Objecflve To study the heredity and variance of E1 gene of rubella villls Matsuba vac-cine strain.and to evaluate the protective efficacy of the vaccine prepared by Matsuba vaccine strain on genelevel.Methods The Matsuba strain was passaged on primary rabbit kidnev cells from 14 to 23 generations.and the E1 genes of 14,16,17,18,23 passages amplified by RT-PCR were cloned into the T-A cloning vector pGEM-T and sequenced,respectively.The sequences of E1 gene of the passaged viruses were tom-pared with rubella virus Matsuba reference strain E1 gene(Accession No.D50673)and other rubella strains in GenBank.respectively.Results The Matanba passaged shared higher homology of nucleotide and amino acid with Matsuba reference strain(D50673).,The sequences of nucleotide and amino acid of RV14,RV16.RV18 were identical to D50673.The homology of nucleotide sequences of RV17,RV23 and D50673 was 99.9%and 99.7%,respectively,andthe homology of amino acidwgg 99.8% and 99.2%,respective-ly.The amino acid related to glycosylation and epitopes of the passage viruses were highly conservative.The phylogenetic tree showed Matsuba strain belonged to la genotype.The rubella virus genotypes circulated in China recent years were 1E,lF,2A and 2B,and 1E genotype was the predominant genotype.The homology of nucleotide and amino acid of Matsuba strain and the other genotype reference strains was 92.1%-99.6% and 98.1%-99.8%.respectively.Condusion The Matsuba vaccine strain possesses highly genetic stabil-ity.which indicates that the Matsuba strain and its vaccine are stable on molecular level.And the vaccine prepared by Matsuba vaccine strain can prevent the infection of various genotype rubella viruses.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous cell population of myeloid origin with immunosuppressive function. MDSCs can inhibit the normal immune response of the host to tumor by inhibiting the activity of T cells, natural killer cells, macrophage, B cells, and promoting the proliferation of Treg and other mechanisms. Therefore, MDSCs are potential targets for tumor immunotherapy. However, whether immunotherapy or other treatments, the effectiveness of monotherapy is limited, so immunotherapy combined with other treatments is a breakthrough combination. In recent years, immunotherapy combined with other treatments has shown initial results, with better results than monotherapy. It has become a research hotspot in tumor treatment and a new treatment method in the future. This article summarized the research progress on the effects of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, Chinese herbal extract and Immunotherapy combination on MDSCs, in order to provide theoretical support for the clinical application of immunotherapy based combined tumor treatment measures.

Objective To investigate the effect of Angelica polysaccharide(APS)on the differentiation and function of M2 macrophages and underlying molecular mechanism.Methods Mouse bone marrow derived macrophages(BMDM)and M2 macrophages were induced and treated with APS(0,80,160,320 μg/mL);Mouse peritoneal macrophages were isolated and treated with APS(0,160 μg/mL).Flow cytometry(FCM)was used to detect mannose receptor(MR),CD11b,F4/80,CD163,and ARG-1 expression levels,apoptosis,and phagocytic ability of M2 macrophages and peritoneal macrophages.Mice were randomly divided into APS gavage group and control group,APS was intragastrically administered to mice,and macrophage MR expression level in blood and spleen were detected by FCM.Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the morphology of BMDM-differentiated M2 macrophages.RT-qPCR was employed to detect the mRNA expression levels of MR and ARG-1 in M2 macrophages.Immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect the expression of the proteins related to molecular mechanism of differentiation and function of M2 macrophages.Results Compared with the 0 μg/mL APS group,the MR expression level in the M2 macrophages was decreased with the increase of APS concentration within a certain concentration range(80～320 μg/mL),and the MR expression level in peritoneal macrophages was also decreased in the 160 μg/mL APS treatment group(P＜0.01).The expression level of macrophage MR was also significantly decreased in peripheral blood and spleen in the APS gavage mice than the control group(P＜0.05).Compared with the 0 μg/mL APS group,the expression levels of CD11b,F4/80,and CD163 in the macrophages were increased in the 80～320 μg/mL APS treatment groups(P＜0.01).The morphology of macrophage had changed,from mostly spindle-shaped and pseudopodia to mostly round or irregular,and even a few cells with pseudopodia.APS induced apoptosis in M2 macrophages(P＜0.05).Compared with the 0 μg/mL APS group,M2 macrophages treated with 160 μg/mL APS had an increased ability to phagocytose fluorescent microspheres(P＜0.01),but the expression level of ARG-1 was decreased(P＜0.01).The mRNA expression of MR and ARG-1 in M2 macrophages was decreased(P＜0.05).The mean fluorescence intensity of phosphate acidified-signal transducers and activators of transcription 6(p-STAT6)-positive signals in M2 macrophages was significantly reduced in the 160 μg/mL APS-treated group(P＜0.05).Conclusion APS has bidirectional regulation on the differentiation and function of M2 macrophages,which may be associated with its downregulation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 6(STAT6)signaling pathway.

Objective To discuss the correlation of serum visceraladiposetissue-derived serineproteinase inhibitor(vaspin)and atrial fibrosis biochemical markers in atrial fibrillation(AF)patients.Methods The subjects were selected from inpatients in Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital during January 2021 to October 2022.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to determine the levels of serum vaspin,C-terminal propeptide of prollagen type Ⅰ(PⅠCP),matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1),N-terminal type Ⅲ collagen peptide(PⅢNP),tissue matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory factor-1(TIMP-1)of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation(PAF)group,persistent atrial fibrillation(PeAF)group,and control group.The correlation between serum vaspin and the above serum biochemical markers was analyzed.Results ①Levels of serum vaspin(9.51±1.47)ng/ml,PⅠCP(704.83±120.45)ng/ml,MMP-1(5.92±0.73)ng/ml,PⅢNP(63.34±12.24)ng/ml,and TIMP-1(7.56±0.90)ng/ml in PeAF group were significantly higher than those of PAF group and control group(P<0.05);②vaspin was significantly and positively correlated with PⅠCP,MMP-1,PⅢNP,TIMP-1 in PAF group and PeAF group.Conclusion Serum vaspin level of AF patients were significantly high and positively correlated with atrial fibrosis biochemical markers,which indicated that serum vaspin level might be closly related to atrial fibrosis in AF patients.It may be a potential marker to identify the degree of fibrosis in atrial fibrillation.