomodulatory mechanism of polysaccharides in vivo, and promote the development and utilization of polysaccharides. In this paper, we systematically summarize the key techniques in the study of polysaccharide in vivo processes and immunomodulatory mechanisms in order to provide technical references and research ideas for the study of polysaccharide in vivo processes and immunomodulatory mechanisms.

Based on the technology of platelet proteomics, the key regulatory proteins and pathogenesis of coronary heart disease with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome were explored and analyzed. Based on the previous laboratory research, the model of coronary heart disease in mini-swine with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome was duplicated. The model was judged by the changes in blood lipid and myocardial tissue characteristics. Furthermore, the platelet proteins were studied by quantitative proteomics, and the differentially expressed proteins were screened. The critical regulatory proteins and biological pathways of coronary heart disease with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome were analyzed by bioinformatics. After ten weeks of modeling, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), triglyceride (TG), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in the model group were significantly increased, reflecting the pathological changes such as increased blood lipid, abnormal coagulation function and myocardial ischemia in the model group. In addition, compared with the sham group, there were 26 up-regulated proteins and 8 down-regulated proteins in the platelets of the model group. Combined with bioinformatics analysis, it was found that differential proteins mainly involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, lipid and atherosclerosis, Ras protein signal transduction. Among them, lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5), neuroblastoma ratsarcoma viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) and Kirsten ratsarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) play a central role when interacting with other proteins and simultaneously participate in multiple action pathways. The results showed that LDHB, ADH5, NRAS, and KRAS may be the marker proteins in CHD with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome by regulating glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, lipid and atherosclerosis, Ras protein signal transduction and other biological processes.

OBJECTIVETo establish discriminant functions of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) by studying it from quantitative diagnosis angle, hoping to reduce interference of subjective factors in diagnosing and differentially diagnosing Chinese medical syndromes of IBS-D.

METHODSA Chinese medical clinical epidemiological survey was carried out in 439 IBS-D patients using Clinical Information Collection Table of IBS. Initial syndromes were obtained by cluster analysis. They were analyzed using step-by-step discrimination by taking information of four Chinese medical diagnostic methods and serum brain-gut peptides (BGP) as variables.

RESULTSClustering results were Gan stagnation Pi deficiency syndrome (GSPDS), Pi-Wei weakness syndrome (PWWS), Gan stagnation qi stasis syndrome (GSQSS), Pi-Shen yang deficiency syndrome (PSYDS), Pi-Wei damp-heat syndrome (PWDHS), cold-damp disturbing Pi syndrome (CDDPS). Of them, GSPDS was mostly often seen with effective percentage of 34. 2%, while CDDPS was the least often seen with effective percentage of 5.5%. A total of 5 discriminant functions for GSPDS, PWWS, GSQSS, PSYDS, and PWDHS were obtained by step-by-step dis- crimination method. The retrospective misjudgment rate was 4.1% (16/390), while the cross-validation misjudgment rate was 15.4% (60/390).

CONCLUSIONThe establishment of discriminant functions is of value in objectively diagnosing and differentially diagnosing Chinese medical syndromes of IBS-D.

Alarmins ; Brain ; Cluster Analysis ; Diarrhea ; classification ; diagnosis ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; classification ; diagnosis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Yang Deficiency