OBJECTIVE： To discuss the application prospect of pharmacogenomics METHODS： To introduce the concept of pharmacogenomics and analyse its application at prospect RESULTS ＆ CONCLUSION： Pharmacogenomics is wide in the prospect of application and has a vast reservoir of economic potential， it will exert an influence on pharmacy in the 21st century

Objective To investigate the cytolytic activity of extracellular cytolytic toxin rVVC of Vibrio vulnificus on the apoptosis of human ECV304 cells, and to analyze the activities of Caspase-3,-8 and -9. Methods The cytotoxic effect of refolded rVVC on the growth and apoptosis of ECV304 cells was identified by MTT, Hochest33342/PI fluorescent staining, flow cytometry and DNA agarose electrophoresis analysis, respectively. The activities of Caspase-3, -8 and -9 was measured using a colorimetric method. Results The viability of human ECV304 cells exposed to rVVC was inhibited by rVVC after 24 h. 2.0 HU/ml rVVC groups had a better cytotoxic effect to human ECV304 than that of 0.5 HU /ml rVVC groups. The apoptosis of human ECV304 cells in 2.0 HU/ml rVVC+40 μmol/L Z-VAD-FMK groups was relative reduced than that of 2.0 HU/ml of rVVC groups. After 0.5 h treatment with 2.0 HU/ml of rVVC, the Caspase-3 activity in human ECV304 cells increased gradually and reached the peak at 3 h (versus control groups, P<0.01). The activity of Caspase-8 and -9 remained unchanging. Conclusion The rVVC has cytotoxic effect on human ECV304 and the cytolysin is probably correlated with Caspase-3.

Objective To explore the measure of the peri-operative care in patients undergoing nephroureterectomy with transvaginal NOTES-assisted hybrid endoscopy.Methods Nursing measures and the effect of 3 patients who underwent transvaginal NOTES-assisted hybrid endoscopy in nephroureterectomy were retrospectively analyzed.Results All procedures were successfully completed.There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications.All patients were cured and discharged.Conclusions For the patients receiving transvnginal NOTES-assisted hybrid endoscopy in nephroureterectomy,good psychological care,adequate preoperative preparation,postoperative care,and health education can reduce postoperative complications and play an important role in the success of the operation.

ObjectiveTo discuss the quantitative criteria of grading nursing of three common psychiatric diseases in psychiatric department. MethodsUsing SI、N-BPRS,BRMS and HAMD scales to evaluate180 patients with schizophrenia,mania and depression upon admission and after admission.The quantitative evaluation of grading nursing of these three diseases was compared. ResultsFor the three common mental diseases N- BPRS scale scores were as follows.Superfine nursing:schizophrenia (80.66+11.22)points; mania (80.05± 15.44)points; depression (76.88±9.82)points.Primary care:schizophrenia (67.47± 10.18)points; mania ( 62.91 ± 10.19 )points; depression ( 56.63±9.52 )points; Secondary nursing:schizophrenia ( 44.04 ±8.67 )points;mania( 39.57±9.47 )points ;depression( 37.73±7.75 )points.The three- level nursing:schizophrenia( 27.97±2.19 )points;mania(27.89±2.28)points;depression(27.45±1.31 )points. ConclusionsUsing evaluating scores of NBPRS scale to determine the quantitative criteria of grading nursing of three common psychiatric diseases is a feasible choice,after training,nurses of high qualification can grasp skillfully the operation process.

OBJECTIVE： To establish the quality standard of Sabina vulgaris， and to provide reference for its quality control. METHODS： Totally 9 batches of S. vulgaris were collected from Inner Mongolia area. The characteristics of S. vulgaris samples were observed and microscopic identification was conducted for the transverse section and powder of its branches and leaves. TLC was used for qualitative analysis of S. vulgaris. The contents of water， total ash， acid-insoluble ash and alcohol-soluble extract in S. vulgaris were determined according to the method stated in 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia （part Ⅳ）. The contents of quercetin and amentoflavone in S. vulgaris were determined by HPLC. RESULTS： The branchlets of S. vulgaris were cylindrical or rhombic， with varying length of thorns， dark green or yellowish green. The microscopic observation showed that the epidermal cells of scale leaves were arranged orderly； there were larger cavities in the middle of scale leaves， large cells in spongy tissue； epidermal cells were rectangular with more stomata and large guard cells. Results of TLC showed that the spots of the same color were found in the corresponding positions of chromatogram for substance control （dendrooside and rutin）. In the 9 batch of samples， the contents of water were 3.2％-5.6％； the contents of total ash were 3.4％-5.8％； the contents of acid-insoluble ash were lower than 0.8％； the contents of alcohol-soluble extract were 28.0％-33.8％； the contents of quercetin were 0.11％-0.28％； the contents of amentoflavone were 0.15％-0.25％. CONCLUSIONS： It is preliminarily proposed that the content of water in S. vulgaris is not more than 8.0％； the content of total ash is not more than 7.0％； the content of alcohol-soluble extract is not less than 24.0％； the content of quercetin is not less than 0.11％； the content of amentoflavone is not less than 0.15％. Established standard can be used for the quality control of S. vulgaris.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the ischemic ST-T changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) and the coronary artery diseases based on the perspective of diagnostics.
 METHODS: A total of 341 patients, who underwent coronary angiography in Department of Cardiology of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from June 2013 to April 2014, were enrolled for this study. The internationally recognized diagnostic criteria for ischemic ST-T changes in ECG and the Judkins diagnostic criteria for coronary angiography were applied, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ECG were analyzed.
 RESULTS: There were more ischemic ST-T changes in women than that in men (P<0.01). Ischemic changes in coronary angiography were not significantly different between male and female patients (P>0.05). For ischemic diagnostic tests by ECG ST-T, the total sensitivity and specificity was 83.6% and 54.4%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity was 82.3% and 68.0% or 85.0% and 28.2% in the male or female group, respectively. 
 CONCLUSION Ischemic ST-T changes in ECG possess important value in the diagnosis of the coronary artery diseases. The sensitivity of ECG in the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in women was higher than that in men, whereas the specificity of ECG in the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in men was higher than that in women.
Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; diagnosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUNDAs an X-linked recessive way, arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (AVPR2) gene mutation resulted in a hereditary disease - congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI). We found a suspect clinical CNDI pedigree. In order to identify the genetic etiology, we performed the genetic analysis.

METHODSThe clinical features of the proband and his family members were recorded. The laboratory tests and imaging inspections were analyzed. The water deprivation and pituitrin loading test were performed in the proband and his brother. The genomic DNA of all the members of the pedigree was extracted and then PCR amplification on AVPR2 gene was carried out. Sequencing in both directions was performed to identify mutation on AVPR2 gene.

RESULTSBoth the proband and his brother were diagnosed as CNDI, meanwhile the other members of this pedigree were normal. No severe biochemical abnormality was found in the two CNDI patients. Both the patients had moderate urinary retention, severe megaloureter and hydronephrosis, and mild renal insufficiency. Two mutations of AVPR2 gene were discovered in the 3rd exon in the patients, a silent mutation L309L and a nonsense mutation R337X. The AVPR2 gene R337X mutation was co-segregated with CNDI. R337X mutation was not a reported mutation in the mainland of China.

CONCLUSIONThe AVPR2 gene R337X mutation was also a genetic etiology of CNDI patients in the mainland of China.

Adult ; Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Receptors, Vasopressin ; genetics ; Vasopressins ; genetics

Objective: To investigate the effect of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP) on the mortality and early complications of premature infants. Methods: The general clinical data of preterm infants with gestational age 24-36^{+ 6} weeks were collected from the cooperative units in the task group from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014.According to the severity of HDCP, the infants were divided into 4 groups: HDCP group, preeclampsia group, eclampsia group and non HDCP group, the mortality and major complications of preterm infants were compared, and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results: The mortality rate of preterm in the HDCP group was significantly higher than that of non HDCP group, and there was statistical significance (χ²=9.970, P=0.019). Eclampsia had a highest fatality rate (4.8%) in the early stage, compared with non HDCP group (2.2%), and the difference was statistically significant.Comparison of HDCP group (1.8%) and eclampsia group (3.2%) suggested that there was no statistically significant difference.The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm in HDCP group was significantly higher than that of non HDCP group, and there was statistical significance (χ²=13.241, P=0.004). Eclampsia group showed the highest incidence (35.4%), compared with non HDCP group (16.2%), the difference was statistically significant, but compared with HDCP group (19.9%), preeclampsia group (17.1%), there was no significant diffe-rence.The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm in HDCP group was significantly higher than that of non HDCP group (χ²=9.592, P=0.022), the highest incidence showed up in eclampsia group (9.7%), compared with non HDCP group (2.0%) and HDCP group (1.7%), the difference was statistically significant.But there was no statistically significant difference, compared with preeclampsia group.As the degree of HDCP aggravated, the incidence of BPD gradually rose.There was no significant impact on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and sepsis of HDCP (χ²=7.054, 7.214, 0.358, 3.852; P=0.070, 0.065, 0.949, 0.278). Considering the overall outcome of the child, that was, whether the child died or survived, he had at least one complication, and HDCP had an effect on it (χ²=15.697, P=0.001), so the incidence increased while the degree of HDCP rose gradually.After adjusting gestational age, birth weight, sex, way of delivery, placental abruption and front placenta, prenatal hormonal, gestational diabetes, neonatal asphyxia and other factors, the results displayed that HDCP was the factor leading to the death of premature baby (OR=2.159, 95%CI: 1.093-4.266), and comparison between preeclampsia and eclampsia showed no statistical difference (P=0.714, 0.389); HDCP had no significant influence on RDS, BDP, ICH, NEC, ROP and sepsis. Conclusions HDCP leads to increased risk of premature death, but also leads to the increased incidence of RDS and BPD, but it had no obvious effect on NEC, ROP, IVH, sepsis and other complications.