The medical consulting service, disease inquiry and seeking medical advice functions of 10 commonly available APP software in China for seeking medical advice, such asRapid Asking Doctors,Handholding Doc-tor Selection, andChunyu Handholding Doctors, were compared, which showed that although the functions of APP software in China for seeking medical advice could meet the requirement of people for seeking medical advice, importance should be further attached to their accurate and integrative information and establishment of profit-making model in order to promote the sustainable development of medical APP software.

Objective To explore the clinical users′experience on using the intelligent laboratory test system so as to provide reference for its optimization.Methods Fifteen laboratory staff with different sub specialty was selected for in-depth interviews and data were analyzed using phenomenological approach.Results Intelligent laboratory system could improve the quality of test result verification and interpretation,shorten the turnaround time and improve the work efficiency.It took about 1-2 months for users to accept the automatic verification function.After that,the users could believe in the system and used it in their daily work.The sys-tem could reduce the work stress and verification duty,while balancing the technical gap between laboratory technicians.Users could only understand the general rule of the intelligent system and it was difficult for them to manage the rule repository.Conclu-sion The intelligent laboratory system is one of the artificial intelligent system used for the medical laboratory,it can provide com-prehensive clinical decision support for the laboratory staff.

Objective To investigate the different immune status of TCM classification and the levels of T and B cells and the re-lationship between the NK cells .Methods Three different immune state of patients with chronic HBV were divided into asthenia syndrome(AS) group and sthenia syndrome(SS) group ,and then we detected the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and NK cells ,and compared the above each index analysis .Results In three different immune status ,all patients with AS and SS groups CD4+ T cell percentages are lower than normal control group (P<0 .05) ,and in a state of immune tolerance ,CD4+ T cells of SS group were lower than the AS group (P<0 .05) ,in a state of immune clearance ,CD8+ T cell percentage were SS group> control group> the AS group (P<0 .05) .Three different immune status ,the ratio of CD4+ /CD8+ SS group were significantly lower than the AS group or control group ,in a state of immune clearance the SS and the AS group B lymphocyte percentage were higher than the control group ,the percentage of NK cells was lower than the control group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Chronic HBV infection have immune dysfunction ;HBV infected different immune status of TCM classification have relationship with T and B cell subsets and NK cells ,and the immune function test has certain clinical application value for the judgment of TCM syndrome type .

Objective: To analyze the phytosterols content in cereals and legumes commonly consumed in China, and to estimate the intake of phytosterols in Chinese people. Methods: 25 cereals and 16 legumes were chosen as samples. The content of ?-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, ?-sitostanol, campestanol were analyzed by GC methods and the total phytosterols were calculated; The intake of phytosterols in Chinese people were estimated using the data of “Survey on the Status of Nutrition and Health of the Chinese People” in 2002. Results: The content of phytosterols in wheat flour was higher than that in rice. The refinements of cereals will decrease the phytosterols content. Phytosterols content in soybean was higher than other legumes. The intake of phytosterols in Chinese people was estimated to be 130.76mg/d from cereals and 7.86mg/d from legumes. Conclusion: The analysis of phytosterols in food and the estimation of daily intake is valuable for chronic disease prevention. The higher consumption of wheat flour and legumes in diet is recommended.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To study the effect of thrombopoietin ( TPO) on chemical hypoxia-induced apoptosis of the Rattus norvegicus adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells.METHODS:The cultured PC12 cells were randomly divided into normal control group, cobalt chloride ( CoCl2 ) group, CoCl2 +TPO group and TPO group.The cell viability was mea-sured by MTT assay.The effect of TPO on CoCl2-induced cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI double staining.The intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ROS) were detected by fluorescence microscopy, and the chan-ges of the mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMT) were determined by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy.RE-SULTS:Chemical oxygen agent CoCl2 significantly inhibited the growth of PC12 cells (P<0.01).The apoptotic rate in CoCl2 group was obviously higher than that in control group ( P<0.05) , while the apoptotic rate in CoCl2 +TPO group was obviously lower than that in CoCl2 group (P<0.05).TPO decreased the production of ROS, and inhibited the decrease in MMP induced by CoCl2(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: TPO has a protective effect against CoCl2-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells by decreasing the production of ROS and inhibiting the decrease in MMP.

Objective Establishing community nursing intervention to improve treatment compliance of senior patients taking and quit bad lifestyle so as to enhance quality of life. Methods We selected 180 senior patients who received the questionnaires concerning treatment compliance and the assessment of nursing satisfaction before and after our nursing intervention. Treatment compliance and the assessment of nursing satisfaction were compared. Results After the implementation of community nursing intervention, the senior patients could take medicines punctually and check up regularly. They could also know to control their emotion, take healthy diet, quit cigarette and alcohol and take adequate exercise according to our instruction. Meanwhile, the patients had higher level nursing satisfaction after the intervention. The comparison had statistical significance (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion Community nursing intervention could change and improve treatment compliance of senior patients actively. As a result, both the patients' quality of life and our nursing satisfaction were improved.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in humans and poses a serious threat to human health.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) affected the mechanism of occurrence and development of colorectal cancer.As an important member of miRNA,miR-224 modulates the migration,proliferation,metastases and drug resistance of colorectal cancer by acting on its downstream targets.The expression of miR-224 affects the prognosis of colorectal cancer.Therefore,this review summarizes the role of miR-224 and its downstream targets in colorectal cancer,it may provide a new method for diagnosis and treatment to colorectal cancer at the cellular and molecular level.

Objective:To compare the specific mechanism and effects between christina loosestrife and snowbellleaf tickclover herb on kidney calcium oxalate calculi in rats.Methods:A total of 54 SPF grade SD male rats were fed adaptically for 1 week to 180-200 g, the models of rats with kidney calcium oxalate calculi were established by intragastric administration with glycol, and divided into nine groups according to random number table method and controlled, which were healthy control group (group A), positive control group (model group, group B), low, medium and high doses of christina loosestrife groups (C1, C2, C3, 3 groups), low, medium and high doses of snowbellleaf tickclover herb groups (D1, D2, D3, 3 groups), therapeutic control group (potassium sodium hydrogen citrate group, group E), 6 rats in each group. After 4 weeks, samples were collected to determine the urine and serum biochemical indexes of each group, and Von Kossa staining was used to detect kidney calcium oxalate crystals. Calcium oxalate crystal deposition in kidney tissues of rats was observed under polarization microscope, and the difference of efficacy between the two drug effects was determined by the percentage of positive area in photos and the urine and serum biochemical indexes. The measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between groups, and SNK- q test was used for comparison between two groups. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare crystal formation between groups. Results:Compared with the positive control group and christina loosestrife groups, high dose of snowbellleaf tickclover herb could significantly reduce serum creatinine level ( P<0.01), the mean serum creatinine of rats with christina loosestrife was (86.70±11.49) μmol/L, that of rats with snowbellleaf tickclover herb was (70.72±9.08) μmol/L, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). High dose of christina loosestrife and snowbellleaf tickclover herb could significantly increase urinary magnesium and decrease serum urea levels, and there was no statistical significance between them ( P>0.05). Compared with the positive control group, high dose of christina loosestrife ( P<0.000 1) and snowbellleaf tickclover herb ( P<0.000 1) could both inhibit the formation of calcium oxalate crystals and protect the kidney of rats, and there was no statistical significance between the two effects ( P>0.05). The levels of urine pH value could not be increased, while the levels of urinary calcium urinary oxalic acid and 24 h urine volume, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, serum magnesium, blood uric acid and content of kidney oxalate could not be decreased significantly after using these two drugs. Conclusion:Snowbellleaf tickclover herb is better than christina loosestrife in preventing recurrence of kidney calcium oxalate calculi and protecting renal function.

Objective To investigate the effects of Echinococcus multilocularis on the phenotypic transformations of glucose metabolism, polarization types and inflammatory responses in macrophages, so as to provide insights into elucidation of echinococcosis pathogenesis. Methods Bone marrow cells were isolated from C57BL/6J mice at ages of 6 to 8 weeks, and induced into bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with mouse macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which served as controls (BMDMs-M0). BMDMs-M0 induced M2 macrophages by interleukin-4 for 24 hours served as the IL-4 induction group, and BMDMs-M0 co-cultured with 2.4 ng/mL E. multilocularis cystic fluid (CF) served as the BMDM-CF co-culture group, while BMDMs-M0 co-cultured with E. multilocularis protoscolex (PSC) at a ratio of 500:1 served as the BMDM-PSC co-culture group. The types of polarization of BMDMs co-cultured with E. multilocularis CF and PSC were analyzed using flow cytometry, and the expression of macrophage markers, inflammatory factors, and glucose metabolism-related enzymes was quantified using fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting assays. Results There were significant differences among the four groups in terms of Arginase-1 (Arg1) (F = 1 457.00, P < 0.000 1), macrophages-derived C-C motif chemokine 22 (Ccl22) (F = 22 203.00, P < 0.000 1), resistin-like α (Retnla) (F = 151.90, P < 0.000 1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (F = 107.80, P < 0.001), hexokinase (HK) (F = 9 389.00, P < 0.000 1), pyruvate kinase (PK) (F = 641.40, P < 0.001), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1) (F = 43.97, P < 0.01), glucokinase (GK) (F = 432.50, P < 0.000 1), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases1 (PDK1) (F = 737.30, P < 0.000 1), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) (F = 3 632.00, P < 0.000 1), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) (F = 532.40, P < 0.000 1), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (F = 460.00, P < 0.000 1), citrate synthase (CS) (F = 5 642.00, P < 0.01), glycogen synthase1 (GYS1) (F = 273.30, P < 0.000 1), IL-6 (F = 1 823.00, P < 0.000 1), IL-10 (F = 291.70, P < 0.000 1), IL-1β (F = 986.60, P < 0.000 1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (F = 334.80, P < 0.000 1) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β mRNA expression (F = 163.30, P < 0.001). The proportion of M2 macrophages was significantly higher than that of M1 macrophages in the BMDM-PSC co-culture group [(22.87% ±1.48%) vs. (1.70% ±0.17%); t = 24.61, P < 0.001], and the proportion of M2 macrophages was significantly higher than that of M1 macrophages in the BMDM-CF co-culture group [(20.07% ±0.64%) vs. (1.93% ±0.25%); t = 45.73, P < 0.001]. The mRNA expression of M2 macrophages markers Arg1, Ccl22 and Retnla was significantly higher in the BMDM-CF and BMDM-PSC co-culture groups than in the control group (all P values < 0.01), and no significant difference was seen in the mRNA expression of the M1 macrophage marker iNOS among the three groups (P > 0.05), while qPCR assay quantified higher mRNA expression of key glycolytic enzymes HK, PK and PFK, as well as inflammatory factors IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α and TGF-β in the BMDM-CF and BMDM-PSC co-culture groups than in the control group (all P values < 0.01). Western blotting assay determined higher HK, PK and PFK protein expression in the BMDM-PSC co-culture group than in the control group (all P values < 0.05), and qPCR quantified higher GLUT1, GAPDH and IL-6 mRNA expression in the BMDM-CF co-culture group than in the control group (all P values < 0.05), while higher HK, PK and PFK protein and mRNA expression (all P values < 0.01), as well as lower IL-6 and TNF-α and higher TGF-β mRNA expression (both P values < 0.05) was detected in the IL-4 induction group than in the control group. Glycolytic stress test showed no significant difference in the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of mouse BMDM among the control group, IL-4 induction group and BMDM-PSC co-culture group (F = 124.4, P < 0.05), and a higher ECAR was seen in the BMDM-PSC co-culture group and a lower ECAR was found in the IL-4 induction group than in the control group (both P values < 0.05). Conclusions Treatment of E. multilocularis CF or PSC mainly causes polarization of BMDM into M2 macrophages, and phenotypic transformation of glucose metabolism into high-energy and high-glycolytic metabolism, and affects inflammatory responses in BMDM.