OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence and developing trends of the hospital infection among inpatients and to find out the quick path of preventing from and controlling hospital infection.METHODS Data of 188087 cases inpatients were summarized and analyzed by using the combined methods of retrospective.prospective and target monitoring.RESULTS All 5167 cases with hospital infection took place with the incidence rate of 2.75% and 6054 case-times took place with the case-times rate of 3.22%.Among the infection sites the respiratory infection ranked the first and covered 67.64%.Candida albicans was the first one among the pathogens.CONCLUSIONS Analyzing the risk factors of hospital infection and strengthening monitoring the hospital infection sources and taking measures are the important methods to prevent from and control the hospital infection.

AIM: To investigate the behaviour of 3T3 fibroblast and macrophage co-culture on blood fibrin clot or adipose tissue with recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF). METHODS: MTT method, inverted contrast microscopy, Giemsa staining as well as scanning electron microscope were used in the present study. RESULTS: The effect of rhbFGF on co-culture of 3T3 fibroblast and mouse macrophage on blood fibrin clot in low-serum DMEM with rhbFGF were monitored, and 3T3 fibroblast and macrophage growed well on the blood fibrin blot in low-serum DMEM with rhbFGF. CONCLUSION: The blood fibrin clot, with its low immunogenicity, could be used as a bionic support for three-dimensional tissue culture, and also a physiological carrier to distribute the growth factor rhbFGF for the cells.

Objective To investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture on muscular tension and motor function in the flaccid,paralytic limbs of stroke survivors.Methods Seventy-two stroke survivors with flaccid,paralytic limbs were divided randomly into a control group and an electro-acupuncture group.Both grourps received routine therapy and rehabilitation training,but the electro-acupuncture group was also treated with electro-acupuncture.Muscular tension and motor function in the flaccid,paralytic limbs in both groups were evaluated by modified Ashworth scale (MAS)and Fugl-Meyer scores before treatment and at the end of 4 weeks.Results After treatment,in 24 patients of the electro-acupuncture group and 10 patients of the control group muscular tension had increased 1-2 grades.The effectiveness rate(68.57%)in the electro-acupuncture group wag higher significantly than that(27.03%)in the control group(P＜0.01).Fugl-Meyer scores in the electro-acupuncture group were significantlv higher than those in the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Electro-acupuncture supplementing traditional rehabilitation improves muscle tension in flaccid,paralytic limbs and promotes the recovery of motor flunction after stroke.

Objective Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) may play a role in kidney stone formation.The article aimed to conduct a preliminary study on the role of THP in kidney stone formation by investigating the changes of THP in rat urine, pathological changes of renal tissue and the formation of calcium salt crystals after establishing CNPs rat model of kidney stones.Methods Stone samples of 40 patients from February to June 2015 in our department were collected to establish the model of CNPs-induced kidney stone in rats and prepare CNPs suspension.48 SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group (group A) and blank control group (group B).Group A were injected with CNPs and the same amount of sterile saline injection in the group B.The urine of rats was collected after injection at 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h, 1w, 2w, 4w and 8w.ELISA were applied to detect THP levels in the urine.Then the rats were killed to take the kidney tissue.HE staining was used to investigate the pathological changes of the cells and evaluate the formation of the calcium salt crystals.Results THP levels in group A at 24h, 1w, 2w, 4w and 8w ([166.03±3.02], [173.50±1.78], [174.55±2.05], [176.54±2.45], [177.11±1.76]pg/mL) were significantly higher than that at 3h(165.89±2.23pg/mL)(P<0.05), which was the same case in comparison with those of group B ([157.65±2.22], [156.54±1.43], [159.45±3.21], [158.63±2.98], [157.33±2.05]pg/mL).Compared with the calcium salt crystal score at 6h (1 point), the scores at 3,6,12,24h (average score 2 points) increased.At 2w the score increased significantly to 3 points and reached the top score(6.7points) at 8w, which was of significant difference.The score of calcium salt crystals was in positive correlation with THP content (r=0.843,P<0.05).Conclusion THP in urine may contribute to the aggregation of calcium salt crystals and the formation of kidney stones.

Introduction to the theories on improving coordination level of the new rural cooperative medical system,including the risk theory,great number rule,fair theory,demand theory and supply theory which are cornerstones of enhancing the NRCMS improving the pooling level.The paper also probed into the practices of improving the pooling level of the NRCMS,including the models of high level,middle level and low level pooling.These theories and practices can help the localities better design and manage the pooling level of the NRCMS.

Objective: To explore the effect of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of colon cancer. Methods: With four colon carcinoma cell lines (DLD-1, HCT116, SW480 and HT29) as study subjects, the effect of different concentrations of VPA(0.5，5 mmol/L) on cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. The expression level of EMT-related proteins (E-cadherin and vimentin) was detected by Western blotting; Phenotypic changes of E-cadherin and vimentin were detected by immunofluorescence staining; Cell migration and invasion ability was detected by wound healing and Transwell invasion assay, respectively. Results:After treated with different concentrations of VPAfor 48 h, low concentration of VPAmerely exerted any effect on the cell proliferation rate of four colon cancer cell lines, and thus was chosen as the experiment concentration; The results of Western blotting showed that the expression of E-cadherin was reduced (P<0.05) and vimentin was increased (P<0.05) in colon carcinoma cells by VPAtreatment (0.5 mmol/L); Immunofluorescence staining revealed membranous attenuation or nuclear translocation of E-cadherin and enhanced expression of vimentin after VPA treatment (0.5 mmol/L), and these responses occurred after 6 h and sustained until 24 h; Wound healing and Transwell invasion assay showed increased migration and invasion ability following VPA treatment (0.5 mmol/L). Conclusion: Low concentration VPA could induce the development of EMT in colon cancer cells by nuclear translocation of E-cadherin, and obviously enhance the migration and invasion ability of colon cancer cells; Thus, HDAC inhibitors, as a new type anti-cancer option, shall be carefully considered before their application in colon cancer.

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effects of exosome originated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) on proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer PC-3 cell and its mechanism. Methods: qPCR was used to detect the expression level of miR-21-5p in prostate cancer cell lines. The morphology of exosomes isolated from BMSCs was observed with an electron microscope. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of exosome surface markers and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin). Dual luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to detect the targeted regulation relationship between miR-21-5p and PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2). PC-3 cells were co-cultured with 10 μl BMSCs exosomes suspension (Exo group), transfected with sh-PHLPP2 or antagomiR, then CCK-8 and Transwell experiments were used to detect changesinproliferation,migrationandinvasionofPC-3cell.Results: miR-21-5p was highly expressed in prostate cancer PC-3 cell line. The exosomes in the supernatant of BMSCs culture fluid were successfully isolated, and the typical vesicle-like structures of exosomes were observed under transmission electron microscope. Exosomes expressed specific proteins such as CD9, CD63 and CD81. In the Exo group, the proliferation, invasion, migration, as well as the expressions of N-cadherin, Vimentin and miR-21-5p in PC-3 cells were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). PHLPP2 is a target gene of miR-21-5p. Compared with the control group, the expression of PHLPP2 in PC-3 cells of Exo group and sh-PHLPP2 group was significantly reduced (0.66±0.09, 0.42±0.05 vs 1.09±0.08, all P<0.01); cell viability, invasion and migration were significantly improved (all P<0.01); and E-cadherin expression level was significantly reduced while N-cadherin and Vimentin expressions were significantly increased (both P<0.05). Conclusion: miR-21-5p is highly expressed in prostate cancer PC-3 cell line. BMSC exosome miR-21-5p can increase the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of PC-3 cells through targeted down-regulation of PHLPP2.

Objective To collect the serum samples of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to investigate the changes in serum metabolic biomarkers before and after lifestyle intervention. Methods A total of 23 patients who were diagnosed with NAFLD in Department of Gastroenterology and Inpatient Department, Putuo District Central Hospital of Shanghai, from January 2019 to January 2020 were enrolled, and all patients received the intervention with aerobic exercise and equicaloric low-carbohydrate high-protein diet. A total of 13 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in Physical Examination Center were enrolled as control group. For the patients with NAFLD, basic information was collected before and after intervention, blood samples were collected twice to measure liver function, blood glucose, and blood lipids, and part of serum was used for serum metabolomics analysis. The serum samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry. The data collected were processed in Compound Discover, and then principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to establish the profile of differentially expressed blood metabolites between patients and healthy people and perform the enrichment analysis of differentially expressed metabolic pathways. The independent samples t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Wilcoxon non-parametric test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups. Results After lifestyle intervention, the patients had significant reductions in body mass index ( P < 0.01), body weight ( P < 0.01), and serum biochemical parameters alkaline phosphatase, albumin, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and alanine aminotransferase (all P < 0.05), as well as a significant reduction in total protein ( P < 0.01), while there were no significant improvements in cholinesterase, aspartate aminotransferase, and glucose. As for the four items for blood lipids, there was a significant reduction in triglyceride ( P < 0.01), while there were no significant improvements in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol. The metabolomics analysis showed that 33 serum metabolites changed significantly after lifestyle intervention. In addition, PCA results showed that after intervention, the level of metabolites in patients tended to be normal. The signaling pathway analysis showed that exercise and diet mainly affected the pathways of bile acid, unsaturated fatty acid synthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism. Conclusion Lifestyle intervention can achieve varying degrees of reduction in the body weight of patients with NAFLD, improve serum biochemical parameters, and regulate the abnormal metabolic pathway in patients with NAFLD, which has important clinical value and significance for guiding clinicians to formulate reasonable diet and exercise strategies for patients with NAFLD and prevent the progression of NAFLD.