Objective To establish a HPLC method for the content determination of irbesartan in drugs.Methods The diamonsil C18 column (150 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm) was used, with the mobile phase of phosphoric acid solution-acetonitrile(adjusted to pH 3.2 with triethylamine)(62:38).The column temperature was 35℃, with the UV detection wavelength of 245 nm and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.Results Irbesartan exhibited a good linear relationship with the peak area in the concentration range of 0.04-0.40 mg/mL with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 99.The average recovery was 98.37% with RSD of 0.7%(n=9).Conclusion This method is simple and accurate with wide linear range and good reproducibility,and can be used to determine the content of irbesartan in drugs.

Objective To statistically analyze clinical research literature on acupuncture treatment of gouty arthritis, explore regularities in its point selection and provide a basis for clinical point selection and reasonable point combination.Method Gouty arthritis, acupuncture, warm needling moxibustion, electroacupuncrue and fire needling were used as key words. January 1990 to May 2014 China HowNet (CNKI) full-text database and Wanfang academic periodical full-text database were searched to retrieve, sort out and analyze clinical literature on acupuncture treatment of gouty arthritis at home and abroad. Acupoints included in the literature were sorted out. Statistical analysis was made of the categories, meridians, use frequencies and positions of selected acupoints.Result One hundred and thirty-five articles with a total of 120 acupoints were included. From the analysis of point selection, the acupoints most frequently used to treat gouty arthritis were, arranged in order, Taichong (91), Sanyinjiao (87), Zusanli (80), Yinlingquan (58), Quchi (52), Taixi (51), Yanglingquan (45), Xuehai (44), Taibai (44) and Hegu (44). From the analysis of pertaining meridians, the meridians of more frequently used acupoints were the spleen meridian of foot-taiyin (323), the stomach meridian of foot-yangming (209), the large intestine of hand-yangming (143), the liver meridian of foot-jueyin (140), the gallbladder meridian of foot-shaoyang (134), the kidney meridian of foot-shaoyin (84) and the bladder meridian of foot-taiyang (80). From the analysis of point selection from different places, the part where acupoints were most distributed was the lower limb.Conclusion For acupuncture treatment of gouty arthritis, local and along-meridian point selections are main ones, selected points are relatively scattered and often located in the lower limb, and point selection is partly combined with syndrome differentiation, which provide a clinical reference.

Objective To study the protection of glutathione (GSH) on renal oxidative damage to mice which caused by mi‐crocystin‐LR(MC‐LR) .Methods Forty healthy KM mice were divided into five groups by randomly sampling ,which were saline control group ,GSH control group ,MC‐LR group ,low dose GSH +MC‐LR group and high dose GSH +MC‐LR group ,and the ex‐periment was lasting 15 days by intraperitoneal injection .Then we took out the kidney for pathological observation and detected the activity of CAT ,SOD ,GSH‐Px and the content of GSH ,MDA .Results Compared with control group ,the MC‐LR increased the content of MDA[(2 .31 ± 0 .22)nmol/mg prot ,P=0 .000] and decreased the content of GSH[(0 .68 ± 0 .02)mg/g prot] .The activi‐ty of CAT[(320 .54 ± 38 .99)nmol/mg prot] ,SOD[(180 .93 ± 15 .30)U/mg prot] ,GSH‐Px[(295 .11 ± 42 .40)U/mg prot](P<0 .05) .However ,after GSH was given ,compared with MC‐LR group ,MDA content[(1 .94 ± 0 .12)nmol/mg prot]of high dose GSH+MC‐LR group significantly decreased (P<0 .05) ,GSH content[(1 .01 ± 0 .08)mg/g prot ,(1 .08 ± 0 .16)mg/g prot]and CAT activity[(383 .46 ± 21 .98)nmol/mg prot ,(428 .50 ± 28 .61)nmol/mg prot] of both GSH groups significantly increased (P<0 .05) ,the activity of SOD[(222 .01 ± 11 .51)U/mg prot] and GSH‐Px[(358 .37 ± 20 .29)U/mg prot] of high dose GSH +MC‐LR group significantly increased (P<0 .05) .Conclusion MC‐LR may cause renal oxidative damage through promoting the lipid perox‐idation on renal cells .The GSH may reach a certain protective effect on kidney by reducing the lipid peroxidation ,improving the an‐tioxidant activity ,and removing oxygen free radicals .

Objective To explore the association between clinical pathological characteristics and the expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and protein kinase B (AKT) in gastric carcinomas.Methods The expressions of EGFR and AKT were measured with immunohistochemical method in the cancer tissues and cancer-adjacent normal tissues from 153 cases of patients with gastric cancer.The association between clinical pathological characteristics and their expressions were analyzed.Results The expressions of AKT and EGFR in gastric cancer tissues had no relationship with gender,age,pathological type,and the degree of differentiation (P ＞ 0.05).A positive correlation was existed between the EGFR and TNM stages (x2 =5.43,P ＜0.05).The AKT was positively related to the size,T stage,and TNM stage of the tumor,respectively (x2 =4.73,4.95,5.32,P ＜0.05 orP ＜0.01).The levels of AKT (x2=4.83,4.75,P ＜0.05) and EGFR(x2 =4.67,4.58,P ＜0.05) in the gastric cancer tissues with lymph node and/or distant metastasis were significantly higher than the gastric cancer tissues without metastasis,respectively.Conclusions The over-expressions of AKT and EGFR would benefit the diagnosis and stages of a gastric cancer and the determination of its metastasis.

Objective To study the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) in the elderly and the occurrence and development of arrhythmia. Methods A total of 120 OSAS patients and 40 normal controls were selected and their polysomnography(PSG) or dynamic blood oxygen and analyzed holter were monitored. Results The total number of the reduction in apnta hypopnea index (AHI) and arterial orygen saturation (SaO 2) over 0.04 and the lasted period during SaO 20.05), while the incidences of the intermediate and serious groups significantly increased(P

Objective To explore the prevalence and physician's recognition of depression and anxiety disorder in gastrointestinal out-patients of three tertiary general hospitals in Beijing. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in the gastrointestinal out-patient departments of three tertiary general hospitals in Beijing from May to June 2007. Total 517 subjects were recruited consecutively within a one month period. All the subjects were screened with Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). The subjects with HADS score of 8 and over were interviewed and diagnosed by psychiatrists using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The physicians made the diagnosis and management without knowing the results of MINI and HADS score. Results Among the 517 cases, 301 had a HADS score of 8 and above and 244 were interviewed by psychiatrists; the response rate was 81.1%. The prevalence according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth edition of depressive disorders and anxiety disorders in gastrointestinal outpatients were 15.3%, depressive disorders were 12. 0%, anxiety disorders were 6. 4%, depression combined anxiety disorder was 3. 0%. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, depression combined anxiety were not different between genders (x2 = 0. 874, x2 = 1.797,x2 =0.518, P >0.05) and among different age group ( 18-34, 35-54, ≥55 years old) (x2 = 1. 084,2 = 2. 735, 2 = 0. 350, P 0. 05 ). Gastritis and gastrointestinal dysfunction were the major diagnoses in patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders, the rates were 30. 6% and 26. 4% respectively. The rate of identification of depression and anxiety disorder by physicians was 2. 8%. Conclusion Gastrointestinal out-patients have a high prevalence of depression and anxiety disorder and the rate of identification by physicians was very low.

0bjective To explore the level of identification and related factors of depression in physicians of Beijing tertiary general hospitals.Methods A cross-sectional investigation was used to screen the outpatients,and depression was diagnosed according to Mini International Neuropsyehiatric Interview (MINI).Identification of depression was defined as referral to psychiatrist or managed with antidepressant or sedative hypnotics.Results Among 248 cases of depression,30(12.1%)were referred to psychiatrists,28(8.9%)managed with antidepressant or sedative hypnotics.The identification rate of depression by physicians was 21.0%.and the identification rate by neurologist was 40.4%,which is higher than the rate by cardiologist(22.4%),gastrointestinal physician(3.8%)and gynecologist(2.0%)(χ2=61.077,P<0.05).Visiting neurology department,severity of life impairment,with psychotic distress history,hadpsychological complaints.co-morbidity with anxiety related to the physician's identification of depression.Among the psychological complaints.only mood disorder and insomnia were related to the physician'sidentification of depression.Conclusions The level of depression identification by physician was low,the level of neurologist wag higher than that of cardiologist,gastrointestinal physician and gynecologist.The patient with serious life impairment,psychotic distress history,mood disorder and insomnia complaints was asily to be identified.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for determination of related substances of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride and their content .Methods The HPLC method was used on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column with a mo-bile phase of methanol-0.2%triethyl citrate in 25 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate ( pH was adjusted to 3.5 with phosphoric acid) (35∶65) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min.The detection wavelength was 209 nm and column temperature was 40℃.Results Under the selected chromatographic condition , dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride was completely separated from impurity.The limit of detection was 81.12 ng/ml.The calibration curve was linear in the range of 2-30 μg/ml ( r=0.9995).The average recovery of the method was 100.83%, and the stability of the working solution was acceptable in 12 h(RSD=0.10%).Conclusion This method is simple,specific,accurate and suitable for analyzing the related substances and their content in dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride .

Objective To establish assay methods for the determination of dissolution,content and related substances of vita-min K1 self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system(VK1-SNEDDS),and investigate the physico-chemical properties of the preparation. Methods The UV method was established to determine the dissolution of VK1-SNEDDS. The content and related substances were de-termined by HPLC. The appearance,self-emulsification time,micro-morphology,droplet size and zeta potential were also investigat-ed. Results The linearity range of established UV and HPLC methods was 0.85-20.4 and 2.16-216μg/ml,respectively,and all the recovery,precision,specificity and sensitivity met requirements. VK1-SNEDDS could disperse quickly after dilution. The transmission electron microscope(TEM)image of the optimized liquid SNEDDS showed that most of the emulsion droplets were of uniform size with no signs of coalescence. Droplet size of optimal formulation was revealed as 47.74 nm with polydispersibility index(PDI)of 0.248,and zeta potential was found to be-20.53 mV. Conclusion VK1-SNEDDS could form homogeneous and stable nanoemulsion when dilut-ed with aqueous phase and increase the dissolution of lipophilic drug. The methods are reliable,accurate and suitable for quality con-trol of VK1-SNEDDS.

Objective To investigate the effect of isoflurane preconditioning on the expression of 5-lipoxy-genase (5-LOX) during focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Thirty-nine male adult Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =13 each):sham operation group (group S); focal cerebral I/R group (group I/R); isoflurane preconditioning group (group Ⅰ).Focal cerebral I/R was produced by mid-cerebral artery occlusion in anesthetized rats.The rats inhaled 2 h of 2％ isoflurane and focal cerebral I/R was produced 24 h later in group I.The neurological deficits were scored at 24 h of reperfusion.The animals were then sacrificed.The brains were immediately removed for determination of the infarct size.The expression of 5-LOX,myeloid differentiation factor88 (MyD88) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) protein and mRNA was detected using Western blot and RT-PCR respectively.Results Compared with group S,the neurological deficit score was significantly increased,the infarct size was enlarged in groups I/R and I,the expression of 5-LOX,MyD88 and NF-κB protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group I/R,and the expression of 5-LOX mRNA and MyD88 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group I (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,the neurological deficit score was significantly lower,the infarct size was smaller,and the expression of 5-LOX,MyD88 and NF-κB protein and mRNA was lower in group I (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Isoflurane preconditioning can reduce focal cerebral I/R injury by down-regulating the expression of 5-LOX and inhibiting MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats.