Tests of effects on life of adult fruit fly of Cordyceps polysaccharides from submerged fermentation products showed that the polysaccharides had the activity against senescence. Some samples had very notable effect among which polysaccharides from AT01 (both intracellular and extracellular) had the best effects.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of focal ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on the expression of protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase ( PERK ) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) mRNA and protein after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats.MethodsAll 120 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation group,middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group and brain ischemia preconditioning (BIP) group.Each group was further divided into 4 subgroups according to 12 h,1,2 and 3 d after I/R.The IPC models were made in order to measure the expression of PERK,GRP78 mRNA and protein by in situ hybridization and Western blot,and the apoptosis rate of neuron by flow cytometry. Results ①The expression of PERK mRNA increased and reached the peak at 12 h,then decreased continuously after 1 d.BIP could decrease its expression.The expression of PERK protein increased at 12 h and reached the peak at 24 h,then decreased continuously after 2 d.BIP could decrease its expression.②The expression both of GRP78 mRNA and its protein all increased and reached the peak at 12 h,then decreased continuously.BIP could increase their expression (mRNA:12 h: 136.70±9.53,F=32.265; 24 h:147.54 ±9.97,F=54.920; 2 d:158.16 ±9.44,F=45.374; 3d: 165.85±10.26,F=16.493,P＜0.05; protein:12 h: 1.319±0.116,F=5.619,P＜0.05; 24 h: 1.226±0.108,F=33.742,P＜0.01; 2 d:1.183 ±0.112,F =46.556,P ＜0.01; 3 d:1.115± 0.098,F =11.730,P＜0.05).③The rate of apoptosis neuron of rats in MCAO increased markedly at 12 h after reperfusion,and reached the peak at 1 d,then decreased continuously.BIP could decrease the rate of apoptosis neuron. Conclusion BIP can protect neurons through inhibiting the expression of PERK and inducing the expression of GRP78 after endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats.

Aim To study the antidepressant effects of bioactive compounds from entomogenous fungi(BCEF) in mouse models of depression. Methods The antidepressant effects of Bioactive compounds from entomogenous fungi was examined on the chronic unpredictable stress test, yohimbine induced lethality test, and 5-HTP induced head-twitches test. Results BCEF(50 mg?kg~-1 , ig, qd?21 d)could significantly increase the crossing and rearing score in open-field test. After administration yohimbine 1 h, BCEF 100 mg?kg~-1 group mice mortality rate rising rapidly; BCEF(50,100 mg?kg~-1 ) could distinctly increase the head-twitch number in the 5-HTP induced head-twitches test. Conclusion BCEF has antidepressant effects in depression mouse models. The mechanisms of its antidepressant effects may be related with the reinforcement of central monoamine neurotransmitter especially to 5-HT and NE nerves system.

Objective:To compare the chemical composition of decoction and granules of Sangju Decoction; To provide a method for quality evaluation of Sangju Decoction.Methods:HPLC was used to establish fingerprints, and a comprehensive comparative study was conducted on the traditional decoction and formula granules of Sangju Decoction from four aspects: chemical composition type, fingerprint similarity, chemical pattern recognition analysis, and representative index component content.Results:The fingerprint similarity of the 10 batches of traditional decoction was >0.988. 35 peaks were identified and 12 peaks were identified as common peaks (neochlorogenic acid for peak 7, chlorogenic acid for peak 10, cryptochlorogenic acid for peak 11, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid for peak 13, rutin for peak 17, lenoside A for peak 19, lignan for peak 20, isochlorogenic acid B for peak 24, ammonium glycyrrhizate for peak 25). The fingerprint similarity of the formulation pellets was >0.983, and 29 characteristic peaks were identified. Compared with the traditional decoction, some batches of the granules lacked peaks 14, 26, 27, 30, 32 and 34, and clustering analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) could distinguish between the two. The contents of the 10 index components neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid, forsythia ester glycoside A, grass glycosides, isochlorogenic acid B, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, forsythia glycosides, monkshood glycosides in the traditional soup were higher than that in the granules, and the contents of rutin and ammonium glycyrrhizate in the granules were higher than that in traditional decoction.Conclusions:The content and composition of traditional decoction and formula granules of Sangju Decoction are significantly different. The combination of fingerprinting and chemical pattern identification effectively can effectively evaluate the difference between traditional decoction and formula granules of Sangju Decoction, which can lay a foundation for the quality control and rational clinical application of formula granules of Sangju Decoction.

Objective To examine the effects of ankle brace on biomechanics of the lower extremity during landing, so as to provide a theoretic support to choose ankle brace for people with different sports levels. Methods The key words (ankle brace OR ankle braces OR ankle bracing OR ankle support) AND (landing OR land OR jump OR hopped OR hopping) AND (biomechanics OR kinematics OR kinetics OR electromyography OR neuromuscular) in Chinese and English were searched from different electronic databases (CNKI, Web of Science, EBSCO, PubMed and other databases), for a period of Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2020. Cochrane was used to evaluate the quality of eligible studies. For meta analysis, subgroup analysis was used to assess the impact of ankle braces on ankle biomechanics.Results Thirteen studies with a total of 222 participants were included for mata analysis in this study. The semi-rigid ankle brace reduced the peak of ankle inversion by 25.8% compared with the elastic ankle brace (SMD=-0.562, P<0.001). Moreover, the elastic ankle brace reduced ankle plant flexion during landing among athletes (SMD=-3.42, P=-0.021). As for collagiate students, both elastic ankle and semi-rigid ankle decreased the ankle inversion (elastic ankle brace: 35.4%, SMD=-1.000, P=-0.013; semi-rigid ankle brace: 31.11%, SMD=-0.881, P<0.001) and ankle plant flexion (elastic ankle brace:23.30%, SMD=-1.381, P<0.001;semi-rigid ankle brace: 36.33%, SMD=-1.605, P<0.001).Conclusions Both ankle braces can prevent ankle sprain for athletes (basketball, volleyball, running) who experience training more than 5 years. The elastic ankle brace can limit the inversion and plantar flexion, while the semi-rigid ankle brace can merely decrease the ankle inversion. Therefore, athletes are more suitable for the elastic ankle brace. As for collegiate students without training history, both ankle brace can decrease the ankle inversion and plantar flexion. The elastic ankle brace has greater restriction on inversion, while the semi-rigid ankle brace has more restriction on plantar flexion. Therefore, the elastic ankle brace should be utilized if collegiate students have calcaneofibular ligament injury, while the semi-rigid ankle brace is more suitable for collegiate students who have a history of anterior talofibular ligament injury.